The sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to neutrino oscillation is determined, based on a full simulation, reconstruction, and event selection of the far detector and a ...full simulation and parameterized analysis of the near detector. Detailed uncertainties due to the flux prediction, neutrino interaction model, and detector effects are included. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass ordering to a precision of 5
σ
, for all
δ
CP
values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3
σ
(5
σ
) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50% of all
δ
CP
values. It will also make precise measurements of other parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation, and after an exposure of 15 years will achieve a similar sensitivity to
sin
2
2
θ
13
to current reactor experiments.
The aim of the present work was to establish appropriate conditions for the in vitro micropropagation of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish through shoot multiplication on apical and nodal bud ...explants. Explants were excised from in vitro-grown seedlings and incubated on Murashige and Skoog medium containing different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (for apical buds) and gibberellic acid and NAA (for nodal segments). Proliferation of apical shoots was successfully achieved in the presence of BAP and NAA, each at 1.0 mg L(-1), while the elongation of apical shoots could only be attained on medium containing NAA at 1.0 mg L(-1). Elongation of nodal shoots was induced in the presence of NAA at 2.0 mg L(-1). The most suitable medium for inducing root proliferation on explants of E. erythropappus was NAA at 1.0 mg L(-1).
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of ...neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE’s ability to constrain the
ν
e
spectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered.
The neutron detection efficiency of a sampling calorimeter made of 1
mm diameter scintillating fibers embedded in a lead/bismuth structure has been measured at the neutron beam of The Svedberg ...Laboratory at Uppsala. A significant enhancement of the detection efficiency with respect to a bulk organic scintillator detector with the same thickness is observed.
The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) and, more generally, the spin-statistics connection, is at the very basis of our understanding of matter. The PEP spurs, presently, a lively debate on its possible ...limits, deeply rooted in the very foundations of Quantum Field Theory. Therefore, it is extremely important to test the limits of its validity. Quon theory provides a suitable mathematical framework of possible violation of PEP, where the q violation parameter translates into a probability of violating PEP. Experimentally, setting a bound on PEP violation means confining the q-parameter to a value very close to either 1 (for bosons) or -1 (for fermions). The VIP (Violation of the Pauli exclusion principle) experiment established a limit on the probability that PEP is violated by electrons, using the method of searching for PEP forbidden atomic transitions in copper. We describe the experimental method, the obtained results, both in terms of the q-parameter and as probability of PEP violation, we briefly discuss the results and present future plans to go beyond the actual limit by upgrading the experimental technique using vetoed new spectroscopic fast Silicon Drift Detectors. We mention as well the possibility of using a similar experimental technique to search for eventual X-rays generated as a signature of the spontaneous collapse of the wave function, predicted by continuous spontaneous localization type theories.
Electrically charged particles can be created by the decay of strong enough electric fields, a phenomenon known as the Schwinger mechanism
. By electromagnetic duality, a sufficiently strong magnetic ...field would similarly produce magnetic monopoles, if they exist
. Magnetic monopoles are hypothetical fundamental particles that are predicted by several theories beyond the standard model
but have never been experimentally detected. Searching for the existence of magnetic monopoles via the Schwinger mechanism has not yet been attempted, but it is advantageous, owing to the possibility of calculating its rate through semi-classical techniques without perturbation theory, as well as that the production of the magnetic monopoles should be enhanced by their finite size
and strong coupling to photons
. Here we present a search for magnetic monopole production by the Schwinger mechanism in Pb-Pb heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, producing the strongest known magnetic fields in the current Universe
. It was conducted by the MoEDAL experiment, whose trapping detectors were exposed to 0.235 per nanobarn, or approximately 1.8 × 10
, of Pb-Pb collisions with 5.02-teraelectronvolt center-of-mass energy per collision in November 2018. A superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer scanned the trapping detectors of MoEDAL for the presence of magnetic charge, which would induce a persistent current in the SQUID. Magnetic monopoles with integer Dirac charges of 1, 2 and 3 and masses up to 75 gigaelectronvolts per speed of light squared were excluded by the analysis at the 95% confidence level. This provides a lower mass limit for finite-size magnetic monopoles from a collider search and greatly extends previous mass bounds.
High-precision experiments have been done to test the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) for electrons by searching for anomalous K-series X-rays from a Cu target supplied with electric current. With ...the highest sensitivity the VIP (VIolation of Pauli Exclusion Principle) experiment set an upper limit at the level of 10−29 for the probability that an external electron captured by a Cu atom can make the transition from the 2p state to a 1s state already occupied by two electrons. In a follow-up experiment at Gran Sasso, we aim to increase the sensitivity by two orders of magnitude. We show proofs that the proposed improvement factor is realistic based on the results from recent performance tests of the detectors we did at Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF).
The Pauli Principle represents one of the most important rules in physics and explains numerous phenomena as well as characteristic properties of matter, like its stability. Testing the validity of ...this principle at the highest possible sensitivity is a challenging experimental task - the VIP experiment at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory aims at a limit for the violation probability of the order of 10−29 to 10−30. The method is based on the search for Pauli-forbidden x-ray transitions in a pure copper conductor using silicon x-ray detectors with high resolution in energy. The experimental setup, results obtained so far and new ideas to further enhance the sensitivity will be presented.
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