TOWARDS INTEGRATION AND INTERDISCIPLINARITY. ACTIVITIES OF THE SEMANTICS OF UTTERANCES LABORATORY IN KRAKOW
The subject of the article is the activity of the Semantics of Utterance Laboratory, which ...existed in the years 1988–2001 at the Institute of Polish Philology of the Jagiellonian University, and dealt with the popularization and critical discussion of innovative concepts in the humanities, especially in linguistics. The aim of the article is to recall this important chapter in the recent history of Krakow’s scientific life and to indicate the importance of this initiative for the popularization of new trends in research thought, integration of the scientific community and dissemination of the idea of interdisciplinary discourse. The article presents the beginnings of the Semantics of Utterances Laboratory, its scientific program, research and didactic goals, topics of speeches and their authors, as well as direct and long-term effects of its activity.
TOWARDS INTEGRATION AND INTERDISCIPLINARITY. ACTIVITIES OF THE SEMANTICS OF UTTERANCES LABORATORY IN KRAKOW The subject of the article is the activity of the Semantics of Utterance Laboratory, which ...existed in the years 1988–2001 at the Institute of Polish Philology of the Jagiellonian University, and dealt with the popularization and critical discussion of innovative concepts in the humanities, especially in linguistics. The aim of the article is to recall this important chapter in the recent history of Krakow’s scientific life and to indicate the importance of this initiative for the popularization of new trends in research thought, integration of the scientific community and dissemination of the idea of interdisciplinary discourse. The article presents the beginnings of the Semantics of Utterances Laboratory, its scientific program, research and didactic goals, topics of speeches and their authors, as well as direct and long-term effects of its activity.
Prezentowany artykuł jest próbą pokazania, że gesty i postawy liturgiczne, funkcjonujące w obrębie liturgii Kościoła katolickiego, stanowią interesujący przedmiot badawczy nie tylko dla teologów, ale ...także dla językoznawców. Autorka koncentruje się przede wszystkim na wskazaniu możliwości, jakie badaniom gestów liturgicznych stwarza przyjęcie metodologii językoznawstwa kognitywnego, zwłaszcza koncepcji schematów wyobrażeniowych. Pokazuje także, w jaki sposób poszukiwaniu tkwiących za gestami liturgicznymi schematów wyobrażeniowych przysłużyć może się antropologiczno-kulturowa perspektywa spojrzenia na gesty funkcjonujące w komunikacji międzyludzkiej.
The article discusses communicology, a research discipline that has been gaining increasing popularity lately, both among scholars specializing in the problems of human communication (psychologists, ...philosophers, linguists), and among rhetoric and auto presentation coaches and trainers. The first part of the paper presents problems related to the definition of the term communicology, and gives a wider description of two models of communication: the code and the orchestral model. This part also introduces the axioms of communication proposed by the scholars of the Palo Alto school (Paul Watzlawick, Janet Beavin, and Don Jackson), as they are the foundation of the modern, pragmatic approach to communication as a feedback process in which the role of the receiver is no less important than that of the sender. The second part of the paper focuses on selected problems related to teaching of practical communication skills. It discusses the questions of communicative competence (as understood by Dell Hymes), non-verbal communication, development of assertiveness and empathy, and also the problem of communicative effectiveness and of the purpose of perfecting communicative skills (interpreted from the point of view of the ritual communication model of James Carey and Eric Rothenbuhler).
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the potential use of citric acid as a modifier of quality changes in table eggs during their storage. About 780 table hen eggs were collected on the same ...day. They were numbered individually and placed on trays 30 pcs on each. Control group (CA0) consisted of eggs unmodified with any additional substances. In experimental groups CA10 and CA15, eggshells were sprayed with the aqueous solution of citric acid (10 and 15% concentration, respectively). At the start of the experiment, only quality traits of eggs from the control group were analyzed. The remaining eggs were stored at 14°C and 70% RH (typical storage conditions). Their quality was evaluated after 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. The depth of the air cell, egg weight and specific gravity, traits of shell (permeability, strength, weight, thickness, density), and egg content (pH of yolk and albumen, Haugh units, yolk weight and color) were evaluated each time. The use of citric acid decreased the severity of qualitative changes. Citric acid–treated eggs demonstrated smaller weight loss, shallower air cell, higher structural albumen, less-intensive water diffusion from albumen to yolk indicating the improved resistance of the vitelline membrane. Owing to the fact that citric acid is accepted and recognized as a safe food preservative is a relatively cheap and available substance, it seems that it can be used to inhibit quality changes in table eggs during their storage.
The increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in bacteria requires the development of new antimicrobial candidates. There are several well-known substances with commercial use, but their molecular ...mode of action is not fully understood. In this work, we focus on two commonly used antimicrobial agents from the detergent family—octenidine dichloride (OCT) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). Both of them are reported to be agents selectively attacking the cell membrane through interaction inducing membrane disruption by emulsification. They are believed to present electrostatic selectivity toward charged lipids. In this study, we tested this hypothesis and revised previously proposed molecular mechanisms of action. Employing a variety of techniques such as molecular dynamics, ζ potential with dynamic light scattering, vesicle fluctuation spectroscopy, carboxyfluorescein leakage measurement, and fluorescence trimethylammonium-diphenylhexatriene- and diphenylhexatriene-based studies for determination of OCT and CHX membrane location, we performed experimental studies using two model membrane systems—zwitterionic PC and negatively charged PG (18:1/18:1):PC (16:0/18:1) 3:7, respectively. These studies were extended by molecular dynamics simulations performed on a three-component bacterial membrane model system to further test interactions with another negatively charged lipid, cardiolipin. In summary, our study demonstrated that detergent selectivity is far more complicated than supposed simple electrostatic interactions. Although OCT does disrupt the membrane, our results suggest that its primary selectivity was more linked to mechanical properties of the membrane. On the other hand, CHX did not disrupt membranes as a primary activity, nor did it show any sign of electrostatic selectivity toward negatively charged membranes at any stage of interactions, which suggests membrane disruption by influencing more discrete membrane properties.
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Raw vegetable oil from
was subjected to oxidative treatment to enhance its viscosity. The oxidation processes were carried out in the presence of
-hydroxyphthalimide with or without supercritical CO₂ ...as a solvent. Four spectroscopic techniques (Raman, UV-VIS, FT-IR, NMR) were applied to assess the chemical changes taking place during the oxidation. Raman and NMR spectroscopy proved best in the assessment of the chemical transformations leading to increased viscosity of the modified vegetable oil.
Plant species and abiotic factors including season appear to be the most important variables influencing the frequency of visits by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). In the present study, we evaluated ...the activity of honeybee workers visiting runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) local cultivar ‘Piękny Jaś’. The runner beans are widely cultivated in south-eastern Poland, and are an important forage plant for honeybees in agroecosystems. We aimed at a comprehensive monitoring of the health of colonies and symptoms in A. mellifera in response to acute exposure to pesticides. The most numerous visits of A. mellifera were observed at the highest flower opening of the runner bean. A very weak positive correlation was observed between the number of honeybees on P. coccineus, the number of visited flowers, the time spent per flower and air temperature. The visitation rates of honeybees were more frequent at mid-day and decreased after 15:00. Signs of poisoning were detected in two out of seven apiaries monitored for acute pesticide exposure symptoms on runner bean plantations. The analysis of dead honeybee samples revealed the acute exposure of honeybees to the imidacloprid (neonicotinoid) and chlorpyrifos (organophosphorus) insecticides, which are highly toxic and banned in the European Union. Hazard quotient (HQ) screening showed an elevated burden of imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos corresponding to 7.1% and 10% of the LDD50, respectively, most likely indicating bee poisoning due to chronic exposure to these substances with contaminated food. Noteworthy was the presence of three fungicides that could pose a risk of poisoning in honeybees.
Background: Wound dressing plays a vital role in post-operative aftercare. There is the necessity to develop dressings for application on the border of soft and hard tissue. This study aimed to ...develop multifunctional polyelectrolyte layers enhanced by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and/or fullerenol nanocomposites to achieve a wound dressing that could be applied on the bone-skin interface. Methods: Constructed shells were examined using TEM, STEM, and EDX techniques. The human osteoblasts or fibroblasts were immobilized within the shells. The systems morphology was assessed using SEM. The functioning of cells was determined by flow cytomery. Moreover, the internalization of AuNPs was assessed. Results: Involvement of fullerenol and/or hydroxyapatite nanoparticles influenced the immobilized cell systems morphology. Membranes with fullerenol and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were observed to block the internalization of AuNPs by immobilized hFOB cells. Conclusions: The designed bilayer membranes incorporating fullerenol, and bacteriostatic elements, prevented the internalization of AuNPs by hFOB cells and ensured the proper counts and morphology of eukaryotic cells. The developed material can be recommended for dressings at the bone-skin interface.
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