The Ghanaian health system is plagued with several challenges including poor transportation systems, inadequate logistics and medical equipment and relevant human resource to enhance healthcare ...delivery (Sulemana & Dinye, 2014). Furthermore, Ghana is experiencing a double burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, which threatens efforts to achieve the sustainable development goals. ...we seek to describe the state of nursing education and practice in Ghana and highlight the role of The Ghanaian-Diaspora Nursing Alliance (G-DNA) in supporting efforts to enhance nursing education and practice to improve the health of Ghanaians. Between 2008 and 2018, the nursing and midwifery workforce increased by almost 370% due to a Human Resources for Health (HRH) strategy implemented by the Ministry of Health between 2007 and 2011 in response to the human resource crisis in the African region (Asamani et al., 2019). The 2021 Ghana Health Service Holistic Assessment Report showed that the number of nurses in Ghana particularly enrolled and community health increased from 44,167 in 2020 to 58,217 in 2021 (Asamani et al., 2019; Ghana Health Service, 2022).
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are maternity-related increases in blood pressure (eg, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia). Compared with women of other races in ...high-income countries, Black women have a comparatively higher risk of an HDP. Intersectionality helps to provide a deeper understanding of the multifactorial identities that affect health outcomes in this high-risk population.
In this review, we sought to explore the literature on HDP risk factors in Black women living in high-income countries and to assess the interaction of these risk factors using the conceptual framework of intersectionality.
We conducted this review using the Arksey and O'Malley methodology with enhancements from Levac and colleagues. Published articles in English on HDP risk factors with a sample of not less than 10% of Black women in high-income countries were included. Six databases, theses, and dissertations were searched from January 2000 to July 2021. A thematic analysis was used to summarize the results.
A final total of 36 studies were included from the 15 480 studies retrieved; 4 key themes of HDP risks were identified: (1) biological; (2) individual traditional; (3) race and ethnicity, geographical location, and immigration status; and (4) gender related. These intersectional HDP risk factors intersect to increase the risk of HDP among Black women living in high-income countries.
Upstream approaches are recommended to lower the risks of HDP in this population.
BACKGROUNDOver the past three decades, research studies on nurses' engagement in evidence-based practice (EBP) have been widely reported, particularly in high-income countries, with studies from ...these countries dominating literature reviews. As low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to join the EBP movement, primary research has emerged over the past decade about nurses' engagement with EBP.AIMSThe aim of this scoping review was to identify the types and extent of published research regarding nurses' knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, and implementation of EBP in LMICs.METHODSThe JBI scoping review methodology was used. Eight databases were searched up to November 2023. The review included primary studies (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods) that reported the knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, or implementation of EBP among nurses in LMICs. Included studies focused on registered nurses in all healthcare settings within LMICs. Studies published in English were included with no limit on publication date. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles of published studies. Data were analyzed quantitatively using frequencies and counts. Textual data from qualitative studies were analyzed using descriptive content analysis.RESULTSFifty-three publications were included, involving 20 LMICs. Studies were published between 2007 and 2023, with over 60% published in the past 7 years. Studies that evaluated familiarity/awareness of EBP showed that in general, nurses had low familiarity with or awareness of EBP. Most studies (60%) described nurses' attitudes toward EBP as positive, favorable, or high, and 31% as moderate. However, over 60% of studies described nurses' EBP knowledge/skills as moderate, low, or insufficient. Approximately 84% of studies described EBP implementation in healthcare settings as moderate, low, poor, or suboptimal.LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTIONStudies on nursing EBP have been increasing in LMICs for the past two decades, with findings highlighting opportunities for advancing EBP in nursing within LMICs. Health systems and healthcare organization leaders in LMICs should equip nurses with EBP knowledge and skills while providing the needed resources and support to ensure consistent implementation of EBP to improve health outcomes.
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map the evidence reporting the knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, and implementation of evidence-based practice among nurses in low- and ...middle-income countries.
Evidence-based practice aims to improve health care quality, safety, and health system efficiency. Numerous research studies have explored nurses' engagement in evidence-based practice in high-income countries. Developing nations have recently joined the evidence-based practice movement, and primary research about nurses' engagement with it are emerging.
The scoping review will include primary studies (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods) and gray literature addressing knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, and implementation of evidence-based practice among nurses. Participants will include registered nurses working in low- and middle-income countries. Studies conducted in all health care settings, including acute and community settings, in low- and middle-income countries will be included.
We will search MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, ERIC, JBI Evidence-based Practice Database, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and AIM. Gray literature will be sourced from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global and Google Scholar for primary studies. Studies published in the English language will be included, with no limit on publication date. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles will be assessed against the inclusion criteria by 2 independent reviewers. The extracted data will be analyzed quantitatively using frequencies and counts. Textual data from qualitative studies will be analyzed using descriptive content analysis. Results of the data analysis will be presented using graphs, tables, and a narrative format.
Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/hau5y ).
