The P-graph (process graph) framework is applied herein for the bus maintenance planning in the public transport system. Public transportation is an essential part of the life of each major city. A ...number of logistic tasks have to be handled day by day in order to ensure uninterrupted operation. Malfunctions can result in additional cost, delays, discomfort, and bad reputation. Undisturbed operation requires solving both scheduling and planning optimization problems. One of these problems is the planning of the regular maintenance tasks which are mostly carried out in the night shift at our industrial partner. If maintenance is not planed properly then not enough buses are available for service.
A P-graph based model has been developed for such a maintenance scheduling problem which is capable to take into account not only the night period but the whole day including the usually unused time of the buses during daytime. The appropriate scheduling of maintenance is especially important if the average age of the buses is high and thus the break downs are common. It is highly difficult to ensure the required number of serviceable buses for each morning shift without proper maintenance scheduling. Using the proposed systematic method, a better maintenance schedule can be developed where certain repair tasks can occur between the morning and afternoon rush hours. This will reduce the cost as repairs at night are more expensive.
Due to the large variety of options offered to customers, batch production schemes are highly accepted in the paint industry implying that scheduling plays an important role in optimal allocation of ...plant resources among multiple products. Since in a batch process, the cleaning of equipment units is the major source of waste, waste minimization is also to be taken into account in determining the schedule.
The formerly developed
S-graph framework Sanmartí E, Holczinger T, Puigjaner L, Friedler F. Combinatorial framework for effective scheduling of multipurpose batch plants. AIChE Journal 2002;48(11):2557–70. proved to be highly effective in solving multipurpose batch scheduling; it has now been specialized for solving paint production scheduling problems including waste minimization. The efficacy of the new approach is illustrated with the solution of large-scale paint production scheduling problems.
In this study, the complete genome of a novel picornavirus called harrier picornavirus 1 (HaPV-1) strain harrier/MR-01/HUN/2014 (KY488458) was sequenced and analysed from a cloacal sample of a ...threatened, carnivorous wild bird, western marsh harrier (
Circus aeruginosus
). HaPV-1 was detectable from 2 of the 3 samples from harriers. HaPV-1 is phylogenetically related to megriviruses (genus
Megrivirus
) from domestic chicken, turkey and duck, showing a similar genome organization pattern; it also has an avian picornavirus-like “Unit A” motif in the 3’ UTR. Unlike the type-IV internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) of megriviruses, HaPV-1 is predicted to contain a type–II–like IRES, suggesting modular exchange of IRES elements between picornavirus genomes.
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