One of the uses of coconut milk scheme is for the production of Nata De Skim Santan using Acetobacter xylinum bacteria and the addition of tofu whey substrate. This study aims to determine the effect ...of whey concentration on the characteristics of nata de coconut milk and the right optimum whey concentration on making nata de coconut milk. The independent variable used X1= Whey concentration with a lower limit of 0% (-1) and an upper limit of 50% (+1). The responses observed were yield (Y1), nata thickness (Y2), and moisture content (Y3). The results showed that the use of whey concentration had an influence on the characteristics of nata de coconut milk with Fvalue for the yield model, thickness model, moisture content model, and whey was 17.94, 24.83, 14.72, and 14.72. The optimum concentration of whey that is right for making nata de coconut milk was 49.07% with a desirability value of 0.89, the optimum yield was 29.71%, the optimum thickness was 1.13 cm, and the optimum moisture content was 89.7%.
Neem plant is rich in bioactive constituents, which make it massively discussed the treatment of various diseases. A study on the immunomodulatory activities of neem is given here. This current work ...aimed to investigate the effects of neem leaf extract on immunocompetent cells. In vivo experiment was carried out using mice (Mus musculus) Â induced with DMBA, comprising positive control, negative control, and treatments of neem leaf extracts (250, 500, and 1000 ppm). Data obtained from flow cytometric analysis were evaluated using BD Cellquest ProTM software, then statistically analyzed in SPSS version 21. Parametric analysis in one-way ANOVA was performed at a significance level of 5%. The significant difference was compared in the Duncan test. The results showed that administration of neem leaf extracts significantly affected the expression of CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, CD62L, IL-10, and IL-17 cells .Neem leaf extract has immunomodulatory activities by increasing pressure molecules and decreasing pro-inflammatory molecules
Susu kedelai merupakan minuman sumber protein nabati. Permasalahan susu kedelai ada 2, yakni stabilitas rendah dan tinggi kalori, karena memakai pemanis gula tebu. Tujuan penelitian ini membuat ...minuman susu kedelai yang menunjukkan stabilitas tinggi dan rendah kalori, dengan membuat formula yang terdiri atas: susu kedelai, menambahkan tepung glukomanan porang dan mengganti gula pasir dengan gula aren. 16 total perlakuan dirancang dengan metode Mixture Optimal Custom Design (MOCD) memakai Design Expert Versi 13, dengan 3 variabel bebas: proporsi susu kedelai, tepung glukomanan porang dan gula aren. Respon percobaan: total gula dan stabilitas susu kedelai. Hasil verifikasi dibandingkan dengan susu kedelai komersil merk: “Soybaru”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan formula optimum (prediksi DX) adalah: susu kedelai 88,5 g, proporsi glukomanan (GM) porang 1,5 g dan gula aren 10 g, dimana kandungan total gula sebesar 4,41% dan stabilitas 97,51% dengan nilai desirability 91,8%. Uji verifikasi menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata (p<0,05) dengan prediksi DX formula susu kedelai. Susu kedelai hasil verifikasi menunjukkan data kadar total gula 4,72% dan stabilitas 97,67%. Mutu susu kedelai hasil verifikasi dengan susu kedelai komersial merk ”Soybaru” berbeda sangat nyata (p-value<0,001) untuk respon total gula dan stabilitas, namun tidak berbeda nyata (p-value >0,05), untuk kadar protein, total lemak, pH, bau, rasa, warna dan penerimaan secara keseluruhan.
Limbah rumah tangga didominasi 57% oleh limbah organik seperti potongan buah, sayur, dan jenis potongan makanan lainnya. Limbah sampah organik ini perlu ditangani untuk mengurangi jumlah limbah ...organik. Tiga jenis sampel Eco-Enzyme dari 5 jenis limbah buah, 10 jenis limbah buah, dan rantes (daun cemara udang) yang ditambahkan pada fermentasi 5 jenis limbah buah serta difermentasi lebih lanjut selama 1 bulan, dikarakterisasi sifat fisikokimia, mikrobiologis, dan kandungan senyawa bioaktif dengan metode FTIR. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara deskriptif untuk analisis fitokimia, kadar total angka lempeng bakteri, dan senyawa gugus fungsi dengan FTIR. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh data karakter sifat fitokimia, fisikokimia, dan gugus fungsi senyawa pada Eco-Enzyme. Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 kali ulangan dipakai untuk menganalisis data aktifitas enzim lipase, dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga jenis sampel aktif mengandung enzim lipase dengan pH rendah (<4,0), total angka lempeng bakteri sekitar 104 cfu/ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan uji fitokimia didukung oleh hasil analisis FTIR. Uji buih positif Eco-Enzyme dapat dipakai sebagai bahan sabun. Kadar aktifitas lipase positif dengan hasil tertinggi pada sampel Eco-Enzyme terbuat dari 10 jenis limbah buah. Total angka lempeng bakteri rendah. pH rendah (<4,0) Eco-Enzyme dari tiga jenis sampel menunjukkan Eco-Enzyme aman untuk dipakai. Kesimpulan dari riset ini adalah Eco-Enzyme mengandung senyawa fenol dan turunannya, kecuali alkaloid, aktifitas lipase cukup tinggi, pH rendah, dan total angka lempeng bakteri rendah.
This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature and time of the pregelatinization process on the physical and functional properties of pregelatinized and native walur starch using the central ...composite design method of response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Several analyses, including rapid visco analyzer (RVA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were used to characterize an optimum pregelatinized walur starch (PWS). The optimum conditions for producing PWS were at 87.51oC and 9.71 minutes. The experimental verification data, repeated three times, were not significantly different (P>0.05) from the prediction optimization data generated by the Design Expert Software 7.1.5 Trial Version, which produces PWS with 19.56 ± 0.68 % swelling, 9.87 ± 0.18 % solubility and 835.62 ± 0.84 % water holding capacity (WHC). The result from RVA analysis showed that the pregelatinization process of walur starch increases the peak, final and setback viscosity, peak time, and pasting temperatures but decreases breakdown viscosity. Native walur starch (NWS) had a more crystalline form than PWS on XRD analysis. The SEM analysis revealed that NWS had smooth surface granules compared to PWS granules.
Akway (Drimys piperita Hook f.) was known as an endogenous plant of Indonesia. This plant was investigated as free radical scavenger based on paramagnetic properties. This study aimed to identify the ...bioactive compound and the role of Fe metals ions to enhance the free radical scavenger capacity as Low molecular weight antioxidant (LWMA) of akway. This study was designed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with ultra-high-resolution time of flight-mass spectrometry detector (TOF-MS), docking (Pyrex and Discovery Studio 2016 Client) and pharmacokinetic properties prediction (SwissADME). UPLC-TOF-MS analysis showed that herbal akway bark has five molecular formula (C4H3N10O21-, C14H19N4O91-, C4H7N6O51-, C15H28NO31+, and C23H32NO71+). The docking was illustrated the complex binding akway formula with Fe and its role as a metal donor and metal acceptor. It also confirmed on pharmacokinetics properties prediction which molecular compounds of akway have aqueous solubility. It meant the herbal akway bark complexed to Fe could be a low molecular weight antioxidant and it could be escalated free radical scavenger capacity
Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a source of glucomannan in Indonesia, and a potential agent for diabetes mellitus treatment, apart from konjac. This study aims to determine the potential of ...porang flour formulation as a therapeutic agent for diabetes mellitus, especially type-2 diabetes mellitus. Soluble fiber, water absorption capacity(WAC), disintegration time, and viscosity of porang flour (PF) and porang flour formulation (PFF: consist of 85% porang flour, 1.03% k-carrageenan flour, 12% inulin flour, and 1.97% modified cassava flour (MOCAF)) were scrutinized. Twenty-eight male albino Wistar rats were randomly split into seven experimental groups. Five groups consisting of diabetic rats were treated using porang flour (300 mg/kg bw); low, middle, and high doses of porang flour formulation (100, 300, 500 mg/kg bw, respectively); and metformin (51.38 mg/kg bw). The rest were normal, and the diabetic (DM) control group. PF, PFF, and metformin were orally administered to the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats per day for four weeks of the experiment. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels of the blood plasma were measured, while the pancreas was used for immunohistochemical study and β-cells quantification. ANOVA was employed to analyze the data, followed by Honestly Significance Difference using Minitab version 17.0. The result indicated a significant effect of PF, PFF, and metformin on decreasing FPG and MDA and increasing the number of pancreatic β- cells in DM rats. Porang flour (300 mg/kg bw) and middle-dose PFF are potential therapeutic agents for type-2 DM.
Kulit dan jerami buah nangka berpotensi dimanfaatkan menjadi pektin. Ekstraksi pektin dipengaruhi oleh rasio bahan pengendap dan lama pengendapan. Rasio bahan pengendap tertentu dan waktu pengendapan ...beberapa jam dapat menentukan kualitas pektin sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk menentukan rasio bahan pengendap dan lama waktu pengendapan agar didapatkan pektin kualitas baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui rasio bahan pengendap dan lama waktu pengendapan yang menghasilkan respon rendemen, derajat esterifikasi dan viskositas pektin yang optimal serta mengetahui karakteristik fisik dan kimia pektin hasil optimasi. Metode optimasi yang digunakan adalah rancangan Central Composite Design (CCD) dari Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan 2 faktor yaitu rasio bahan pengendap antara 1:1 sampai 1:3 (v/v) dan lama waktu pengendapan antara 1 sampai 3 jam sehingga menghasilkan 13 perlakuan percobaan. Pada penelitian diperoleh titik optimal pada perlakuan rasio bahan pengendap 1:1.62 (v/v) dan perlakuan lama waktu pengendapan 1.70 jam. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum memiliki nilai rendemen sebesar 4.43%, nilai derajat esterifikasi 71.11% dan nilai viskositas sebesar 40.5 cP.
This study aimed at investigating the effects of polishing conditions on the physicochemical properties of polished yellow konjac flour (PYKF) with a centrifugal mill using Central Composite ...Design-Response Surface Methodology (CCD-RSM). Micro-mill milled yellow konjac flour (MMYKF) mass and polishing cycles were the independent variables, with four observed responses (calcium oxalate, viscosity, degree of whiteness (DoW), and glucomannan). The lower limit (-1) and upper limit (+1) for MMYKF mass in this study are 10 and 15 kg, respectively, while the -1 and +1 for the polishing cycle are three times, and seven times, respectively. The optimum prediction occurred at 10 kg of MMYKF mass and six times the polishing cycle with the following characteristics: 0.52 ±0.00% w.b. calcium oxalate, 20362.00 ±16.00 cP viscosity, 62.22 ±0.01 DoW, and 69.43 ±0.02% d.b. glucomannan content, which agreed with the verification data with p-value >0.05 for all observed responses using the paired T-test. Polishing using a centrifugal mill is feasible and promises to be scaled up to industrial scale for yellow konjac flour polishing before the wet extraction process.
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