The most severe effects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are loss of physical function and chronic pain, which may have a major impact on different areas of the person's existence. The aim of this study ...was to get an insight into the quality of life (QOL) in subjects with RA in connection with pain perception and functional ability. The following instruments were used: the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain). The results indicated that there was no statistical difference in the QOL between subjects with RA and healthy population according to SF-36 Croatian norms. Also, the results showed that stronger pain experience was significantly associated with poorer social functioning assessment (SF36SF, Spearman's rho=-0.463, p<0.05), poorer general health perception (SF36GH, Spearman's rho=-0.432, p<0.05) and poorer physical functioning (WHOPH, Spearman's rho=-0.688, p<0.01). Furthermore, the subjects evaluating their general functional state worse were found to have worse physical functioning (SF36PF, Spearman's rho=-0.699 and WHOPH, Spearman's rho=-0.769), poorer social functioning (SF36SF, Spearman's rho=-0.580) and experienced greater pain intensity (SF36BP, Spearman's rho=-0.652). Therefore, additional efforts should be invested to define a holistic and integrative model of treatment and rehabilitation of people with RA, focused on pain relief, improvement of functional ability, encouraging social interaction and supporting positive emotional responses.
The aim was to assess the prevalence of chronic multimorbidity in patients with chronic low back pain or other chronic back disorders (BD). We analyzed data from the population-based cross-sectional ...European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) performed in the Republic of Croatia 2014-2015 by the Croatian Institute of Public Health. Outcome was the point-prevalence of chronic multimorbidity defined as having ≥2 chronic illnesses out of 14 contained in the EHIS questionnaire, after adjustment for ten sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle confounders. Amoung fourteen targeted illnesses were asthma, allergies, hypertension, urinary incontinence, kidney diseases, coronary heart disease or angina pectoris, neck disorder, arthrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, stroke, depression, and the common category "other". We analyzed data on 268 participants with BD and 511 without it. Participants with BD had a significantly higher relative risk of any chronic multimorbidity (RRadj=2.12; 95% CI 1.55, 2.99; p<0.001), as well as of non-musculoskeletal chronic multimorbidity (RRadj=2.29; 95% CI 1.70, 3.08; p=0.001) than participants without BD. All chronic comorbidities except for asthma and liver cirrhosis were significantly more prevalent in participants with BD than in participants without BD. In the population with BD, the participants with multimorbidity had three to four times higher odds for unfavorable self-reported health outcomes than the participants with no comorbid conditions, whereas the existence of only one comorbidity was not significantly associated with a worse outcome compared to the population with no comorbidities. In conclusion, the population suffering from BD has a higher prevalence of chronic multimorbidity than the population without BD and this multimorbidity is associated with unfavorable health outcomes.
Tjelesna aktivnost i osteoporoza Grazio, Simeon; Balen, Diana
Medicus (Zagreb, Croatia : 1992),
10/2019, Volume:
28, Issue:
2 Tjelesna aktivnost
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Osteoporoza je sistemska koštana bolest karakterizirana smanjenom koštanom masom i poremećenom mikroarhitekturom, što za posljedicu ima krhkost kostiju i povišen rizik od razvoja prijeloma. Za razvoj ...osteoporoze u starijoj dobi kritična je vršna koštana masa dosegnuta u mladosti. Tjelesna aktivnost, poglavito vježbe s opterećenjem i one jakog intenziteta, s vjerojatnim mehanizmom mehaničkog stresa i indukcije osteoblasta, imaju važnu ulogu u postizanju vršne koštane mase te prevenciji osteoporoze i osteoporotskih prijeloma. Osobama različitih dobnih skupina, ovisno o komorbiditetu, čimbenicima rizika od padova i prijeloma, ali i afinitetu prema određenim sportovima, preporučuju se različite tjelesne aktivnosti radi zaštite zdravlja kosti. Djeci i mladima radi postizanja maksimalne vršne koštane mase preporučuje se bavljenje sportovima kao što su košarka, odbojka, gimnastika odnosno aktivnostima s otporom, ponajprije onim antigravitacijskima. U žena, a napose nakon menopauze tjelesna aktivnost trebala bi uključivati vježbe snaženja mišića, aerobik, trening jakog intenziteta i/ili antigravitacijske vježbe radi smanjenja gubitka mineralne koštane mase. Program vježbanja za osobe s osteoporozom trebao bi sadržavati i vježbe posture, koordinacije i ravnoteže, hoda, snaženja mišića zdjeličnog obruča te mišića stabilizatora trupa. Osobe s verificiranim prijelomom kralješka u kroničnoj fazi trebale bi provoditi vježbe koordinacije i ravnoteže te vježbe snaženja mišića ekstenzora kralježnice. Rehabilitacijski program nakon osteoporotske frakture kuka uključuje uglavnom vježbe opsega pokreta, snaženja mišića, vježbe hoda i ravnoteže te funkcionalni trening. Pri osmišljavanju programa treninga za prevenciju ili liječenje osteoporoze nužno je individualno planiranje. Vježbe bi trebale biti specifične i postupno progresivne pri postizanju jačine intenziteta ili opterećenja kosti te se provoditi kontinuirano.
Sindrom tarzalnog tunela (STT) relativno je rijetka kompresivna mononeuropatija donjih ekstremiteta uzrokovana kompresijom tibijalnog živca ili njegovih ogranaka (medijalnog ili lateralnog plantarnog ...živca) u području tarzalnog kanala. Pripada skupini kanalikularnih sindroma, a iako puno rjeđi, može se smatrati ekvivalentnim sindromu karpalnog tunela. Klinički se očituje pojavom boli, poglavito u medijalnom dijelu tabana te žarenjem i trncima u području prva tri prsta stopala. Uz kliničku procjenu, za dijagnosticiranje ove neuropatije najčešće se koriste elektrodijagnostičke pretrage – elektroneurografija (ENG) i elektromiografija (EMG), te ultrazvučna pretraga. Liječenje STT-a može biti konzervativno i kirurško. Konzervativno liječenje preporučuje se bolesnicima s lakšim do umjerenim tegobama, dok se kirurško liječenje provodi u bolesnika s težim oštećenjima. Cilj je ovog preglednog rada prikazati novije spoznaje vezane za STT s naglaskom na potvrdu kliničke dijagnoze najčešće korištenim dijagnostičkim pretragama kao što su elektroneurografija (ENG) i elektromiografija (EMG) te ultrazvučni pregled.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is relatively rare compressive mononeuropathy of lower extremities caused by compression of tibial nerve and its associated branches (medial and lateral plantar nerve) in tarsal tunnel. It is one of canalicular sindromes, although much less common, and is equivalent of carpal tunnel syndrome. Clinically it is presented with pain in medial foot aspect, numbness and parestesia in the first three toes. Beside clinical assessement, diagnosis of this neuropathy is made by the use of electrodiagnostic procedures of neurography (ENG) and electromiography (EMG) and diagnostic ultrasound imaging. The management of tarsal tunnel syndrome can be conservative or operative. Patients with light to moderate simptoms are treated conservatively while those with severe damage undergo operative treatment. The aim of this systematic narrative review is to scrutinize the literature to date of TTS with emphasis on clinical diagnosis validation via neurography (ENG) and electromiography (EMG), and diagnostic ultrasound.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is high and increasing worldwide. Patients usually use CAM in addition to conventional medicine, mainly to treat pain. In a large number of ...cases, people use CAM for chronic musculoskeletal pain as in osteoarthritis, back pain, neck pain, or fibromyalgia. Herewith, a review is presented of CAM efficacy in treating musculoskeletal pain for which, however, no scientific research has so far provided evidence solid enough. In some rare cases where adequate pain control cannot be achieved, CAM might be considered in rational and individual approach based on the first general rule in medicine "not to harm" and on the utility theory of each intervention, i.e. according to the presumed mechanism of painful stimulus and with close monitoring of the patient's response. Further high quality studies are warranted to elucidate the efficacy and side effects of CAM methods. Therefore, conventional medicine remains the main mode of treatment for patients with musculoskeletal painful conditions.
Diljem svijeta zabilježen je porast učestalosti uporabe proizvoda i usluga komplementarne i alternativne medicine (KAM). Bolesnici primjenjuju KAM zajedno s metodama konvencionalne medicine i to ...prvenstveno za liječenje boli. U velikom broju slučajeva radi se o kroničnoj mišićnokoštanoj boli, primjerice kod osteoartitisa, križobolje, vratobolje ili fibromijalgije. U ovom se preglednom radu prikazuje učinkovitost KAM u liječenju mišićnokoštane boli, za koju zasada ne postoje čvrsti znanstveni dokazi. U nekih, i to rijetkih bolesnika u kojih se nikako ne može postići zadovoljavajuća kontrola boli eventualno bi se mogla razmotriti mogućnost primjene KAM u sklopu racionalnog i individualnog pristupa temeljenog na općem pravilu „ne štetiti bolesniku” i na korisnosti primjene tih metoda u pojedinog bolesnika, odnosno u skladu s pretpostavljenim mehanizmom bolnog podražaja, a uza strogo praćenje terapijskog odgovora. Postoji potreba za studijama visoke kvalitete kojima bi se razjasnilo pitanje učinkovitosti i nuspojava KAM. Stoga konvencionalna medicina ostaje glavni način liječenja bolesnika s bolnim mišićnokoštanim stanjima.
Vratobolja je jedna od najčešćih mišićnokoštanih bolesti koja rezultira značajnom boli i nesposobnosti te ima velik utjecaj na individualnoj razini, kao i na zdravstveni sustav i društvo u cjelini. ...Uzroci vratobolje su različiti, a etiološki prevladavaju oni mehanički povezani s degenerativnim promjenama vratne kralježnice. Svjedočimo raznim dijagnostičkim i terapijskim pristupima za ove bolesnike. Hrvatsko vertebrološko društvo Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora predstavlja sveobuhvatni narativni pregled i smjernice za dijagnozu i liječenje bolesnika s vratoboljom, s naglaskom na najčešće uzroke. Smjernice su rezultat konsenzusa stručnjaka različitih specijalnosti, a temelje se na najboljim dokazima. Prvi dio se odnosi na dijagnostiku, a drugi, njemu komplementarni dio odnosi se na terapiju. Dijagnostički dio smjernica (1. dio) obuhvaća: klinička obilježja i evaluaciju (uključivo strukturirane upitnike), laboratorijsku dijagnostiku, slikovne metode, neurofiziološko testiranje i minimalno invazivne dijagnostičke procedure. Dio smjernica o liječenju (2. dio) uključuje: farmakološko liječenje, tjelesne medicinske vježbe, trakciju, manualnu terapiju, metode fizikalne terapije, primjenu ortoza, minimalno invazivne terapijske intervencije, kirurško liječenje, rehabilitaciju nakon kirurških zahvata i psihijatrijski pristup. Ovo su prve hrvatske smjernice za vratobolju primarno namijenjene liječničkoj profesionalnoj zajednici.
Neck pain is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases which results in considerable pain and disability, and has a great impact on individual level, as well as on health-care system, and ...overall society. Causes of neck pain are different, and prevailing aetiology are mechanical reasons associated with degenerative changes of cervical spine. We are witnessing various diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these patients. The Croatian Society for Vertebrology of the Croatian Medical Association is presenting a comprehensive narrative review and guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of neck pain, focusing on the most prevalent causes. The guidelines are the result of consensus of experts of different background, based on the best available evidence. Part 1 relates to diagnosis, while the complementary Part 2 relates to treatment. For the diagnostic part (Part 1) the guidelines encompass: clinical features and evaluation (including questionnaires), laboratory tests, imaging, neurophysiology tests, and minimally invasive diagnostic procedures. The management part (Part 2) includes: pharmacology treatment, physical exercise, traction, manual therapies, physical therapy modalities, orthotics, minimally invasive therapeutic interventions, surgical treatment, rehabilitation after surgical procedures, and psychiatric approach. These are the first Croatian guidelines for neck pain intended in the first place for the physicians’ professional community.
Neck pain is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases which results in considerable pain and disability, and has a great impact on individual level, as well as on health-care system, and ...overall society. Causes of neck pain are different, and prevailing aetiology are mechanical reasons associated with degenerative changes of cervical spine. We are witnessing various diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these patients. The Croatian Society for Vertebrology of the Croatian Medical Association is presenting a comprehensive narrative review and guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of neck pain, focusing on the most prevalent causes. The guidelines are the result of consensus of experts of different background, based on the best available evidence. This part (Part 1) relates to diagnosis, while the complementary part (Part 2) relates to treatment. For the diagnostic part (Part 1) the guidelines encompass: clinical features and evaluation (including questionnaires), laboratory tests, imaging, neurophysiology tests, and minimally invasive diagnostic procedures. The management part (Part 2) includes: pharmacology treatment, physical exercise, traction, manual therapies, physical therapy modalities, orthotics, minimally invasive therapeutic interventions, surgical treatment, rehabilitation after surgical procedures, and psychiatric approach. These are the first Croatian guidelines for neck pain intended in the first place for the physicians’ professional community.
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