This study was performed to determine the arterial vessels of the cranial cervical ganglia of 7 adult roe deer. Latex coloured with a red dye was injected to blood vessels of the cranial cervical ...ganglion and these vessels were observed with detailed dissections. Especially, the occipital artery and branches that extended to the mandibular gland and to the medial retropharyngeal lenf node of the ascending palatine artery were responsible for the vascularization of the cranial cervical ganglion. Furthermore, the vessel that supplied muscles at the cervical region and separated from the common carotid artery, the ascending pharyngeal artery and middle meningeal artery also participated in the vascularization of the ganglion.
This study was carried out to investigate the bony structures relevant to skull of roe deer, sheep and goat. The skull of five sheep weighing 45-50 kg, three goat weighing 50-60 kg and five roe deer ...weighing 20-25 kg were used in this study. Macerations of the cranium were performed by the boiling method. The skull of the roe deer was notably similar to that of sheep with the presence of external lacrimal fossa, and to the goat with due to the presence of two points (lateral and medial) on the septal process and a significant fissure formed between the nasal, lacrimal, frontal and maxillary bones. In addition to these similarities, the formations which were specific to the roe deer were structures such as the number and position of the lacrimal foramen and presence of an uncertain muscular tubercle in the basilar portion of the occipital bone. In addition, the craniometric parameters specific to the roe deer’s skull were determined as the zygomatic, interor- bital, neurocranium and nasal lengths.
Other primary headache disorders (OPHD) are under-investigated compared to frequent primary headache types like migraine, tension-type headache, and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Knowledge of ...the distribution and characteristics of OPHD subtypes is crucial for their recognition. We aimed to determine the prevalence at the hospital and headache clinics and clinical characteristics of OPHDs in patients from 13 countries.
We analyzed a large dataset from the cross-sectional study Head-MENA-A (Middle East, North Africa, Asia). Consecutive patients over 10 years of age presenting with headaches were included from outpatient, inpatient, and emergency settings. A structured questionnaire addressing demographics, headache characteristics, accompanying symptoms, and triggers was administered. Headache subtypes were diagnosed according to the ICHD-3 criteria.
Among patients complaining of headaches (n = 3722), 106 (2.9%) were diagnosed with OPHD. Fifty-two patients (1.4% of all headache patients) had only OPHD, while 54 (1.5%) had both OPHD and a co-existing primary headache (mostly migraine). All OPHDs were more common in females. The most frequent subtypes were new daily persistent headache and primary stabbing headache (0.2% each among all admitted patients). Photophobia and phonophobia were the most frequent accompanying symptoms, while physical activity (28.8%), stress (15.4%), and the Valsalva maneuver (15.4%) were the most common triggering factors. The majority of triggering factors were more pronounced in patients with both migraine and OPHD.
Other primary headaches are rare and heterogeneous. Their high co-existence with migraine suggests shared predisposing factors, hinting at a "headache continuum" concept for primary headaches.
BackgroundFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by self-limiting recurrent episodes/attacks of fever, serositis, arthritis, and erysipelas-like erythema1. ...Musculoskeletal manifestations such as arthralgia, enthesitis, exertional leg pain, myalgia, sacroiliitis, and lower extremity synovitis are also common in FMF 2. The fact that the disease progresses with lifelong persistent inflammation, as well as attacks of arthritis, synovitis, and enthesitis in the lower extremities, decreased lower extremity proprioception, muscle weakness, osteopenia, and fatigue, suggests that patients with FMF may develop a balance disorder.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between static and dynamic balance in patients with Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).MethodsFMF patients who met the modified Tel Hashomer criteria and healthy volunteers were included in the study. The demographic data,clinical characteristics, Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score(MASES) and International Severity Scoring System(ISSF) of FMF patients were evaluated. The balance performance was determined by the Berg Balance Scale(BBS), Functional Reach Test(FRT),Time Up and Go(TUG) tests, and Single Leg Stance(SLS) tests.ResultsWhen the patient and control groups were compared in terms of BBS, FRT, TUG and SLS tests, scores in the patient group were statistically worse in all evaluations. FMF patients who were at risk of falling were older with longer disease duration(p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). VAS scores during attack, presence of arthralgia and amyloidosis were higher in patients at risk of falling(p=0.032, p=0.002, p<0.001, respectively). ISSF and MASES scores of patients at risk of falling were significantly higher than those of patients without(p>0.001 and p=0.001,respectively).ConclusionOur results demonstrated that the dynamic and static balance in FMF patients was worse than the healthy subjects. Longer and more severe disease, presence of enthesitis and amyloidosis may further contribute to deteriorated balance.References1-Chetrit E, Levy M. Familial Mediterranean fever. Lancet (London, England). 1998;351(9103):659-64.2Brik R, Shinawi M, Kasinetz L, Gershoni-Baruch R. The musculoskeletal manifestations of familial Mediterranean fever in children genetically diagnosed with the disease. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2001;44(6):1416-9.Table 2.Comparison of static and dynamic balance scores and number of patients with fall risk in the patient and control groupsPatients (n=94)Controls (n=90)pBBS, cm, median (IQR)56 (3)56 (0)<0.0001FRT, sec, median (IQR)29 (9)31 (5)0.002TUG, sec, median (IQR)7.44 (1.21)7.3 (0.46)0.007SLS, sec, median (IQR) Eyes open, (R)34 (19.5)39 (8.5)0.003 Eyes closed, (R)11 (5.93)12 (4.03)0.009 Eyes open, (L)33 (20.48)38.5 (9.25)0.003 Eyes closed, (L)11.2 (6)11.45 (4.05)0.020Patients with fall risk, n (%)27 (28.7)5 (5.6)<0.0001BBS: berg balance scale, cm: centimeter, FRT: functional reach test, L: left, R: right, sec: second, SLS: single leg stance test, TUG: timed up and go testAcknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
PDF
