Worldwide, different studies have reported an association of alcohol-use disorder (AUD) with different types of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes for aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) ...and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). In Brazil, there is little information about the occurrence of these SNPs in the AUD population and an absence of studies characterizing the population in the Central-West Region of Brazil. Actually, in Brazil, there are more than 4 million people with AUD. Despite the major health hazards of AUD, information on alcohol consumption and its consequences are not well understood. Therefore, it is extremely important to characterize these SNPs for the better understanding of AUD as a genetic disease in the Brazilian population. The present study, unlike other studies in other countries, is done with a subject population that shows a significant amount of racial homogenization. We evaluated the presence of SNPs in the ADH (ADH1B, ADH1C, and ADH4) and ALDH (ALDH2) genes in alcohol users of Goiânia, State of Goiás – Brazil, and then we established a possible relationship with AUD by allelic and genotypic study. This study was conducted with a population of people with AUD (n = 99) from Goiás Alcohol Dependence Recovery Center (GO CEREA) and Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS AD), and with a population of people without AUD as controls (n = 100). DNA was extracted from whole-blood samples and the genotyping was performed using TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays. For characterization and evaluation of SNPs in the population, genotype frequency, allele frequency, haplotype frequency, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and linkage disequilibrium were analyzed. Statistical analyses were calculated by GENEPOP 4.5 and Haploview software. The allele 1 was considered as “wild” (or *1) and allele 2 as mutant (or *2). Significant differences were found for ADH1B*, ADH4*2, and ALDH2*2 SNPs when the genotype and allele frequencies were analyzed. In addition, four haplotypes were observed between ADH1B*2 and ADH1C*2 through linkage disequilibrium analysis. The genetic variants may be associated with protection against AUD in the population studied.
•This is the first case-control study to examine ADH and ALDH genes in the Central-West region of Brazil.•Four distinct haplotypes occur in the population: TC, TA, CC, and CA. CA is the most frequent haplotype.•A moderate imbalance in the ligation occurs between the SNPs ADH1B*2 and ADH1C*2.•ALDH2 may serve as a predictor for the development of alcohol-use disorder.
Derived compounds from lignin have been used as substrates for chemical and biological processes for obtainment bioproducts. The ferulic acid is a lignocellulosic biomass whose biotransformation in ...flavors compounds was described. The objective of this study was the bioconversion of ferulic acid to 4-vinylguaiacol by
Klebsiella pneumoniae
TD 4.7. The biotransformation of commercial ferulic acid into 4-vinylguaiacol in a semi synthetic liquid medium containing the ferulic acid at an initial concentration of 300 mg L
−1
reached 32.4%. The ferulic acid obtained from alkaline hydrolysis of the sugar cane bagasse at 300 mg L
−1
allowed the yield of 1.3 mmol L
−1
of 4-vinylguaiacol, corresponding to 81.7% of the ferulic acid content. The data indicated that the bacterial strain decarboxylated the ferulic acid to 4-vinylguaiacol and the presence of an active cell associated ferulic acid decarboxylase. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 5.5 and 40 °C and was stable at pH range 4.5 to 9.0 and temperature up 20 to 45 °C. According to these biochemical properties and performance to bioconversion of ferulic acid to 4-vinylguaiacol, this enzyme could be viable for application in food industry.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE NO ÂMBITO DA SAÚDE PÚBLICA Guilherme Pereira da Silva Marques, Victor; Gabrielle Pinto dos Santos, Ana; Passos Santos, Marks ...
RECISATEC - REVISTA CIENTÍFICA SAÚDE E TECNOLOGIA - ISSN 2763-8405,
07/2022, Volume:
2, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Open access
Analisar por meio da literatura existente acerca da importância da promoção da saúde no âmbito da saúde pública. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Baseou-se nos dados de Literatura ...Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) que teve como questão norteadora: “O que a literatura aborda acerca da importância da promoção da saúde no âmbito da saúde pública?”. Foram utilizados os descritores: “Atenção primária à saúde”, “Educação em saúde” e “Promoção da saúde” e “Saúde pública”, como critério de inclusão foram considerados: texto completo, idioma português, espanhol e inglês, que retratassem a temática em estudo, publicados nos anos 2012 a 2022, e como critério de exclusão: textos duplicados, incompletos e que não focaram no tema exposto. Os descritores foram cruzados através do operador booleano “AND” para busca simultânea dos assuntos. O empoderamento é uma das estratégias-chave do movimento de promoção da saúde e é considerada uma ferramenta capaz de contribuir para a elaboração de políticas públicas saudáveis e formar sujeitos críticos, autônomos e reflexivos perante a sociedade. Conclui-se que a promoção da saúde é muito importante na atenção primária, pois é a porta de entrada para os serviços públicos de saúde onde as pessoas vão procurar o primeiro atendimento.
INTRODUCTION: Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent type of endocrine cancer worldwide, being necessary to investigate possible associations with oncogenic viruses. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence ...of viral infection in thyroid tissue fragments obtained surgically in a public hospital in Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Observational, descriptive cross-sectional study of thyroid tumor surgical specimens examined for the presence of oncogenic viruses EBV and B19 by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Sixty samples were analyzed, of which 10 had EBV DNA and 13 B19 DNA. Pearson’ chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test for the association between viral presence and tumor histological type were not statistically significant for EBV (P-value = 0.6288) or B19 (P-value = 1.0). CONCLUSION: Partial results did not reveal a positive association between viral presence and histological type.
Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr BP) across ...3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr BP from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr BP, corroborating evidence of cultural change.
Asymptomatic Leishmania infantum, when associated with HIV, can become severe and potentially fatal. In this co-infection, the worst prognosis may be influenced by the host’s immunological aspects, ...which are crucial in determining susceptibility. Chemokines play an important role in this process by influencing the cellular composition at affected sites and impacting the disease’s outcome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate proinflammatory chemokines in HIV patients with the asymptomatic L. infantum infection. In this cross-sectional study, the levels of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, MIG, and IP-10 were measured in 160 serum samples from co-infected patients (n = 53), patients with HIV (n = 90), and negative controls (n = 17). Quantification was determined by flow cytometry. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Dunn’s post-test and the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Significance was set at p < 0.05. The chemokines CCL2, CCL5, MIG, and IP-10 exhibited higher levels in the HIV group compared to co-infection. However, the elevated levels of all these chemokines and their increased connectivity in co-infected patients appear to be important in identifying proinflammatory immune responses associated with the asymptomatic condition. Furthermore, a weak negative correlation was observed between higher levels of CXCL8 and lower viral loads in co-infected patients.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented need for epidemiological monitoring using diverse strategies. We conducted a project combining prevalence, seroprevalence, and genomic surveillance ...approaches to describe the initial pandemic stages in Betim City, Brazil. We collected 3239 subjects in a population-based age-, sex- and neighborhood-stratified, household, prospective; cross-sectional study divided into three surveys 21 days apart sampling the same geographical area. In the first survey, overall prevalence (participants positive in serological or molecular tests) reached 0.46% (90% CI 0.12-0.80%), followed by 2.69% (90% CI 1.88-3.49%) in the second survey and 6.67% (90% CI 5.42-7.92%) in the third. The underreporting reached 11, 19.6, and 20.4 times in each survey. We observed increased odds to test positive in females compared to males (OR 1.88 95% CI 1.25-2.82), while the single best predictor for positivity was ageusia/anosmia (OR 8.12, 95% CI 4.72-13.98). Thirty-five SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced, of which 18 were classified as lineage B.1.1.28, while 17 were B.1.1.33. Multiple independent viral introductions were observed. Integration of multiple epidemiological strategies was able to adequately describe COVID-19 dispersion in the city. Presented results have helped local government authorities to guide pandemic management.
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