Cilj ovoga kvantitativnog anketnog istraživanja bio je utvrditi doživljaj i iskustva rodne diskriminacije na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu iz perspektive studenata/ica te doprinos sociodemografskih obilježja ...i obilježja studiranja u objašnjavanju iskustva, svjedočenja i percepcije rodne diskriminacije. Kao polazište korištene su teorije kongruentnosti uloga i teorija grupne osviještenosti. U istraživanju koje je provedeno 2020. godine sudjelovalo je 274 studenata/ica sa Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Rezultati su analizirani regresijskom analizom (jednostavna i hijerarhijska regresijska analiza s dodatnom provjerom moderatorskog učinka svjedočenja rodnoj diskriminaciji na odnos između iskustva i percepcije rodne diskriminacije). Rezultati su pokazali da iskustvo rodne diskriminacije postoji na onim studijima gdje je nominalno izjednačen broj studenata i studentica, no postoje određeni džepovi diskriminacije poput biomedicinskih studija i integriranih studija gdje se češće osobno doživljava rodna diskriminacija i svjedoči diskriminaciji drugih. U percepciji i svjedočenju rodne diskriminacije ključan je čimbenik osobno iskustvo koje pomaže izgradnji grupne osviještenosti. Rodni stereotipi najčešći su oblik rodne diskriminacije. Kad govorimo o sadržaju stereotipa, češće se uočavaju rodni stereotipi deskriptivnog karaktera usmjerenog na oba spola, ali i preskriptivni stereotipi koji su usmjereni protiv žena na pozicijama moći. Stoga možemo zaključiti kako je akademsko okruženje iz perspektive studenata i studentica još uvijek obilježeno „staklenim stropom“, i to neovisno o dominantnoj zastupljenosti studentica na sveučilištu. No, iskustvo diskriminacije nije isključivo žensko pitanje te su svakako potrebna dodatna istraživanja kako bi se istražile dimenzije diskriminacije studenata. Rezultati upućuju na potrebu snažnije zastupljenosti teme rodne ravnopravnosti u akademskoj zajednici uz uspostavljanje institucionalne podrške u suzbijanju diskriminacije.
Cilj ovoga kvantitativnog anketnog istraživanja bio je utvrditi doživljaj i iskustva rodne diskriminacije na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu iz perspektive studenata/ica te doprinos sociodemografskih obilježja ...i obilježja studiranja u objašnjavanju iskustva, svjedočenja i percepcije rodne diskriminacije. Kao polazište korištene su teorije kongruentnosti uloga i teorija grupne osviještenosti. U istraživanju koje je provedeno 2020. godine sudjelovalo je 274 studenata/ica sa Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Rezultati su analizirani regresijskom analizom (jednostavna i hijerarhijska regresijska analiza s dodatnom provjerom moderatorskog učinka svjedočenja rodnoj diskriminaciji na odnos između iskustva i percepcije rodne diskriminacije). Rezultati su pokazali da iskustvo rodne diskriminacije postoji na onim studijima gdje je nominalno izjednačen broj studenata i studentica, no postoje određeni džepovi diskriminacije poput biomedicinskih studija i integriranih studija gdje se češće osobno doživljava rodna diskriminacija i svjedoči diskriminaciji drugih. U percepciji i svjedočenju rodne diskriminacije ključan je čimbenik osobno iskustvo koje pomaže izgradnji grupne osviještenosti. Rodni stereotipi najčešći su oblik rodne diskriminacije. Kad govorimo o sadržaju stereotipa, češće se uočavaju rodni stereotipi deskriptivnog karaktera usmjerenog na oba spola, ali i preskriptivni stereotipi koji su usmjereni protiv žena na pozicijama moći. Stoga možemo zaključiti kako je akademsko okruženje iz perspektive studenata i studentica još uvijek obilježeno „staklenim stropom“, i to neovisno o dominantnoj zastupljenosti studentica na sveučilištu. No, iskustvo diskriminacije nije isključivo žensko pitanje te su svakako potrebna dodatna istraživanja kako bi se istražile dimenzije diskriminacije studenata. Rezultati upućuju na potrebu snažnije zastupljenosti teme rodne ravnopravnosti u akademskoj zajednici uz uspostavljanje institucionalne podrške u suzbijanju diskriminacije.
This quantitative research aimed to analyse the experience of gender discrimination at the University of Zagreb from the students' perspective and assess the contribution of socio-demographic characteristics and study characteristics in explaining the experience, witnessing and perception of gender discrimination. The role congruity theory and the theory of group awareness were used as a framework. The research was conducted in 2020 with the participation of 274 students from the University of Zagreb. The results were analysed by regression analysis (simple and hierarchical regression analysis with additional verification of the moderating effect of witnessing gender discrimination on the relationship between the experience and perception of gender discrimination). The results showed that the experience of gender discrimination exists in fields where the number of male and female students is nominally equal. However, certain areas, such as bio-medical studies and integrated studies, stood out as pockets of discrimination, where students were more likely to personally experience gender discrimination and witness discrimination against others. In the perception and witnessing of gender discrimination, a key factor is personal experience that helps build group awareness. Gender discrimination is perceived as a group, social and political issue rather than a matter of personal factors or success. Descriptive gender stereotypes targeting both sexes, but also prescriptive stereotypes directed against women in positions of power, are more often observed. Therefore, we conclude that, from the students' perspective, the academic environment still exhibits characteristic of a glass ceiling, regardless of the predominant presence of female students at the university.
The bacterium Legionella pneumophila is still one of the probable causes of waterborne diseases, causing serious respiratory illnesses. In the aquatic systems, L. pneumophila exists inside ...free-living amoebae or can form biofilms. Currently developed disinfection methods are not sufficient for complete eradication of L. pneumophila biofilms in water systems of interest. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a method that results in an antimicrobial effect by using a combination of light and a photosensitizer (PS). In this work, the effect of PDI in waters of natural origin and of different hardness, as a treatment against L. pneumophila biofilm, was investigated. Three cationic tripyridylporphyrins, which were previously described as efficient agents against L. pneumophila alone, were used as PSs. We studied how differences in water hardness affect the PSs’ stability, the production of singlet oxygen, and the PDI activity on L. pneumophila adhesion and biofilm formation and in biofilm destruction. Amphiphilic porphyrin showed a stronger tendency for aggregation in hard and soft water, but its production of singlet oxygen was higher in comparison to tri- and tetracationic hydrophilic porphyrins that were stable in all water samples. All three studied porphyrins were shown to be effective as PDI agents against the adhesion of the L. pneumophila to polystyrene, against biofilm formation, and in the destruction of the formed biofilm, in their micromolar concentrations. However, a higher number of dissolved ions, i.e., water hardness, generally reduced somewhat the PDI activity of all the porphyrins at all tested biofilm growth stages.
GoalThe purpose of this study was to characterize the population and evaluate risk factors, surgical treatments and short-term outcomes in preterm infants with surgical necrotizing enterocolitis ...(NEC).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated premature infants with surgical NEC over a period of 5 years (2015-2019) in a Croatian tertiary referral centre. Data were extracted from medical records.ResultsThis study included 23 outborns aged 23 to 36 weeks of gestation (27.7±3.7). The median age at surgery was 11 days (5-43 days). Male gender (83%) was overrepresented, whereas antenatal steroid exposure was low (61%). The majority of patients (n=15) had a primary laparotomy (65%); two patients had peritoneal drainage (PD) alone (9%) and six patients had PD followed by laparotomy (26%). All patients survived. After referral, the median length of hospitalization was 128 days (15-430 days), one patient developed short bowel syndrome, five (22%) were treated for sepsis, eight patients (35%) received laser photocoagulation due to retinopathy, and grade 3 to 4 intraventricular hemorrhages were diagnosed in seven (30%) patients. There were no differences in outcomes related to surgical approach.ConclusionNEC mortality in our cohort is lower than current literature suggests. Additionally, abdominal drainage seems to be equally successful treatment of NEC as explorative laparatomy and bowel resection in neonates who do not meet the criteria for the latter procedures. Neonates who underwent abdominal drainage do not show increased probability of complications or higher lethality.
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is used in the food industry, stomatology, pharmacy, and medicine due to the beneficial properties of chamomile flowers, which are due to the content of ...terpenoids, but also flavonoids and phenolic acids. This study aims to determine and compare the effects of the drying method on the metabolic profile of chamomile flowers from sustainable, organic practice. The flowers were dried using four different methods: in the sun at a temperature of around 30 °C for 4 days, in the shade at an average temperature of 20–25 °C for 7 days, in a dryer at a temperature of 105 °C for 24 h, and in a climate chamber at a temperature of 60 °C for 48 h. The drying method affects the color, aroma, dry biomass, and chemical profile of chamomile flowers. The biggest color change was between fresh chamomile flowers and chamomile flowers dried in a climate chamber at 105 °C for 24 h, and the smallest change was observed in flowers dried in the sun. The highest contents of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were measured in flower samples dried in the sun. Drying the flowers at 105 °C caused a significant decrease in total phenols and total flavonoids compared to the drying methods in the sun and shade. Drying at 60 °C for two days had the most significant negative effect on polyphenolic compounds. GC-MS analysis of chamomile essential oil revealed a total of 49 compounds. The most abundant compounds in all samples were α-bisabolol oxide A (19.6 to 24.3%), bisabolol oxide B (19.3 to 23.2%), and β-farnesene E (15.9 to 25.5%). β-Farnesene was identified in significantly lower amounts in sun-dried flowers compared to others, indicating its sensitivity to high light intensity. Volatile compounds spiroether Z, spiroether E, and matricarin were significantly reduced in samples dried at a temperature of 105 °C compared to others, which agrees with the aroma of dried flowers. Discrimination between samples based on chemical profiles showed similarity between samples dried in the sun and in the shade compared to samples dried at higher temperatures.
Background
The potential benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in colon cancer is under evaluation. There is a need to improve preoperative non-invasive diagnostics using techniques that provide ...more accurate staging information in assessing patient eligibility for NAC.
Purpose
To investigate the link between the tumor grade (pathohistological confirmed) and the N status (corresponding to lymph node involvement) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.
Material and Methods
A total of 17 patients planned for surgical resection had a biopsy confirming colon carcinoma and participated in the study. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging/ADC sequence was recorded before surgery. The tumor and all visible lymph nodes were manually delineated directly on a grayscale ADC map for every single slice and detected to access the total tumor and summarized lymph node volume. The mean ADC value was further calculated for the mean tumor and mean lymph node values.
Results
Low-grade tumors had a mean ADC equivalent to 1225 ± 170×10−6 mm2/s, and the coefficient of high-grade tumors was 1444 ± 69×10−6 mm2/s. The group of patients with positive lymph nodes in operative tissue samples (N+) exhibited lower mean ADC values (1023 ± 142×10−6 mm2/s) as opposed to the group without metastatic lymph nodes (N–) with ADC values of 1260 ± 231×10−6 mm2/s.
Conclusion
The mean whole-tumor ADC is associated with the histological tumor grade, and the mean ADC value of whole-volume abdominal lymph nodes could assume real nodal infiltration.
Kongenitalni hiperinzulinizam (KHI) najčešći je uzrok tvrdokornih hipoglikemija u novorođenačkom i ranome dojenačkom razdoblju. Iako je bolest razmjerno rijetka s pojavnosti od oko 1 : 25 000–50 000 ...živorođene djece, bolest se ne smije podcijeniti zbog trajnih neuroloških oštećenja do kojih dolazi ako se bolest brzo ne otkrije i ne započne promptno liječiti. Uzrok su mutacije nekog od 7 gena, ključnih u regulaciji inzulinske sekrecije u b-stanicama gušterače. Odmah nakon postavljanja dijagnoze nužno je u terapiju uvesti antihipoglikemike koji djeluju specifično na -stanice gušterače. Kod teških neonatalnih oblika nerijetko postoji rezistencija na antihipoglikemike. Tada preostaje kirurško liječenje prije kojeg je potrebno odrediti histološki oblik bolesti, što se danas uspješno postiže kombinacijom genskog testiranja i scintigrafske pretrage. Kirurškim se zahvatom najčešće postiže izlječenje kod fokalnog KHI, dok difuzni oblik ima lošiju prognozu. Ovaj je tekst pregled novijih spoznaja o KHI, kojim želimo naglasiti važnost što ranijeg postavljanja dijagnoze kao preduvjeta uspješnoga ciljanog liječenja bolesti, koje je posljednjih godina obogaćeno novim mogućnostima.
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a major cause of persistent hypoglycemia in the neonatal and early infancy periods. Althought the disease is relatively rare with incidence of about 1:25 000-50 ...000 live births, the importance of the disease should not be underestimated. Namely, prompt recognition and management of patients with CHI is essential, if permanent neurological impairment is to be avoided. CHI is caused by mutations in one of the 7 genes involved in the regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. It is important to introduce specific medical therapy as soon as diagnosis is established. Severe, neonatal forms of CHI are often resistant to medications, thus they require surgical procedure. The preoperative genetic testing and scintigraphy are indicated to distinguish histological subtypes of the disease (focal vs. diffuse CHI). Patients with focal disease are usually cured after pancreatic resection, while diffuse disease has much worse prognosis. This manuscript offers novel insights into CHI and emphasizes the role of early diagnosis as crucial for succesful treatment that was recently enriched with novel options.
PDF
