Conocer las motivaciones de los adolescentes para el consumo de alcohol.
Metodología cualitativa con grupos de discusión.
Participaron 131 adolescentes (15-17 años) escolarizados en nueve institutos ...de Tarragona (España).
Estrategia de codificación sistemática, adaptada a los grupos de discusión. Se seleccionaron centros educativos a través de un muestreo intencional estratificado por niveles educativos (criterio de segmentación) y titularidad del centro (pública o privada). Los participantes de los grupos fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente dentro de los niveles educativos. El análisis de contenido se realizó siguiendo una estrategia de codificación abierta y flexible.
Se identifican motivaciones para consumir alcohol que giran en torno a seis dimensiones fundamentales: a) búsqueda de diversión y nuevas sensaciones, b) reducción del malestar, c) consumo por contagio social y presión de grupo, c) consumo como rito de iniciación en la vida adulta, d) disponibilidad ambiental del alcohol, y e) baja percepción de riesgo. Estos motivos variaron según el sexo del adolescente. En las chicas, la conducta de beber apareció relacionada con la superación de estados emocionales negativos, mientras que para los chicos primó la pertenencia al grupo de iguales: beber refuerza la masculinidad hegemónica y garantiza la complicidad entre pares. Los adolescentes consideraron que la información que reciben desde los centros educativos es suficiente, pero no motiva al cambio.
Las estrategias de salud pública focalizadas en la prevención de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes deben incorporar sus motivaciones para lograr una mayor eficiencia, prestando debida atención a las variables sexo/género.
To find out the motivations of adolescents for alcohol consumption.
Qualitative methodology with discussion groups.
131 adolescents (15-17 years old) enrolled in nine schools in Tarragona (Spain).
Systematic coding strategy, adapted to focus groups. Educational centers were selected through a stratified purposive sampling by educational levels (segmentation criterion) and ownership of the center (public or private). Participants within the educational levels were randomly selected for the groups. Content analysis was conducted using an open and flexible coding strategy.
Motivations for alcohol consumption were identified, revolving around six fundamental dimensions: a) seeking fun and new sensations, b) alleviating discomfort, c) consumption due to social contagion and group pressure, d) consumption as a rite of passage into adulthood, e) environmental availability of alcohol, and f) low perception of risk. This motivation varied according to the adolescent's gender. In girls, drinking behavior appeared related to overcoming negative emotional states, while for boys, belonging to the peer group took precedence: drinking reinforces hegemonic masculinity and ensures complicity among peers. Adolescents considered that the information they receive from educational centers is sufficient, but it does not motivate change.
Public health strategies focused on preventing alcohol consumption in adolescents should incorporate their motivations to achieve greater efficiency, paying due attention to sex/gender variables.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could predispose to both venous and arterial thromboembolism, in an exaggerated immune response to the virus, especially in severe patients. Even though aortic ...clots are a rare entity, the pro-coagulant nature of COVID-19 is associated with thrombosis in atypical locations and should be considered in patients with severe abnormalities in coagulation parameters. We describe a series of three cases of aortic thrombi diagnosed by computerized tomography (CT) angiography in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
En América Latina la automedicación es una práctica común, durante la pandemia causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, considerada como una emergencia sanitaria mundial que colapso los sistemas de ...atención y gestión de la salud, la utilización de medicamentos sin prescripción médica se incrementó en gran medida, como estrategia para tratar los signos y síntomas; entre los productos más manejados está el dióxido de cloro utilizado aun desconociéndose los posibles efectos tóxicos. Objetivo: efectuar una revisión sistemática del efecto y toxicidad del dióxido de cloro en la salud de la población de Latinoamérica durante la pandemia COVID-19 para alertar sobre su peligro potencial en el área de la salud. Metodología: se realizó una revisión de literatura mediante operadores booleanos tanto en español como en inglés en distintas bases de datos como Scielo, Elsevier, Medline, Redalyc, Google académico, LILACS, PubMed; se siguieron las pautas internacionales de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews. Resultados: varios estudios muestran la toxicidad generada por el dióxido de cloro durante la pandemia del COVID-19 determinando a Ecuador como el principal país de América Latina con mayor número de casos de intoxicación, información correlacionada con los organismos internacionales de salud pública. Conclusiones: actualmente no existe evidencia científica que avale el uso de dióxido de cloro o derivados con la finalidad de prevenir o tratar la COVID-19.
Jump height continues to be widely used to predict power in humans. Individual progress is often monitored on the basis of estimated power, but prediction equations are based on group data. The ...objective of the study was to show that vertical jump performance (VJP) and mechanical power are poorly associated, particularly within individuals. Two experiments are presented. First, 52 physically active male college students performed five maximal vertical jumps each. Second, three young male participants performed 50 maximal jumps each. Participants rested for 1 minute between jumps. VJP was calculated from kinematic data as peak body center of mass (BCOM) minus standing BCOM; peak power (PEAKPWR) was calculated from the vertical ground reaction force registered by a force plate, and average power (MEANPWR) during propulsion from the change in potential energy of BCOM. Regression analyses were performed using standardized VJP scores as the predictor variable and standardized power scores as the resulting variables, expecting an identity function of y = x (intercept = 0, slope = 1) and R2 = 1. In experiment 1, the model for zPEAKPWR R2 = 0.9707 (p < 0.0001) but slope (0.3452) ≠ 1 (p < 0.0001). The model for zMEANPWR R2 = 0.9239 (p < 0.0001); nevertheless, slope (0.4257) ≠ 1 (p < 0.0001). In experiment 2, all individual models for zPEAKPWR and zMEANPWR resulted in poor associations (R2 ≤ 0.21) and slopes ≠ 1 (p≤0.001). In conclusion, regression analysis for individuals, and even for groups, confirms that VJP is a poor predictor of mechanical power.
Virtual surgical planning allows orthognathic surgeons to design a surgical plan preoperatively and establish a personalized surgical protocol. This study aims to validate the predictability and ...accuracy of orthognathic surgery through a comparison of the three-dimensional (3D) models of the virtual planning and postoperative CBCT using free software (3D Slicer) on 40 patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. The distances of point A, point B, pogonion (Pog), and the first upper and lower molars, both in each axis (x, y, and z) and in the 3D space, were analyzed. The median of the distances in the mediolateral direction was the lowest, while the highest differences were found at point A and Pog in the anteroposterior direction (0.83 mm and 0.78 mm, respectively). Vertical differences were higher in the maxilla than in the mandible. In conclusion, we found that orthognathic bimaxillary surgery using virtual surgical planning was more accurate when positioning the bone segments in the mediolateral direction, using the information provided by the splint, as well as when positioning the mandible compared to the maxilla.
There are evidences that physical exercise is an effective instrument for improving physical fitness, health, and quality of life and causes beneficial effects on the symptoms of patients with ...fibromyalgia. The purpose of this study was to analyze effects of a functional training program on pain, fitness, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia in a 9-year prospective longitudinal cohort study. Forty women with fibromyalgia participated in this study; 24 received an exercise program and were called the active group; and 16 were the control group. Tender points, visual analogical scale (VAS) of pain, physical fitness, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), and Short-Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) were analyzed. The active group experienced significant improvements in FIQ, TP, and VAS (P < .001), whereas the control group showed significant worsening in the FIQ scale (P = .004). Moreover, the active group experienced significant improvements in leg strength (P < .001), balance (P = .033), cardiorespiratory fitness (P < .001), emotional role (P = .024), and mental health (P = .025); whereas the control group significantly worsened on handgrip strength (P = .017), balance (P = .043), cardiorespiratory fitness (P = .020), and in general health (P < .001). A Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the improvement in physical fitness variables and the improvements in FIQ, TP, and VAS. In conclusion, a regular practice of moderate-intensity physical activity shows a positive effect long-term on fitness, pain, the impact of the disease, and the quality of life in women with fibromyalgia.
We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 150 patients with diabetic foot infections (DFIs) who underwent surgical treatment to determine long-term outcomes. The median follow-up of the series was 7.6 ...years. Cox’s proportional hazards model for survival time was performed and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated. Survival times were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Fifteen patients (10%) required readmission after discharge from the hospital for a recurrence of the infection. Ninety patients (60%) had re-ulcerations. Forty-nine (54.4% of those re-ulcerated) required new admission and 24 of them (26.6% of those re-ulcerated) finally required a new amputation. Overall cumulative survival rates at 1, 5, and 8 years were 95%, 78%, and 64%, respectively. Predictive variables of long-term mortality were insulin treatment (HR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6, P = .01), female sex (HR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.7-5.3, P<.01) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (HR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.2, P = .01). In conclusion, patients undergoing surgical treatment for DFIs had a high rate of recurrences and mortality. Women, patients who underwent treatment with insulin, and those with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 had a higher risk of long-term mortality.
Lichens are significant components of the biological soil crust communities in gypsum ecosystems and are involved in several processes related to ecosystem functioning, such as water and nutrient ...cycles or protection against soil erosion. Although numerous studies centered on lichen taxonomy and ecology have been performed in these habitats, global information about lichen species from gypsum substrates or their distributional ranges at a global scale is lacking. Thus, we compiled a global data set of recorded lichen species growing on gypsum. This review is based on systematic searches in two bibliographic databases (Web of Science and the more specialized database Mattick's Literature Index) using various keywords related to the substrate or ecology (i.e., gypsum, gypsiferous, semiarid, saxicolous, terricolous). In addition, we revised lichen literature from countries with gypsum soils using Mattick's, Hamburg University's Worldwide checklist, and different national lichen checklists. Ultimately the review includes a total of 321 studies. This data set included 6114 specimen records belonging to 336 recorded lichen species from 26 countries throughout the world. The results showed large differences in the number of species recorded among countries, reflecting differences in the sampling effort. We provide a table with the number of studies and species in relation to gypsum surface in order to account for the bias produced by sampling effort. The number of studies carried out per country was not related to the gypsum surface but probably to other factors, such as accessibility to field sampling, economic or political factors, or the presence of a wider community of lichenologists. Thus, Spain and Germany hosted the highest number of recorded species (160 and 114 species, respectively). Outside the European continent, only a few countries had a large number of species: Morocco (46), United States (42), and Iran (37). Remarkably, countries from the southern hemisphere (i.e., Australia, Chile, Namibia, and South Africa) showed a low number of studies from gypsum lands, supporting the stated biases observed in sampling efforts among countries. Considering the most studied countries, the results show that Teloschistaceae was the most represented family in gypsum ecosystems followed by Verrucariaceae and Cladoniaceae. Regarding particular species, Psora decipiens and Squamarina lentigera were some of the most widespread and abundant species in these habitats. This data set constitutes a basic and first step toward a much more comprehensive database, to be periodically updated in future releases, which also serves to identify countries or territories where future studies should be accomplished. There are no copyright restrictions on the data; please cite this data paper if the data are used in publications and teaching events.
Abstract
The role of Rad53 in response to a DNA lesion is central for the accurate orchestration of the DNA damage response. Rad53 activation relies on its phosphorylation by Mec1 and its own ...autophosphorylation in a manner dependent on the adaptor Rad9. While the mechanism behind Rad53 activation has been well documented, less is known about the processes that counteract its activity along the repair of a DNA adduct. Here, we describe that PP4 phosphatase is required to avoid Rad53 hyper-phosphorylation during the repair of a double-strand break, a process that impacts on the phosphorylation status of multiple factors involved in the DNA damage response. PP4-dependent Rad53 dephosphorylation stimulates DNA end resection by relieving the negative effect that Rad9 exerts over the Sgs1/Dna2 exonuclease complex. Consequently, elimination of PP4 activity affects resection and repair by single-strand annealing, defects that are bypassed by reducing Rad53 hyperphosphorylation. These results confirm that Rad53 phosphorylation is controlled by PP4 during the repair of a DNA lesion and demonstrate that the attenuation of its kinase activity during the initial steps of the repair process is essential to efficiently enhance recombinational DNA repair pathways that depend on long-range resection for their success.
Las relaciones atraviesan por diferentes situaciones que pueden generar inestabilidad y disgustos o conflictos entre los miembros de la pareja, que repercuten en ella favoreciendo la insatisfacción, ...frustración o hasta el término de la relación afectando en gran medida la salud y el bienestar de la persona. Por dicha razón, el objetivo principal fue conocer la relación entre los motivos e importancia del conflicto con la salud y la satisfacción con la relación. Para ello se trabajó con 240 personas (50% mujeres y 50% hombres), con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 75 años que se encontraron dentro de una de las cuatro etapas del ciclo de la pareja: desarrollo, mantenimiento con hijos pequeños y grandes y disolución.
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