Designers search for memories and retrieve appropriate mental information during design brainstorming. The specific contents of retrieved memories can serve as stimuli for new ideas, or act as ...barriers to innovation. These contents can be divided into different categories, which are reflected in designers' creativities, and derived from individual lives and design experiences. Appropriate categorization of retrieved memory exemplars remains a fundamental research issue. This study tentatively divided retrieved memory exemplars into eight categories from brainstorming on the topic of library desk and chair design. A verification questionnaire was performed and validated the accuracy of categorization. The categorization result could be applied to design education in terms of understanding students' design performances and capabilities.
In order to clarify the effects of crude bio-oil for phenol-formaldehyde resin, the phenol-formaldehyde resin with bio-oil model compounds (BMPF) were prepared by model compound method. The bonding ...strength and aging resistance of BMPF were determined, and their microstructure and chemical bonds were also analyzed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, respectively. The results showed that the components of crude bio-oil had various degrees of effects on the BMPF performance, and the most obvious one is the phenols. The phenols and the ketones of bio-oil had positive effects on the bonding strength. The ketones had the biggest effect on the surface smoothness of BMPF film. But all components of bio-oil could inordinately improve the aging resistance of BMPF. The structural analysis indicated that the effects of bio-oil components on the BMPF performance by changing the resin structure. The CH2 peak in FT-IR and the methylene bridges intensity in NMR of phenol-free BMPF and ketone-free BMPF were smaller, while the results of aldehyde-free BMPF and acid-free BMPF were opposite. And the influence degree of BMPF structure was basically consistent with that of BMPF performance. These results could provide a basis for the modification of phenol-formaldehyde resin by crude bio-oil.
Physical objects and their pictures are two main kinds of design stimuli of creative activity, which can improve design quality but may induce design fixation. Previous studies are focused on the ...case where participants face a single picture, and their design stimulus may be incomplete as compared with the participants facing objects. To fully explore the influence of physical and pictorial examples on design novices, we investigated design fixation and design quality when they were provided with multiperspective pictures having information remarkably similar to physical objects. Specifically, two novice groups individually created their own designs after observing several examples by the way of the above two presentation modes. These designs were evaluated by two evaluators in terms of similarity, originality, and completeness. Statistical analysis showed that no significant difference was found in similarity and originality between the two groups, whereas the designs of the physical group outperformed those of the pictorial group in terms of completeness. This finding indicated that the two groups showed the same degree of design fixation, as multiperspective pictures presented most of the form information of the physical object. The results suggest that when instructing design novices, it is essential to control how to present design examples at different stages of the design process.
The influence of thinking flexibility on design is often underestimated by researchers in the field of design education. In this study, morphological analysis was used as a tool to develop design ...proposals and eye tracking technology was applied to track the attention. The feature of thinking activities in problem-solving between two groups (novice and expert) was analyzed by Heat map and Gaze plot in qualitative, and measured by indicators such as fixation and saccade in quantitative. Findings suggested that, i) Experts showed more fixation duration and fixation numbers in thinking activities, and the attention containing more AOIs was positively related to the rationality of the scheme. ii) Saccades with greater amplitude were more beneficial to the novelty of scheme. iii) Experts considered the information of each block in a balanced way, while novices tended to ignore unimportant blocks. These results will have a far-reaching impact on the development of designers’ thinking and help novices to exercise creative thinking and produce high-quality designs.
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•Little research exists on the impact of color properties in wood textures on visual perception.•Changes in color properties have a significant impact on the visual perception of wood ...figure.•There are considerable differences in how different wood figure types are affected.•Further research is needed to identify which wood surface properties designers can manipulate to meet application needs.
The wood figure is a crucial wood trait that contributes to its versatile applications, drawing attention and inspiring imagination. This study aims to elucidate the impact of color attributes on the visual perception of wood figures. Initially, using intelligent methods (interactive color palettes), we colored six typical figures of natural wood (Acer.) as sample images. These images were characterized by entropy values, and assessed by simulated visual saliency (ITTI model) and subjective questionnaires. Finally, we discussed how different color quantities and schemes affect complexity and visual saliency of wood figures. The results indicate that changes in color attributes significantly impact the visual perception of wood figures. When the number of replacement colors is four, both the change rate in image complexity and the mean visual saliency are at their highest, at 24% and 0.335 respectively. Among the colors red, yellow, and green, red tends to influence the intensity of visual saliency more, the subjective complexity of green is higher. In addition, we found that more complex figures are less affected by changes in color attributes, and people can also distinguish the degree of difference between figure types well.
It is increasingly important to account for cognizance of local cultural elements during the product design process. The relationship between traditional cultural elements and customer satisfaction ...was explored in this study. A Continuous Fuzzy Kano Model was used to analyze the effects of different cultural elements on user satisfaction. And a design practice was carried out to verify the results. Twenty-four cultural product cases were identified and investigated. We developed a scale questionnaire to examine the cases, and identified and categorized the relevant cultural elements. This study identifies the importance for product designers of individual cultural elements, and ascertains which dimension of cultural elements better satisfies user requirements.
This information is very relevant for designers and developers as it helps them to identify important cultural elements and estimate their effects on the user's satisfaction of products.
•We used C-FKM to rank the priorities of different cultural elements in the design process.•Customers may prefer cultural products with a modern design element to traditional cultural elements.•The elements of “intangible” level and “behavioral” level improve product satisfaction more than those of “tangible” level.•Customers tend to choose products with cultural meanings rather to choose products with elements with superficial forms.
Increasing attention is being given to traditional culture-orientated product design. While Chinese design students lack a deep understanding of traditional Chinese culture and its applications, ...little in-depth research has investigated this issue. Thus, how educators should guide and improve their students’ cultural design in the context of current Chinese design education and practices remains unclear. This study explores these design students’ cognition and application of different levels of Chinese cultural design elements to provide new insights for improving and adapting cultural design teaching practices. This study comprised three related stages. In stage 1, we extracted three levels of 15 representative cultural design elements from Chinese culture based on cultural hierarchy theory. In stage 2, we examined the students’ cognition about different levels of cultural elements using two questionnaire surveys. In stage 3, we further compared the differences in the application of cultural elements between experts and students to explore the students’ cultural application ability. The results showed that different design students have differing cognition of Chinese culture, which can be divided into two categories: i.e., cognitive deficiency or sufficiency. Compared with experts, students lack application experience and ability in the design elements of inner ‘intangible’ and middle ‘behavioural’ levels, because of their insufficient understanding of these two cultural design levels. These findings may reveal deficiencies in Chinese design students’ cognition and application, and provide targeted cultural teaching guidance.
In this research, the positive role of interface visual design in digital safety education was verified taking COVID-19 prevention and control knowledge as the content of public health safety ...education, where interface emotion (positive, negative, and neutral) and interface layout (waterfall typed and juxtaposition typed) were regarded as independent variables, and readers’ understanding, course evaluation and system usability score were dependent variables. As revealed in the results of a 3 × 2 two-factor experiment in which 252 college students participated: first, different interface emotion can cause significantly different understanding, where negative emotion has the best learning transfer effect; second, due to the difference in interface emotion, participants may give certain courses significantly different evaluation scores, while positive emotional interface contributes to the obviously high scores of three course-evaluation items, “appeal of the lesson”, “enjoyment of the lesson” and “interface quality”; third, significantly different system usability can be caused by different interface layout, where waterfall-type layout enjoys higher appraisal from users; fourth, interface emotion and interface layout have a similar interactive effects in terms of “effort of the lesson” and “interface quality”, where waterfall-type layout is favored in terms of positive emotional interface, and juxtaposition-type layout is more advantageous in terms of negative emotional interface. These results are of vital significance for interface design and safety education. Further, the visual design method for interface emotion and interface layout were analyzed to determine the most suitable design principles so as to improve the effect of digital public health safety education and provide constructive ideas for fighting against COVID-19 at the educational level.
Existing motion capture technology can efficiently track whole-body motion and be applied to many areas of the body. This whole-body interaction design has gained the attention of many researchers. ...However, few scholars have studied its suitability for elderly users. We were interested in exercise-based whole-body interactive games, which can provide mental and physical exercise for elderly users. We used heuristic evaluation to measure participants' actions during exergame tasks and analyzed preference differences between elderly and younger users through the distribution of actions in four dimensions. We found that age affected the actions performed by users in exergame tasks. We discuss the mental model of elderly users during the process of performing these tasks and put forward some suggestions for interactive actions. This model and these suggestions theoretically have guiding significance for the research and application of exergame design for elderly users and may help designers develop more effective exergames or other whole-body interaction interfaces suitable for elderly users.
With the increase of age, the cognitive ability and psychological flexibility of elderly drivers decrease, which will affect their driving behavior. The purpose of this study is to explore the ...driving characteristics of the elderly by comparing the driving behavior differences between 17 young drivers and 16 elderly drivers and then examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in driving training for the elderly through a randomized controlled experiment (RCT). Young drivers and elderly drivers were divided into the control group (CG) and intervention group (IG). The CG received routine driving training, and the IG received cognitive-behavioral training. During the experiment, we measured driving skills, cognitive load, emotional state, and eye movement data. Results showed that elderly people have poor driving performance and mental flexibility, but they can adopt conservative compensation measures to adapt to driving tasks. In addition, compared with the CG, the acceleration of the IG group decreased, and IG group showed more positive emotional state. Analysis of eye-movement data also showed that CBT was more effective at improving visual attention and risk perception in elderly adults. In conclusion, driving training based on CBT can improve the driving skills and emotional state of the elderly better than conventional training. Future studies should consider applying this method in driving training for the elderly to enhance their cognition of driving behavior.
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