Genome-enabled biotechnologies have the potential to accelerate breeding efforts in long-lived perennial crop species. Despite the transformative potential of molecular tools in pecan and other ...outcrossing tree species, highly heterozygous genomes, significant presence-absence gene content variation, and histories of interspecific hybridization have constrained breeding efforts. To overcome these challenges, here, we present diploid genome assemblies and annotations of four outbred pecan genotypes, including a PacBio HiFi chromosome-scale assembly of both haplotypes of the 'Pawnee' cultivar. Comparative analysis and pan-genome integration reveal substantial and likely adaptive interspecific genomic introgressions, including an over-retained haplotype introgressed from bitternut hickory into pecan breeding pedigrees. Further, by leveraging our pan-genome presence-absence and functional annotation database among genomes and within the two outbred haplotypes of the 'Lakota' genome, we identify candidate genes for pest and pathogen resistance. Combined, these analyses and resources highlight significant progress towards functional and quantitative genomics in highly diverse and outbred crops.
Resistance to rose rosette disease (RRD), a fatal disease of roses (Rosa spp.), is a high priority for rose breeding. As RRD resistance is time-consuming to phenotype, the identification of genetic ...markers for resistance could expedite breeding efforts. However, little is known about the genetics of RRD resistance. Therefore, we performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on a set of inter-related diploid rose populations phenotyped for RRD resistance and identified four QTLs. Two QTLs were found in multiple years. The most consistent QTL is qRRV_TX2WSE_ch5, which explains approximately 20% and 40% of the phenotypic variation in virus quantity and severity of RRD symptoms, respectively. The second, a QTL on chromosome 1, qRRD_TX2WSE_ch1, accounts for approximately 16% of the phenotypic variation for severity. Finally, a third QTL on chromosome 3 was identified only in the multiyear analysis, and a fourth on chromosome 6 was identified in data from one year only. In addition, haplotypes associated with significant changes in virus quantity and severity were identified for qRRV_TX2WSE_ch5 and qRRD_TX2WSE_ch1. This research represents the first report of genetic determinants of resistance to RRD. In addition, marker trait associations discovered here will enable better parental selection when breeding for RRD resistance and pave the way for marker-assisted selection for RRD resistance.
Since development of the Utstein style recommendations for the uniform reporting of cardiac arrest, increasing numbers of national and regional out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) registries have ...been established worldwide. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) created the Research and Registries Working Group and aimed to systematically report data collected from these registries.
We conducted two surveys of voluntarily participating national and regional registries. The first survey aimed to identify which core elements of the current Utstein style for OHCA were collected by each registry. The second survey collected descriptive summary data from each registry. We chose the data collected for the second survey based on the availability of core elements identified by the first survey.
Seven national and four regional registries were included in the first survey and nine national and seven regional registries in the second survey. The estimated annual incidence of emergency medical services (EMS)-treated OHCA was 30.0–97.1 individuals per 100,000 population. The combined data showed the median age varied from 64 to 79 years and more than half were male in all 16 registries. The provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and bystander automated external defibrillator (AED) use was 19.1–79.0% in all registries and 2.0–37.4% among 11 registries, respectively. Survival to hospital discharge or 30-day survival after EMS-treated OHCA was 3.1–20.4% across all registries. Favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge or 30 days after EMS-treated OHCA was 2.8–18.2%. Survival to hospital discharge or 30-day survival after bystander-witnessed shockable OHCA ranged from 11.7% to 47.4% and favorable neurological outcome from 9.9% to 33.3%.
This report from ILCOR describes data on systems of care and outcomes following OHCA from nine national and seven regional registries across the world. We found variation in reported survival outcomes and other core elements of the current Utstein style recommendations for OHCA across nations and regions.
New physics opportunities are opening up by the Advanced Gamma Tracking Array, AGATA, as it evolves to the full 4
π
instrument. AGATA is a high-resolution
γ
-ray spectrometer, solely built from ...highly segmented high-purity Ge detectors, capable of measuring
γ
rays from a few tens of keV to beyond 10 MeV, with unprecedented efficiency, excellent position resolution for individual
γ
-ray interactions, and very high count-rate capability. As a travelling detector AGATA will be employed at all major current and near-future European research facilities delivering stable and radioactive ion beams.
At the 2013 Academic Emergency Medicine global health consensus conference, a breakout session on a resuscitation research agenda was held. Two articles focusing on cardiac arrest and trauma ...resuscitation are the result of that discussion. This article describes the burden of disease and outcomes, issues in resuscitation research, and global trends in resuscitation research funding priorities. Globally, cardiovascular disease and trauma cause a high burden of disease that receives a disproportionately smaller research investment. International resuscitation research faces unique ethical challenges. It needs reliable baseline statistics regarding quality of care and outcomes; data linkages between providers; reliable and comparable national databases; and an effective, efficient, and sustainable resuscitation research infrastructure to advance the field. Research in resuscitation in low‐ and middle‐income countries is needed to understand the epidemiology, infrastructure and systems context, level of training needed, and potential for cost‐effective care to improve outcomes. Research is needed on low‐cost models of population‐based research, ways to disseminate information to the developing world, and finding the most cost‐effective strategies to improve outcomes.
Resumen
En la Conferencia de Consenso de la Academic Emergency Medicine de 2013, tuvo lugar una sesión de grupo titulada “Un programa de investigación en reanimación”. El resultado de ese debate son dos artículos centrados en la parada cardiaca y la reanimación del paciente politraumatizado. Este artículo describe la carga de enfermedad y los resultados, los temas de la investigación en reanimación y las tendencias globales en las prioridades de financiación de la investigación en reanimación. De forma global, la enfermedad cardiovascular y el traumatismo causan una alta carga de enfermedad que recibe una cantidad desproporcionadamente menor de la inversión en investigación. La investigación en reanimación internacional se enfrenta a retos éticos únicos. Se necesitan estadísticas de referencia fiables sobre la calidad de la atención y los resultados, datos conectados entre proveedores, bases de datos nacionales comparables y fiables y una infraestructura de investigación en reanimación efectiva, eficiente y sostenible con el fin de avanzar en este campo. Se necesita investigar en reanimación en los países de recursos medios y bajos para comprender la epidemiología, el contexto de la infraestructura y los sistemas, el nivel de aprendizaje necesario y su potencial cost‐efectividad para mejorar los resultados. Se necesita también investigación en modelos de bajo coste para la investigación basada en la población, las vías para difundir la información al mundo en desarrollo y encontrar las estrategias más cost‐efectivas para mejorar los resultados.
The Rare ISotopes INvestigation at GSI project combines the former EUROBALL Ge-Cluster detectors, the MINIBALL Ge detectors, BaF
2-HECTOR detectors, and the fragment separator at GSI for ...high-resolution in-beam
γ
-ray spectroscopy measurements with radioactive beams. These secondary beams produced at relativistic energies are used for Coulomb excitation or secondary fragmentation experiments in order to explore the nuclear structure of the projectiles or projectile like nuclei by measuring de-excitation photons. The newly designed detector array is described and the performance characteristics are given. Moreover, particularities of the experimental technique are discussed.
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