There is evidence that the structural modification of curcumin (CUR) into its pyrazole form (CP) and the complexation of CUR with hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HPβCD) both improve curcumin's ...chemical-physical properties and enhance its biological activities. However, making use of both strategies is scarce. This study aims at modifying CUR structurally with hydrazine hydrate and the complexation of the modified CUR with HPβCD, employing a simple protocol, which has not been reported so far. The physicochemical structural features of the prepared compounds have been probed through UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aqueous solubility of the products was enhanced as examined visibly and by UV-Vis spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The cytotoxicity of the samples in A549 lung cancer cell lines was assessed by MTT assay and cell counting through the trypan blue exclusion method. Negligible colony formation was observed as checked by clonogenic assay in the lung cancer cell lines. Besides being toxic to cancer cell lines, the samples were found to be non-toxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as revealed by MTT assay.
This study aims at modifying curcumin to curcumin pyrazole and complexing it with HPβCD employing a simple protocol to improve curcumin's chemical-physical properties and biological activities.
High density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were solution blended by using a mixture of xylene and tetrahydrofuran as solvent ...and polyethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate (PE-co-GMA) as compatibilizer. The minimum ratio of solvents to obtain a homogenous solution was optimised. Wood polymer composites (WPC) were prepared by using solution blended polymer, wood flour and nanoclay. X-ray diffraction studies of WPC treated with 1 and 3
phr nanoclay showed higher exfoliation compared to WPC treated with 5
phr nanoclay. TEM study also supported the above findings. FTIR studies indicated an interaction between wood, PE-co-GMA and clay. SEM study indicated an increase in miscibility among polymers due to addition of PE-co-GMA as compatibilizer. Thermal stability improved on addition of clay to the WPC. WPC treated with 3
phr clay showed highest mechanical properties. Hardness and water absorption were improved significantly with the addition of nanoclay to wood/polymer composite.
Montmorillonite (MMT) was modified by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and verified by X-ray diffractometer. Wood polymer composite (WPC) was prepared by solution blending of high density ...polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wood flour, modified MMT and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of modified MMT treated WPC were found better compared to either WPC or unmodified MMT treated WPC. Thermal stability, flammability, hardness and water absorption values of WPCs were improved due to inclusion of modified MMT to WPC.
Glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked gelatin (G) microcapsules containing
Zanthoxylum limonella oil (ZLO) were prepared by coacervation technique. The effect of various parameters such as variation of ...oil-loading, gelatin concentration and degree of crosslinking on release rate of oil were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to understand the surface characteristics of microcapsules. FTIR-results indicated the absence of any significant interaction between polymer and oil.
The Wigner distributions for the
u
and the
d
quarks in a proton are calculated using the light-front wave functions of the scalar quark–diquark model for a nucleon constructed from the soft-wall ...AdS/QCD correspondence. We present a detailed study of the quark orbital angular momentum and its correlation with the quark spin and the proton spin. The quark density distributions, considering the different polarizations of quarks and proton, in transverse momentum plane as well as in transverse impact parameter plane are presented for both
u
and
d
quarks.
Simul wood (Salmalia malabarica) was chemically modified by treatment with styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and organically modified nanoclay. The physical ...properties of wood polymer composites (WPC) were improved due to the addition of GMA and nanoclay. XRD analysis indicated a decrease in crystallinity in WPC. FTIR study confirmed the presence of clay in WPC. The presence of clay in cell lumen and cell wall was evidenced by SEM study. WPC containing lower percentage of clay showed better thermal stability compared to WPC loaded with higher percentage of clay.
Materials which are chemically, energetically and operationally acceptable for arsenic water treatment are highly required. In this study a hybrid material (SICC) of aminated starch, oxyhydroxide of ...iron and OMMT clay has been demonstrated for arsenic treatment. This new material was highly efficient in arsenic water treatment which could reduce arsenic concentration far below detection limits. All binding interactions during material preparation and arsenic sorption were exclusively characterized with FT-IR, XRD and other spectroscopic tools. A molecular modeling on the basis of density functional theory was carried out to verify the above findings. Influence of material dose, treatment time, initial ion concentration, varying temperatures, etc., on extent of sorption was studied in detail. The thermodynamic parameters viz. ΔG (>-11 kJ/mol), ΔH (42.48 kJ/mol), ΔS (177.6 JK
mol
) and E a (59.16 kJ/mol) determined the feasibility of the process, its endothermic behavior and most importantly the chemical nature of the sorption accompanied by ion-exchange to some extent. The sorption followed a monolayer chemisorption pattern as determined by the Langmuir model (R
= 0.973, R L = 0.081) with a q
= 2.04 at 303 K. The binding of As(III) on the material was governed by a pseudo second order kinetic model.
Curcumin is less bioavailable and therefore gets rapidly eliminated from the body. Structural modification of curcumin and its complexation with excipients like 2-Hydroxypropyl-
β
-cyclodextrin (HP
β
...CD) can circumvent such limitations in respective manners. This study expects to enhance curcumin’s bioactivity by amalgamating both the techniques. Curcumin had been structurally modified and then complexed with HP
β
CD, characterized, and evaluated for different bioactivities. This manuscript demonstrates that the death of cancer cells followed the apoptotic pathway as estimated from the apoptosis assay. Further, the prepared samples acted as a potent antibacterial and antifungal agents against several bacteria and a fungus, respectively. The samples have more polyphenolic and flavonoid contents compared to curcumin and thereby exhibited better antioxidant activities as estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) & 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. The samples also exhibited better metal chelation activities. All the samples, especially CPCD, prevented the impairment of insulin-stimulated 2-NBDG uptake by L6 myotubes. The samples reduced the LPS-induced
κ
B luciferase reporter activity. Despite having so many properties, the samples were found to be non-toxic to human PBMCs and RBCs.
Graphical abstract
Curcumin pyrazole-HPβCD inclusion complex is found to be more water soluble compared to either curcumin or curcumin pyrazole and hence has better anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic & anti-inflammatory activities without being toxic to human PBMCs and RBCs as examined by different
in vitro
assays.
Microcapsules containing neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss.) seed oil (NSO) were prepared by encapsulation of natural liquid pesticide NSO in a polyelectrolyte complex of κ-carrageenan and chitosan. ...The optimum ratio between carrageenan and chitosan to form a stable polyelectrolyte complex was found as 1 : 0.36. The microencapsulation method for NSO loading was also optimized. SEM study demonstrated that the surface of the microcapsules became more irregular as oil loading increased. The release rates of NSO were studied by varying the percentage of oil loading, concentration of cross-linking agent, and polymer concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study confirmed the complex formation between κ-carrageenan and chitosan. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR study indicated the absence of any significant interaction between polyelectrolyte complex of κ-carrageenan -chitosan and NSO.
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