Growing functional information regarding bioactive TLQP-21 has led to the ubiquitous demand for identification of receptors associated to the peptide, which resulted in the first wave of murine ...TLQP-21 receptors, gC1qR and C3AR1. gC1qR was identified as receptor of TLQP-21 using chemical crosslinking and monomeric avidin column purification following by MS analysis. TLQP-21 responsive CHO-K1 cells were used to search for its receptor, C3AR1. Putative GPCRs, which may partake in regulating intracellular biological functions induced by TLQP-21, were indexed after the CHO-K1 cellular transcriptome was sequenced using unbiased Genome Wide Sequencing. TLQP-21 binding in the cells were found to be reduced by the gene knockdown with the siRNAs targeting C3AR1. C3AR1 antagonist, SB290157 was shown to prohibit TLQP-21 activity in CHOK1 cells. But this finding was not demonstrable in human cell line. The differences of human TLQP-21 sequence with that of murine TLQP-21 explains the poor binding of the human orthologue with its corresponding receptor. This may suggest a different set of receptors when considering human and rodent variants of TLQP-21. The identification of HSPA8 as receptor was performed using affinity based chromatography and mass spectrometry from human SHSY-5Y cells. Molecular studies in silico revealed that the peptide binding pocket in HSPA8 is an appropriate fit for TLQP-21 docking. Cross-linking and FACS methods presented the TLQP-21 binding to cells from the SHSY-5Y line. The establishment of HSPA8 as a putative receptor for human TLQP-21 can be exploited to explore new horizon in diagnosis and therapies for VGF related human diseases. J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2020; 3(1.000): 09-19
Monodisperse aerosols are essential in many applications, such as filter testing, aerosol instrument calibration, and experiments for validating models. This paper describes the design principle, ...construction, and performance of a monodisperse-aerosol generation system that comprises an atomizer, virtual impactor, microcontroller-based isokinetic probe, wind tunnel, and velocity measurement device. The size distribution of the produced monodisperse aerosols was determined by an optical particle counter. The effects of atomizer characteristics, the rates of minor and major flow, and solution criteria were investigated. It was found that all these parameters affect the generation of monodisperse aerosol. Finally, the expected geometric standard deviation （〈1.25） of monodisperse aerosol particles was obtained with the most suitable atomizer for 10% oleic acid in ethyl alcohol solution with 5%-15% minor flow, where the ratio between the nozzle-to-probe distance and acceleration-nozzle-exit diameter was 0.66. The con- structed monodisperse-aerosol-generation system can be used for instrumental calibration and aerosol research.
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc causing foot rot disease which is one of the major limiting factor for betelvine cultivation in Bangladesh. In this study, we have evaluated the antifungal activity of ...medicinal plant extracts, chemical fungicides, and antagonistic fungal isolates on mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii. Among the tested medicinal plants, the highest percent inhibition was exhibited by leaf extracts of Datura metel and Lowsonia inermis L. in all three solvents (aqueous; ethanol and acetone) and concentrations. The chemicals fungicides - Bavistin DF (Carbendazim) and Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb), effectively inhibited the growth of the S. rolfsii. However, at lower concentrations, other tested fungicides were found to be less effective. Among the six biological control agents, Trichoderma harzianum showed the highest percent inhibition of radial growth of S. rolfsii. The secondary metabolites of T. harzianum and T. viride significantly reduced the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii.
The seeds of fruits which are thrown away as waste can be used in medicinal and therapeutic purposes. The goal of this investigation was to find out antibacterial and cytotoxic potentialities of ...crude acetone and ethanol extracts of seeds of four common summer fruits, purchased from Khulna region, Bangladesh: Litchi chinensis (Lychee), Phoenix dactylifera (Date Palm), Syzigum cumini (Black Plum) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit). Extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method, followed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determination by colorimetric broth macro dilution method and plating method. The highest antibacterial activity was found from acetone extract of S. cumini against Salmonella typhi where zone of inhibition was 19.67±0.27 mm along with MIC 0.0585 mg/ml and MBC 0.2344 mg/ml. Acetone extract of S. cumini was found to have bactericidal effect on all microorganisms except bacteriostatic on E. coli and S. paratyphi and ethanol extract showed bactericidal effect on all the microorganisms tested. The cytotoxic activity was determined by brine shrimp lethality assay. Among all seed samples, P. dactylifera exerted relatively better cytotoxicity where LC50 value is below 100 µg/ml. The rest of the samples showed relatively less toxicity as LC50 value more than 100 µg/ml. Among all the seed samples, S. cumini showed most potential antibacterial activity with less cytotoxicity. Overall, the findings of the study endorse antibacterial activity of examined seed extracts with moderate cytotoxic activity, suggesting the isolation of active compounds thorough bioassays. J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2020; 3(3.000): 194-203
In Bangladesh, citrus is an important fruit crop that is becoming more commonly cultivated in commercial plantations. In March 2019, we observed yellowing, vein clearing, and mild mosaic symptoms in ...citron (
Citrus medica
). Based on systematic serological and molecular analyses of the symptomatic leaf samples, the
Citrus tristeza
virus (CTV) was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CTV and any citrus virus in Bangladesh.
The complete nucleotide sequences of
Beet pseudoyellows virus
(BPYV)-MI (cucumber isolate; Matsuyama, Idai) genomic RNAs 1 and 2 were determined and compared with the previously sequenced Japanese ...cucumber strain (BPYV-JC) and a strawberry strain (BPYV-S). The RNA 2 of BPYV-MI showed 99 % nucleotide sequence identity with both BPYV-JC and -S having highly conserved eight ORFs. In contrast, the RNA1 of BPYV-MI showed sequence identities of 98 and 86 % with BPYV-JC and -S, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) coding sequences from three fully sequenced BPYV strains and five partially sequenced cucurbit-infecting BPYV strains from Japan and South Africa has shown that cucurbit-infecting strains are closer to each other than to BPYV-S. In addition, the strawberry strain BPYV-S has an ORF2 in the downstream of RdRp gene in RNA1, but all the cucumber strains, BPYV-JC, -MI, and those from South Africa, lacked the ORF2 of RNA1, highlighting the difference between common BPYV cucumber strains and a unique strawberry strain.
Seeds of white hyacinth bean available in Khulna, Bangladesh were investigated to assess bioactivities such as antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. For the evaluation of bioactivities solvent ...extraction was performed by using 50% ethanol and 50% methanol. In the present study , in vitro antibacterial screening was done by the method known as disc diffusion assay. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity was screened by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Both the extracts exhibited excellent activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. For ethanolic extract of white hyacinth bean, maximum zone of inhibition was found 17.75 mm at 1000 μg/disc against Staphylococcus epidermidis and 16.75 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, for methanolic extract the maximum zone of inhibition was found as 17.25 mm for 1000 μg/disc against Escherichia coli and 16.75 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In comparision to ethanolic extract, methanolic extract was found to be more active against all tested microorganisms. Compared to vincristine sulphate (with LC50 of 0.99 μg/ml) both ethanolic and methanolic extracts of hyacinth bean seeds showed toxicity lower than 100 μg/ml and they were 34.67 μg/ml and 45.5 μg/ml, respectively. The LC50 values suggest moderate cytotoxicity of the tested samples. The experimental findings could be correlated with the traditional medicinal uses of the seeds of this plant and showed the rational for further investigation which would be required for isolating the possible bioactive constituents responsible for such activities. J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2018; 1(2.000): 49-54
Rice necrosis mosaic virus (RNMV) is a fungus-transmitted bymovirus that leads to losses in rice yield. This research tested ten rice cultivars (cvs) with different levels of resistance to RNMV. The ...lowest levels of RNMV RNA were found in two high-resistance cvs; the highest levels were found in the two low-resistance cvs. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 gene in rice (OsRDR6) was found to be the most highly expressed in two high-resistance cvs and the least expressed in two low-resistance cvs although its basal level of constitutive expression was similar among cvs. Plant growth and yields were also tested. The extent of RNMV RNA accumulation affected plant height, panicle/tiller numbers, and seed weight. The RNMV induced OsRDR6 expression level in the rest of cvs was more or less inversely correlated to RNMV RNA accumulation. The observed results suggest a close relationship between RNMV resistance and RNMV induced OsRDR6 expression level in these cvs.
Here we report a novel method to extract nucleic acids for virus detection. Plant tissue in a filter paper sandwich was hit with a hammer, and the crude sap was adsorbed by the filter paper, as in ...hammer blotting for tissue-print immunodetection of plant viruses. Nucleic acids were extracted from the paper with a guanidine-containing buffer and purified through standard extraction and precipitation. Both viral and cellular RNAs in the extracted RNA were detectable by RT-PCR. The blots can be stored at 4 °C for more than a few days to detect viral RNA, but not cellular RNA.
VGF (non-acronymic), belonging to a large granin family, gives rise to a number of bioactive peptides by proteolysis and exert an extensive array of biological effects on energy metabolism, pain ...modulation, gastric secretion function, reproduction, mood regulation, and, diabetes. Among VGF-derived peptides, TLQP-21 (The first four amino acids, in short TLQP (Thr-Leu-Gln-Pro) generalizes the nomenclature of the peptide by its length) is the most studied although little is known yet about downstream molecular mechanisms of action of VGF-derived peptides like TLQP-21. So here as a preliminary analysis, total protein expression was carried out in addition to the phosphoproteomic study of SH-SY5Y cells treated with TLQP-21, using the same cell extracts. Comparison of simple 1D SDS-PAGE gels stained with SYPRO® Ruby protein gel stain was carried out to assess whether changes in protein expression could be seen even at such low separation resolution. Expression of several proteins most likely Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MW 271 kDa), Tubulin beta chain (MW 57), Tubulin beta-4B chain (MW 50), Alpha-2-macroglobulin (MW 163), etc. in TLQP-21 treated and control samples was found significantly different, indicating that the peptide TLQP-21 exerts biological effects on SH-SY5Y cells. Further studies are required to validate the identity of the modulated proteins, obtained from mass spectrometry. Identification of modulated proteins after TLQP-21 treatment would open new avenues to discover the molecular mechanisms of its physiological and pharmacological state. J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2018; 1(2.000): 43-48
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