The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the main pest of brassica crops worldwide. The ringlegged earwig, Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) (Dermaptera: ...Anisolabididae), has been reported as a potential predator of lepidopteran larvae, including this pest, and may therefore be used for biological control. Knowledge about predator–prey interactions is important to establish pest management strategies. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the developmental stage (larva and pupa) and density of P. xylostella on the preference and functional response of E. annulipes adult females. We used choice and no‐choice tests to evaluate the foraging behavior and preference of E. annulipes on DBM life stages and varied prey density to assess the type of functional response of the ringlegged earwig. Larvae were preferred over pupae, and the predator’s functional response was type II for both prey stages. Our results report the potential of E. annulipes as a biocontrol agent of P. xylostella. Understanding their interactions may help in decision‐making and optimization of integrated management strategies.
Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the main pest of Brassica spp. The earwig Euborellia annulipes (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) is a predator of lepidopteran pests. We evaluated the predator–prey interactions of E. annulipes and P. xylostella. Diamondback moth larvae were preferred over pupae, and the predator’s functional response is type II. These results suggest that this predator has potential as a biocontrol agent of DBM.
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•This is the first study on the characterization of the Abelmoschus esculentus lectin (AEL) based on proteomic analysis.•AEL is a Kunitz-type inhibitor with lectin-like domain.•AEL ...inhibits the activities of serine and cysteine proteases but not aspartyl protease.•AEL showed toxic effects on Ceratitis capitata and was more effective in the pupal stage.•AEL affects the hatching second-stage juvenile ratio of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica.
Plants produce lectins to confer resistance to pathogens through specific carbohydrate binding. The classification of lectins based only ligands can sometimes obscure other functions intrinsic to its structure. In this work, we characterized Abelmoschus esculentus lectin (AEL) on the basis of structural insights and reported its toxic effects on the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata and root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica. LC–MS/MS analysis followed by SPIDER searches and de novo sequencing indicated AEL as a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor homologous to the 21-kDa seed protein of Theobroma cacao, an endopeptidase inhibitor. AEL inhibited the activities of trypsin (Ki=3.3nM), chymotrypsin (Ki=8.3nM), and papain (Ki=0.5μM) but not cathepsin D. Insecticidal activity was evaluated in the first, second, and third instar larvae and pupae, in which AEL (2000μg/mL) was more effective on the pupal stage, showing more toxicity than the organophosphates malathion and dimethoate. AEL (500μg/mL) inhibited the hatching of second-stage juveniles in both nematode species, with greater inhibition occurring in M. incognita. The Kunitz-type serine/cysteine protease inhibitor activities of AEL and its pest control effects may provide a novel understanding of its mechanisms in the plant immune system and their biotechnological applications.
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a polyphagous insect responsible for severe damage to fruit crops worldwide. Control strategies require laboratory studies in which ...large quantities of individuals of this pest are required, thus requiring the implementation of mass rearing. The success of these rearing's is dependent on the use of artificial diets, which represent one of the main costs of this system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and development of C. capitata under different artificial diets. The inoculation of C. capitata eggs was performed in artificial diets based on sweet potato, yam, carrots, pumpkin, and cassava, all raw and cooked, totalizing 10 treatments, with raw carrots being the control treatment. We observed the following biometric and biological variables of C. capitata: larval and pupal viability, fecundity, fertility and sex ratio, as well as pre-oviposition, oviposition, and adult lifetime. Promising results were obtained with sweet potato and pumpkin, providing larger and heavier insects, good fecundity and fertility, longer oviposition time, and greater longevity, whose results were similar or superior to those obtained with the raw carrot-based diet. In contrast, the raw cassava diet did not allow the larvae to hatch. Unsatisfactory results were also obtained with the raw and cooked cassava-based diets, making it unfeasible to recommend them for use in artificial diets for this insect. The artificial diets derived from raw or cooked pumpkin and sweet potato were efficient as carrot substitutes in artificial diets for C. capitata.
Uso de semioquímicos no controle de lepidópteros Araújo, Heloisa Martins de; Batista, Jacinto de Luna Batista; Lacerda, Letícia Barbosa de ...
Scientific electronic archives,
11/2021, Volume:
14, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
O ataque de insetos-praga causa perdas substanciais na produção agrícola. Dentre esses insetos, destacam-se os pertencentes à ordem Lepidoptera. Para o controle desses organismos se faz uso ...principalmente de inseticidas, porém, em busca de uma produção sustentável e limpa, o desenvolvimento de novos produtos de controle são desejáveis, como por exemplo, o uso de semioquímicos. Nesse sentido, esse estudo objetivou revisar o conhecimento atual sobre semioquímicos, destacando as possibilidades do uso destes compostos como uma alternativa para implementação nos programas de manejo integrado destes insetos-pragas, destacando o conhecimento atual e identificando tendências futuras. Os semioquímicos são compostos químicos utilizados pelos insetos como meio de comunicação para exercício de suas relações ecológicas. Dependendo da relação com a espécie do emissor e do receptor do sinal químico, e de acordo com os resultados decorrentes desta comunicação, esses compostos podem ser classificados em feromônios e aleloquímicos. Os semioquímicos podem ser empregados no monitoramento, captura, redução no índice de oviposição, mortalidade de ovos e confusão sexual em lepidópteros. Mostrando-se assim, como uma ferramenta promissora no controle dos insetos-praga dessa ordem.
One of the forms of integrated pest management is the rearing of insects using artificial diets. The Euborellia annulipes species has gained prominence for being voracious with its preys, ...demonstrating a potential for use in biological control programs. This study aimed to evaluate the biological development of the E. annulipes predator fed with artificial diets and E. kuehniella eggs. Newly hatched predator nymphs were separated into an experimental unit consisting of 5 insects, 10 replicates and 7 treatments. The instars duration, nymphal period and viability, postures, number of eggs per posture, period of pre-oviposition and egg incubation and egg viability were evaluated. There was no difference for the periods nymphal, pre-oviposition and incubation of E. annulipes eggs. Oviposition ranged from 23.8 to 73.0 eggs/posture, as a function of diet. Artificial diets based on E. kuehniella eggs can be used for rearing E. annulipes. However, reared eggs fed with rice flour should be avoided, because they reduce oviposition and influence the E. annulipes development.
Introduction. Citrus trees in Brazil are often attacked by the blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby. The induction of resistance to control this pest is required to maintain the sanitary and ...nutritional quality of the crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of silicon in the form of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) to modify the activity of enzymes involved in the defence of Citrus reticulata and to find any correlation between the activity of these enzymes and the development of A. woglumi. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using seedlings of C. reticulate cv. ‘Dancy’ in the following one-application treatments: T1: Infestation with A. woglumi and no K2SiO3 (control, “C”); T2: No A. woglumi and no K2SiO3 (absolute control “AC”); T3: 17 g L-1K2SiO +A. woglumi, T4: 35 g L-1K2SiO +A. woglumi; T5: 52 g L-1 K2SiO +A. woglumi; and T6: 70 g L-1K2SiO +A. woglumi. To perform the enzymatic analyses, one leaf was removed separately from each mandarin seedling after 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 days of continuous feeding of A. woglumi. The activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was assessed. Results and discussion. The correlation between peroxidase activity and A. woglumi development was positive. The peroxidase and polyphenol activities indicated strong induction of plant defences against A. woglumi. The increase in peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activity revealed the induction of synthesis of compounds for plant defence against A. woglumi, but this effect depended on the time of A. woglumi feeding and on the concentration of silicon. Conclusion. Silicon was shown to be an elicitor that potentiates the defence mechanisms of C. reticulata to A. woglumi.
Introduction. Les agrumes au Brésil sont fréquemment attaqués par des aleurodes (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby). L’induction de résistance pour lutter contre ce ravageur est nécessaire pour maintenir la qualité sanitaire et nutritionnelle de la récolte. Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer le potentiel du silicium sous la forme de silicate de potassium (K2SiO3) dans la modification de l’activité des enzymes impliquées dans la réaction de défense du mandarinier (Citrus reticulata), et aussi de trouver une corrélation entre l’activité de ces enzymes et le développement des aleurodes. Matériel et méthodes. L’étude a été menée en serre en utilisant des plants de mandarinier cv. Dancy. Les traitements suivants ont été appliqués : T1 : infestation par A. woglumi et pas de K2SiO3 (contrôle, “C”; T2 : pas d’A. woglumi et pas de K2SiO3 (contrôle absolu “AC”); T3 : 17 g L-1 K2SiO +A. woglumi, T4 : 35 g L-1 K2SiO +A. woglumi; T5 : 52 g L-1 K2SiO +A. woglumi; et T6 : 70 g L-1 K2SiO +A. woglumi. Pour effectuer les analyses enzymatiques, une feuille de mandarinier a été prélevée séparément de chaque plante après 10, 30, 50, 70 et 90 jours d’alimentation continue en aleurodes des agrumes. L’activité de la peroxydase, de la polyphénol oxydase et de la phénylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) a été évaluée. Résultats et discussion. La corrélation entre l’activité de la peroxydase et le développement d’A. woglumi s’est montrée positive. L’activité de la peroxydase et celle de la polyphénol oxydase ont indiqué une forte induction des défenses de la plante contre A. woglumi. L’augmentation de l’activité polyphénol oxydase et peroxydase a révélé l’induction de la synthèse de composés actifs dans la défense des plantes contre A. woglumi, mais cet effet dépendait de la durée ’alimentation des aleurodes et de la concentration en silicium. Conclusion. L’étude a montré que le silicium pouvait jouer le rôle d’éliciteur en stimulant des mécanismes de défense de C. reticulata contre A. woglumi.
Aleurocanthus woglumi is present in Paraiba state since 2009, causing a lot of damage to the citrus production in the State. There is a lack of knowledge about the bioecology of this Aleyrodidae ...member under the climatic conditions of ParaÃba State. Thus, in order to know the population density of the pest and study the interference of climatic factors upon these insects, yellow sticky traps were installed evenly distributed in the orchard in the agroecological citrus property in Areia city, in Paraiba state. There were two distinct population peaks of the pest, one in September 2011 and another in April 2012. The lowest densities of the pest were recorded between October and December 2011, a period in which there was no new budding. The population monitoring of A. woglumi in Paraiba state has allowed knowing the time in which the insect occurs in the orchard and the variations in the number of individuals throughout time.
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