Due to tamper-resistant sensor nodes and wireless media, Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are susceptible to various security threats that severely affect industrial/business applications. ...The survival of sensor networks is highly dependent on the flourishing collaboration of sensor nodes. Trust management schemes seem to be realistic and promising techniques to improve security as well as cooperation (dependability) among sensor nodes by estimating the trust level (score) of individual sensor nodes. This research paper presents a well-organized and motivating secure, dependable trust assessment (SDTS) scheme for industrial WSNs to cope with unexpected behavior such as an on-off attack, bad-mouthing attack, garnished attack, etc., by employing robust trust evaluation components based on success ratio and node misbehaviour. SDTS incorporates an interesting trust evaluation function in which the trust range can be adjusted in accordance with the application requirement. SDTS include direct communication trust, indirect communication trust, data trust, and misbehavior-based trust to defend the multiple internal attacks. SDTS works according to the behavior of nodes, i.e., whether the sensor nodes are interacting frequently or not. Moreover, abnormal attenuation and dynamic slide lengths are incorporated in the proposed model (SDTS) to deal with various natural calamities and internal attacks. SDTS is compared against three recent state-of-the-art methods and found efficient in terms of ease of trust assessment, false-positive rate (2.5%), false-negative rate (2%), attack detection rate (90%), detection accuracy (91%), average energy consumption (0.40 J), and throughput (108 Kbps) under the load of 500 sensor nodes with 50% malicious nodes. Investigational results exhibit the potency of the proposed scheme.
Text classification is the most vital area in natural language processing in which text data is automatically sorted into a predefined set of classes. The application of text classification is wide ...in commercial works like spam filtering, decision making, extracting information from raw data, and many other applications. Text classification is more significant for many enterprises since it eliminates the need for manual data classification, a more expensive and time-consuming mechanism. In this paper, a comparative analysis of text classification is done in which the efficiency of different machine learning algorithms on different datasets is analyzed and compared. Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Logistic Regression (LR), Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), and Random Forest (RF) are Machine Learning based algorithms used in this work. Two different datasets are used to make a comparative analysis of these algorithms. This paper further analyzes the machine learning techniques employed for text classification on the basis of performance metrics viz accuracy, precision, recall and f1- score. The resullltsss reveals that Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine outperforms the other models in the IMDB dataset, and kNN outperforms the other models for the SPAM dataset as per the results obtained from the proposed system.
Background and Aim; Chronic urticaria (CU) is a fluctuating and pruritic erythematous papule that persists for over six weeks. It affects 0.5-1% of the population and interferes with subjective ...well-being and daily life. Its etiology is highly complex which makes a causal and/or curative treatment difficult. Nonsedating H1-antihistamines are given as symptomatic therapy, which reduces symptoms effectively in ＜50% of patients. In Unani medicine, urticaria is known as Shara and treated according to its established etiology. The present study objective was to investigate the effect of herbal combination of Unani medicine (HCUM) comprising Rosa damascena Mill, Bambusa arundinacea Linn, Cinnamomum camphora Linn, Mentha arvensis Linn, in comparison with Levocetirizine in CU. Experimental procedure; This randomized open-labeled standard control clinical trial was conducted between 42 male/female patients aged 20-50 years with moderate to severe CU who were randomly allocated in a 3:1 ratio into HCUM and Levocetirizine 5 mg groups. HCUM powder 5.125 Gm and Levocetirizine 5 mg were given for 4 weeks. Urticaria activity score (UAS7) and chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire (CU-Q2oL) were primary and secondary outcomes and analyzed per protocol. Results: A total of 40 patients completed the study. Data analysis showed a significant decrease (P=＜0.001) in the scores of UAS7 (32.43 ± 2.34-14.03 ± 2.16 and 32.10 ± 2.33-28.40 ± 3.78) and CU-Q2oL (67.57 ± 9.56-36.50 ± 3.01 and 65.20 ± 11.78-59.60 ± 11.13) in HCUM and Levocetirizine groups respectively. Conclusion: As an alternative treatment in terms of safety, efficacy, tolerability, and quality of life the HCUM treatment proved to be more effective than Levocetirizine 5 mg in moderate to severe CU.
This study aimed to explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and demographic as well as health-related variables in elderly individuals diagnosed with cancer.
A cohort of 50 elderly ...cancer patients participated in the study. Data collection involved the completion of surveys and assessments encompassing demographic characteristics, medical profiles, levels of depression, cognitive functioning, activities of daily living, and perceived social support.
Findings revealed that among the elderly participants, 45% experienced mild depression, 20% exhibited moderate depression, and 5% showed severe depression. Depression levels were found to be linked to marital status (P = 0.03), with widowed individuals reporting the highest depression rates (80%) and single individuals reporting the lowest (4%). Living arrangements were significantly associated with depression (P = 0.012), with participants cohabiting with their partner and children showing lower depression rates (6%) compared to those living solely with their children (40%). Additionally, depression showed a significant correlation with income (P = 0.01), as individuals reporting insufficient income for living expenses displayed higher levels of depression (58%). Furthermore, depression was notably linked to chronic health conditions like diabetes and respiratory ailments (P = .023), with individuals grappling with respiratory issues reporting the highest depression scores.
Recognizing and addressing factors such as marital status, living situation, income level, and the presence of chronic illnesses hold the potential for healthcare professionals to tailor interventions effectively to meet the specific requirements of this vulnerable demographic. This tailored approach has the capability to contribute significantly to enhancing the overall well-being and mental health outcomes of elderly cancer patients.
In this article, we establish the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy double-controlled metric-like spaces by “assuming that the self-distance may not be zero”; if the value of the metric is zero, then ...it has to be “a self-distance”. We derive numerous fixed-point results for contraction mappings. In addition, we provide several non-trivial examples with their graphical views and an application of integral equations to show the validity of the proposed results.
Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is generally made phenotypically and the hunt for ASD-biomarkers continues. The purpose of this study was to compare urine organic acids profiles of ASD ...versus typically developing (TD) children to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and exploration of ASD etiology.
This case control study was performed in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Midstream urine was collected in the first half of the day time before noon from the children with ASD diagnosed by a pediatric neurologist based on DSM-5 criteria and TD healthy controls from August 2019 to June 2021. The urine organic acids were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. To identify potential biomarkers for ASD canonical linear discriminant analysis was carried out for the organic acids, quantified in comparison to an internal standard.
A total of 85 subjects were enrolled in the current study. The mean age of the ASD (n = 65) and TD groups (n = 20) was 4.5 ± 2.3 and 6.4 ± 2.2 years respectively with 72.3% males in the ASD group and 50% males in the TD group. Parental consanguinity was 47.7 and 30% in ASD and TD groups, respectively. The common clinical signs noted in children with ASD were developmental delay (70.8%), delayed language skills (66.2%), and inability to articulate sentences (56.9%). Discriminant analysis showed that 3-hydroxyisovalericc, homovanillic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, and indole acetic were significantly different between ASD and TD groups. The biochemical classification results reveal that 88.2% of cases were classified correctly into ASD& TD groups based on the urine organic acid profiles.
3-hydroxy isovaleric acid, homovanillic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, and indole acetic were good discriminators between the two groups. The discovered potential biomarkers could be valuable for future research in children with ASD.
In order to solve issues that arise in various branches of mathematical analysis, such as split feasibility problems, variational inequality problems, nonlinear optimization issues, equilibrium ...problems, complementarity issues, selection and matching problems, and issues proving the existence of solutions to integral and differential equations, fixed point theory provides vital tools. In this study, we discuss topological structure and several fixed-point theorems in the context of generalized neutrosophic cone metric spaces. In these spaces, the symmetric properties play an important role. We examine the existence and a uniqueness of a solution by utilizing new types of contraction mappings under some circumstances. We provide an example in which we show the existence and a uniqueness of a solution by utilizing our main result. These results are more generalized in the existing literature.
Classical sets, fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, and other sets are all generalized into the neutrosophic sets. A neutrosophic set is a mathematical approach that helps with challenges ...involving data that is inconsistent, indeterminate, or imprecise. The goal of this manuscript is to present the notion of neutrosophic 2-metric spaces. In this situation, we prove various fixed point theorems. The findings support previous methodologies in the literature and are backed up by various examples and an application.
In this manuscript, we give sufficient conditions for a sequence to be Cauchy in the context of controlled fuzzy metric space. Furthermore, we generalize the concept of Banach’s contraction principle ...by utilizing several new contraction conditions and prove several fixed point results. Furthermore, we provide a number of non-trivial examples to validate the superiority of main results in the existing literature. At the end, we discuss an important application to the transformation of solar energy to electric power by utilizing differential equations.
Objective: To determine the effects of intra articular platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection on level of pain of knee joint in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Study Design: Prospective ...observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Aug 2018 to Jan 2019.
Methodology: Forty patients with pain due to knee osteoarthritis for intra-articular injection were included in this observational clinical trial after informed consent and fulfilling inclusion criteria. After measuring pain by numerical rating scale, patients received intra articular platelet rich plasma (10ml) therapy in affected knee under fluoroscopy. Using the Numerical rating scale level of pain was evaluated and recorded for each patient at different intervals.
Results: There was dramatic improvement in pain score after first and second injection of platelet rich plasma. There was 33.33% improvement at 3rd week, 54.32% at 6th week and 71.60% at 6th month.
Conclusion: Platelet rich plasma is safe, cost effective and minimally invasive in reducing pain scores and functional limitation in knee osteoarthritis.
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