This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and cellular milk profile for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes and to assess risk factors for predisposition of the disease.
...Analyses were carried out by standard plate count (SPC), identification of species and antibiotic resistance, somatic cell count (SCC), electrical electrical conductivity of milk (ECM), and lactoferrin content in milk. Teat cups were swabbed to evaluate risk factors, observing hyperkeratosis, milking vacuum pressure and cleanliness of the site. Hence, 30 female buffaloes were randomly selected (15 from a group in early lactation and 15 in late lactation).
The most common bacteria in the microbiological examination were
spp.,
spp. and
sp. In the antibiotic sensitivity test, 10 (58.82%) of the 17 antibiotics tested were sensitive to all isolates, and resistant bacteria were
,
,
, and
. It was observed that positive samples in the microbiological examination showed total bacterial count between 9.10×10
to 6.94×10
colony forming units/mL, SCC between 42,000 to 4,320,000 cells/mL and ECM ranging from 1.85 to 7.40 mS/cm. It was also found that the teat cups had high microbial counts indicating poor hygiene, and even faults in the cleanliness of the animals' waiting room were observed. It is concluded that values of SCC above 537,000 cells/mL and ECM above 3.0 mS/mL are indications of mammary gland infection for this herd; however, the association of these values with a microbiological analysis is necessary to more accurately evaluate the health status of mammary glands with subclinical mastitis.
Through phenotypic characterization of bacteria involved in the samples, the genera
spp.,
spp., and
were the most prevalent in this study. Faults in environment and equipment hygienization are factors that are directly associated with mastitis.
Abstract The objective of this study was to correlate the gender and behavior of consumers of organic foods enriched with functional properties. The study was carried out by investigating the profile ...of organic and functional food consumers through the application of a questionnaire. A total of 1230 responses (of the questionnaire) were collected from people from all Brazilian states through social networks and e-mails following the snowball technique during the months of February and March 2017. The results showed that women expressed greater interest in consuming organic foods enriched with functional properties compared to men. Men and women agree that organic food are produced in a sustainable. Their high price, difficult access, irregular supply and availability in few establishments were highlighted as the main limiting factors for not consuming organic food, while an increased motivation (of consumption) was related to the awareness that organic foods are healthier and can improve quality of life. Fruits and vegetables are the most consumed organic foods among men and women, however women consume more functional foods than men. Thus, there are few differences in behavior and eating habits of organic foods between men and women.
Lactose intolerance and cow's milk protein allergy RANGEL, Adriano Henrique do Nascimento; SALES, Danielle Cavalcanti; URBANO, Stela Antas ...
Ciência e tecnologia de alimentos,
04/2016, Volume:
36, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract Adverse reactions to food intake have very diverse etiology and symptomatology. Regarding milk, its food allergy is presented as lactose intolerance, the sugar in milk, or allergy to milk ...protein. Despite having different symptomatology, confusions among allergic conditions to dairy and its mediators are common. Milk protein allergy originates from protein components present in milk, causing reactions to either the protein fractions in emulsion (caseins) or in whey (milk albumin). The allergic reaction is type IV mediated by T lymphocytes. The allergic reaction produces severe cellular damage and it triggers physical, mental and emotional symptomatology that may vary in time, intensity and severity. Lactose intolerance is originated by total or partial absence of the enzyme that digests this disaccharide. Lactose intolerance can be primary or congenital and secondary; the former being more rare and severe, the latter being more common. Lactase deficiency can be diagnosed by symptoms associated with cramping and diarrhea. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct a review of available literature on cow’s milk protein allergy and lactose intolerance.
Abstract The objective of this study was to prepare three donkey milk yoghurt formulations mixed with goat, cow and buffalo milk. The formulations were developed with 50% donkey milk and 50% cow, ...buffalo or goat milk. Concentrated mango pulp was added for flavouring. An evaluation was performed on the chemical composition of each milk sample and the formulated yoghurts. The donkey milk showed the lowest values for fat, protein, casein, total solids and non-fat solids. In turn, goat milk reached higher levels of fat and total solids. Furthermore, buffalo milk stood out with the highest values of protein and non-fat solids. Yoghurt made with donkey and buffalo milk showed higher concentrations of protein, lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. In contrast, the yoghurt that contained donkey and cow milk in its formulation obtained a higher fat percentage and a lower percentage of lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. The low content of fat and total solids in donkey milk, in addition to the structure of the casein micelles and small fat globules favor low consistency in fermented products. Thus, mixing donkey milk with milks from other animal species can result in better chemical composition and better consistency.
•Modeling of gas stripping fermentation was performed.•Ethanol concentration was maintained below threshold of toxicity.•An increase in yield and productivity of ethanol was observed.•A model which ...combines kinetics and thermodynamics was proposed.•Genetic algorithm methodology was used to estimate the kinetic parameters.
In this study, the feasibility of gas stripping technique was studied for Brazilian sugarcane industry conditions: Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and sugarcane molasses as raw material. The experimental trials were carried out in batch into two levels of gas flow rate (4 and 6L/min) and sugar concentration (170 and 250g/L). Results showed that the gas stripping technique was effective since ethanol concentration was maintained below threshold of toxicity (no more than 60g/L in all cases), as well as sugar containing was consumed almost completely. Furthermore, a mixed mathematical model combining a complex term for the ethanol entrainment from gas stripping fermentation was proposed based in robust models for sugarcane molasses previously presented in literature. ParametersYpx, μmax, Pmax, Yx, Xmax were estimated and presented itself within previous ranges validated for sugarcane molasses. The methodology of parameters estimation using genetic algorithms showed to have good performance, and the model was able to predict the data set of glucose, biomass and ethanol concentrations in low and high levels of sugarcane molasses in the broth, with only one set of parameters.
Changes in protein levels in different components of the apical junctional complex occur in colorectal cancer (CRC).Claudin-3 is one of the main constituents of tight junctions, and its ...overexpression can increase the paracellular flux of macromolecules, as well as the malignant potential of CRC cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of claudin-3 and its prognostic value in CRC. In silico evaluation in each of the CRC consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) revealed that high expression levels of CLDN3 (gene encoding claudin-3) in CMS2 and CMS3 worsened the patients' long-term survival, whereas a decrease in claudin-3 levels concomitant with a reduction in phosphorylation levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)could be achieved by inhibiting N-glycan biosynthesis in CRC cells. We also observed that specific inactivation of these receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) led to a decrease in claudin-3 levels, and this regulation seems to be mediated by phospholipase C (PLC) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in CRC cells. RTKs are modulated bytheir N-linked glycans, and inhibition of N-glycan biosynthesis decreased the claudin-3 levels; therefore, we evaluated the correlation between N-glycogenes and CLDN3 expression levels in each of the CRC molecular subtypes. The CMS1 (MSIimmune) subtype concomitantly exhibited low expression levels of CLDN3 and N-glycogenes (MGAT5, ST6GAL1, and B3GNT8), whereas CMS2 (canonical) exhibited high gene expression levels of CLDN3 and N-glycogenes (ST6GAL1 and B3GNT8). A robust positive correlation was also observed between CLDN3 and B3GNT8 expression levels in all CMSs. Theseresults support the hypothesis of a mechanism integrating RTK signaling and N-glycosylation for the regulation of claudin-3 levels in CRC, and they suggest that CLDN3 expression can be used to predict the prognosis of patients identified as CMS2 or CMS3.
Several studies demonstrate that cerebral preconditioning is a protective mechanism against a stressful situation. Preconditioning determinants are described, as well as the neuroprotection provided ...by anesthetic and non-anesthetics agents.
Review based on the main articles addressing the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion and neuronal injury and pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors (inflammation, glycemia, and temperature) related to the change in response to ischemia-reperfusion, in addition to neuroprotection induced by anesthetic use.
The brain has the ability to protect itself against ischemia when stimulated. The elucidation of this mechanism enables the application of preconditioning inducing substances (some anesthetics), other drugs, and non-pharmacological measures, such as hypothermia, aimed at inducing tolerance to ischemic lesions.
Diversos estudos têm demonstrado o precondicionamento cerebral como mecanismo protetor diante de uma situação de estresse. Fatores determinantes são descritos, bem como a neuroproteção proporcionada por agentes anestésicos e não anestésicos.
Fez-se revisão baseada nos principais artigos da literatura que englobam a fisiopatologia da isquemia-reperfusão e lesão neuronal e os fatores não farmacológicos (inflamação, glicemia e temperatura) e farmacológicos relacionados com a mudança da resposta à isquemia-reperfusão, além da neuroproteção induzida pelo uso dos anestésicos.
O cérebro tem a capacidade de se proteger contra a isquemia quando estimulado. A elucidação desse mecanismo possibilita a aplicação de substâncias indutoras do precondicionamento, como alguns anestésicos, outros fármacos e medidas não farmacológicas, como a hipotermia, com o objetivo de induzir tolerância a lesões isquêmicas.
Abstract The objective of this study was to prepare three donkey milk yoghurt formulations mixed with goat, cow and buffalo milk. The formulations were developed with 50% donkey milk and 50% cow, ...buffalo or goat milk. Concentrated mango pulp was added for flavouring. An evaluation was performed on the chemical composition of each milk sample and the formulated yoghurts. The donkey milk showed the lowest values for fat, protein, casein, total solids and non-fat solids. In turn, goat milk reached higher levels of fat and total solids. Furthermore, buffalo milk stood out with the highest values of protein and non-fat solids. Yoghurt made with donkey and buffalo milk showed higher concentrations of protein, lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. In contrast, the yoghurt that contained donkey and cow milk in its formulation obtained a higher fat percentage and a lower percentage of lactose, total solids and non-fat solids. The low content of fat and total solids in donkey milk, in addition to the structure of the casein micelles and small fat globules favor low consistency in fermented products. Thus, mixing donkey milk with milks from other animal species can result in better chemical composition and better consistency.
Abstract The objective of this study was to correlate the gender and behavior of consumers of organic foods enriched with functional properties. The study was carried out by investigating the profile ...of organic and functional food consumers through the application of a questionnaire. A total of 1230 responses (of the questionnaire) were collected from people from all Brazilian states through social networks and e-mails following the snowball technique during the months of February and March 2017. The results showed that women expressed greater interest in consuming organic foods enriched with functional properties compared to men. Men and women agree that organic food are produced in a sustainable. Their high price, difficult access, irregular supply and availability in few establishments were highlighted as the main limiting factors for not consuming organic food, while an increased motivation (of consumption) was related to the awareness that organic foods are healthier and can improve quality of life. Fruits and vegetables are the most consumed organic foods among men and women, however women consume more functional foods than men. Thus, there are few differences in behavior and eating habits of organic foods between men and women.
Anestésicos, precondicionamento e proteção cerebral Nunes, Rogean Rodrigues; Duval Neto, Gastão Fernandes; Alencar, Júlio César Garcia de ...
Revista brasileira de anestesiologia,
02/2013, Volume:
63, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Diversos estudos têm demonstrado o precondicionamento cerebral como mecanismo protetor diante de uma situação de estresse. Fatores determinantes são descritos, bem como a ...neuroproteção proporcionada por agentes anestésicos e não anestésicos. CONTEÚDO: Fez-se revisão baseada nos principais artigos da literatura que englobam a fisiopatologia da isquemia-reperfusão e lesão neuronal e os fatores não farmacológicos (inflamação, glicemia e temperatura) e farmacológicos relacionados com a mudança da resposta à isquemia-reperfusão, além da neuroproteção induzida pelo uso dos anestésicos. CONCLUSÕES: O cérebro tem a capacidade de se proteger contra a isquemia quando estimulado. A elucidação desse mecanismo possibilita a aplicação de substâncias indutoras do precondicionamento, como alguns anestésicos, outros fármacos e medidas não farmacológicas, como a hipotermia, com o objetivo de induzir tolerância a lesões isquêmicas.
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