The effect of several types of whey milk - cow, sheep, goat and a mixture of them (60 : 20 : 20, respectively) - was assessed in the human gut microbiota. The prebiotic potential of these substrates ...was evaluated through
in vitro
gastrointestinal digestion following faecal batch culture fermentations (mimicking colonic fermentation) for 48 hours, using faeces from normal-weight (NW) and obese (OB) donors. Throughout the fermentation process, pH, gas production, short chain and branched fatty acids (SCFA-BCFA) were measured, as well as the changes of microbiota using qPCR. The pH decreased in all whey samples during the fermentation process. Gas production was higher in all whey samples than in controls, especially at 12 hours (
p
< 0.05). The diversity of SCFA and BCFA production was significantly different between the donors, in particular cow and mixed whey. Whey milk had a strong prebiotic effect on the gut microbiota of NW and OB donors, showing a significant increase of
Bifidobacterium
(
p
< 0.05) with cow, sheep and mixed whey and increase in the
Lactobacillus
group, particularly in OB donors. Bacteria associated with obesity did not show an increase in any of the groups of donors. Therefore, supplementing a diet with these types of whey can selectively stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria, enhancing SCFA production, which could improve intestinal disorders. In addition, it may be an interesting approach to the prevention of overweight and obesity and related diseases. Whey milk has a potent prebiotic effect. It can selectively stimulate desirable bacteria and SCFA profile, in both OB and NW donors, contributing to improved intestinal health and reducing obesity.
The effect of several types of whey milk was assessed in the human microbiota.
At least a dozen molecules with a formyl group (HCO) have been observed to date in the interstellar medium (ISM), suggesting that other such species exist and remain to be discovered. However, there ...is still a lack of high-resolution spectroscopic data for simple molecular species of this type that could provide a basis for their detection.
Cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde, c-C
H
CHO, is a small molecule containing a formyl group and is therefore an interesting candidate for astrophysical detection. The rotational spectrum of cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde has been observed before, but its experimental rotational parameters are not precise enough to allow its detection in the millimetre-wave domain.
We measured the rotational spectrum of cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde in the frequency ranges 31.5-50 GHz and 72-116.5 GHz using the GACELA (GAS CEll for Laboratory Astrophysics) broadband high-resolution rotational spectrometer constructed at the Yebes Observatory. The spectroscopic study was supported by high-level theoretical calculations which were used in the identification of the vibrational excited states of cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde.
Our analysis of the rotational spectrum of cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde allowed us to obtain accurate rotational parameters for the ground state of both cis and trans isomers, which were used to derive sufficiently reliable predictions up to 300 GHz. In addition to the ground states, we identified 12 and 6 vibrationally excited states for the trans and cis isomers, respectively, including fundamental modes, multiple excitation quanta, and combination states. We find that the gas phase concentration of the trans isomer is almost 1.2 times larger than that of the cis one. These new experimental rotational parameters were employed to search for cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde in the warm molecular clouds Orion KL and Sgr B2(N) using the spectral surveys captured by ALMA (Orion) and IRAM 30 m (Sgr) at 1 mm and 3 mm, respectively.
We report on the detection of calcium isocyanide, CaNC, in the carbon-rich evolved star IRC+10216. We derived a column density for this species of (2 ± 0.5) × 1011 cm−2. Based on the observed line ...profiles and the modelling of its emission through the envelope, the molecule has to be produced in the intermediate and outer layers of the circumstellar envelope where other metal-isocyanides have previously been found in this source. The abundance ratio of CaNC relative to MgNC and FeCN is ≃1/60 and ≃1, respectively. We searched for the species CaF, CaCl, CaC, CaCCH, and CaCH3 for which accurate frequency predictions are available. Only upper limits have been obtained for these molecules.
Nitriles constitute almost 15% of the molecules observed in the interstellar medium (ISM), surprisingly only two dinitriles have been detected in the ISM so far. The lack of astronomical detections ...for dinitriles may be partly explained by the absence of laboratory rotational spectroscopic data.
Our goal is to investigate the rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile, N≡C-CH
-CH
-CH
-C≡N, in order to allow its possible detection in the ISM.
The rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile was measured using two different experimental setups. A Fourier transform microwave spectrometer was employed to observe the supersonic jet rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile between 6 and 20 GHz. In addition, the mmW spectrum was observed in the frequency range 72-116.5 GHz using a broadband millimetre-wave spectrometer based on radio astronomy receivers with fast Fourier transform backends. The spectral searches were supported by high-level ab initio calculations.
A total of 111 rotational transitions with maximum values of
and
quantum numbers 54 and 18, respectively, were measured for the
conformer of glutaronitrile. The analysis allowed us to accurately determine the rotational, nuclear quadrupole coupling, quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants. These rotational parameters were employed to search for glutaronitrile in the cold and warm molecular clouds Orion KL, Sgr B2(N), B1-b and TMC-1, using the spectral surveys captured by IRAM 30m at 3mm. Glutaronitrile was not detected, and the upper limits' column densities were derived. Those are a factor of 1.5 and 5 lower than those obtained for the total column densities of the analogous succinonitrile in Orion KL and Sgr B2, respectively.
We report the detection of methyl ketene towards TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE line survey. Nineteen rotational transitions with rotational quantum numbers ranging from J = 3 up to J = 5 and K-a <= 2 were ...identified in the frequency range 32.0-50.4 GHz, 11 of which arise above the 3 sigma level. We derived a column density for CH3CHCO of N=1.5 x 10(11) cm(-2) and a rotational temperature of 9 K. Hence, the abundance ratio between ketene and methyl ketene, CH2CO/CH3CHCO, is 93. This species is the second C3H4O isomer detected. The other, trans-propenal (CH2CHCHO), corresponds to the most stable isomer and has a column density of N=(2.2 +/- 0.3)x10(11) cm(-2), which results in an abundance ratio CH2CHCHO/CH3CHCO of 1.5. The next non-detected isomer with the lowest energy is cis-propenal, which is therefore a good candidate for future discovery. We have carried out an in-depth study of the possible gas-phase chemical reactions involving methyl ketene to explain the abundance detected, achieving good agreement between chemical models and observations.
Observations of IRC +10216 with the Yebes 40m telescope between 31 and 50 GHz have revealed more than 150 unidentified lines. Some of them can be grouped into a new series of 26 doublets, ...harmonically related with integer quantum numbers ranging from J up=54 to 80. The separation of the doublets increases systematically with J, i.e., as expected for a linear species in one of its bending modes. The rotational parameters resulting from the fit to these data are B = 290.8844 ± 0.0004 MHz, D = 0.88 ± 0.04 Hz, q = 0.1463 ± 0.0001 MHz. The rotational constant is very close to that of the ground state of HC9N. Ab initio calculations show an excellent agreement between these parameters and those predicted for the lowest energy vibrationally excited state, ν 19=1, of HC9N. This is the first detection, and complete characterization in space, of vibrationally excited HC9N. An energy of 41.5 cm-1 is estimated for the ν 19 state. In addition, 17 doublets of HC7N in the ν 15=1 state, for which laboratory spectroscopy is available, have been detected for the first time in IRC+10216. Several doublets of HC5N in its ν 11=1 state have been also observed. The column density ratio between the ground and the lowest excited vibrational states are ≈127, 9.5, and 1.5 for HC5N, HC7N, and HC9N, respectively. We find that these lowest-lying vibrational states are most probably populated via infrared pumping to vibrationally excited states lying at ≈600 cm-1. The lowest vibrationally excited states thus need to be taken into account to precisely determine absolute abundances and abundanceratios for long carbon chains. The abundance ratios N(HC5N)/N(HC7N) and N(HC7N)/N(HC9N) are 2.4 and 7.7 respectively.
Disease management guidelines that consider clinical and epidemiological approaches of RMSF have existed in Panama since 2019 4. ...it is necessary to correctly understand the ecological, ...epidemiological and clinical features to establish diagnosis and treatment of patients and countrywide surveillance. Furthermore, both D. andersoni and D. variabilis are distributed in specific environments in the Nearctic zone (North America), and not in the Neotropical zone, a biogeographic region that extends from southern Florida, central Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Antilles 3. ...R. sanguineus is a complex of species (R. sanguineus s.l.) and not an only taxon; these species are only related to dogs under intra-domiciliary conditions 4. ...in the published article, Daza et al., established that “None of the patients reported a history of insect bites” and “None of the patients reported a history of contact with ticks or other insect bites”; nevertheless, ticks are not insects and no insect is related to the transmission of RMSF.
During a molecular screening of rickettsial, borrelial and protozoal agents in ticks from rural areas of Panama, we detected DNA of
Rickettsia amblyommatis
in four
Amblyomma mixtum
collected from ...horses in a locality in Los Santos province.
Ehrlichia minasensis
and
Anaplasma marginale
were identified from three and two
Rhipicephalus microplus
, respectively, collected on cows from Chiriqui province. No DNA from other tick-borne agents was found. These results increase the information of
R. amblyommatis
and
A. marginale
in Panama, and also mark the first record of
E. minasensis
in Central America.
Two particle treatments, thermally thin and thick, are applied to Eulerian combustion modeling for biomass packed beds and tested through the simulation of an experimental plant. The paper shows the ...efficiency of the Eulerian approach for large packed beds and tests the behavior of both particle treatments, tested with in-bed and flame temperatures and released volatiles measurements at different locations, which is not common in the literature for a full size boiler.
Both approaches are implemented in a model with a comprehensive framework that includes several submodels for the thermal conversion kinetics, bed motion, heat and mass transfer with the gas phase, and gas flow and reaction. Two experiments are performed with wood chips fuels with different moisture contents. The simulations of the two cases result in reasonably good predictions for both particle treatments. The results are similar for higher moisture content and, for the low-moisture test, the bed temperature distribution and reaction fronts are slightly different due to the different predictions of the drying and devolatilization fronts. The volatile measurements show that the T. Thin model results in slightly more accurate predictions than the T. Thick, possibly because the wood chips have a more thermally thin behavior.
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•Thermally thin and thermally thick particle approaches are applied to a biomass packed bed.•Both models show similar behavior for a high moisture content.•The prediction of bed and flame temperatures are reasonably accurate.•The thermally thick model shows more homogeneous volatile distributions.•T. thin and T. thick models present 8% and 12% average errors in volatile predictions from measurements.
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