GigaFitter: Performance at CDF and perspective for future applications Amerio, S.; Annovi, A.; Basile, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
11/2010, Volume:
623, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The Silicon Vertex Trigger (SVT) at CDF is made of two pipelined processors: the Associative Memory finding low precision tracks and the Track Fitter refining the track quality with high-precision ...fits. We will describe the performance of a next generation track fitter, the GigaFitter, that performs more than a fit per nanosecond. It is going to be inserted parasitically in SVT to study its capabilities to improve data taking during the high luminosity CDF runs. This device is based on modern FPGA technology, rich of powerful DSP arrays, to reduce the track parameter reconstruction to few clock cycles and perform many fits in parallel. The goal of the design was to reduce significantly the processing time required for fitting and thus allow more time for the subsequent high resolution track-fitting. Preliminary results on the algorithm latency are presented. A future more power-full version of the GigaFitter intended for LHC experiments is also discussed.
Within the framework of ATLAS research project (Interreg Alpine Space Programme 2014-2020. ID: ASP644) experts of different countries of the Alpine arc studied and compared the measures implemented ...in the various countries to strengthen and further promote the implementation of renewable energies at the local level. This study highlights those strategies and existing tools for potential assessment of renewables taking into account the applicability for historic buildings, pointing out similarities and differences as model reference between the different territorial areas. The work aims to disseminate and capitalize on the best practical experiences on the topic, and to engage as many stakeholders as possible for a wider implementation of renewable energies in the territory of the Alpine arc. Direct examples of implementation at regional and local level to exploit RES while preserving the authenticity of historic buildings and settlements to be protected in the different countries and regional areas of Alpine Region are shown exploiting their full potential with practical advice for model regions.
To evaluate the effects of methadone, administered alone or in combination with acepromazine or xylazine, on sedation and on physiologic values in dogs.
Randomized cross-over design.
Six adult ...healthy mixed-breed dogs weighing 13.5 ± 4.9 kg.
Dogs were injected intramuscularly with physiologic saline (Control), or methadone (0.5mg kg−1) or acepromazine (0.1 mg kg−1) or xylazine (1.0 mg kg−1), or acepromazine (0.05 mg kg−1) plus methadone (0.5 mg kg−1) or xylazine (0.5 mg kg−1) plus methadone (0.5 mg kg−1) in a randomized cross-over design, with at least 1-week intervals. Sedation, pulse rate, indirect systolic arterial pressure, respiratory rate (RR), body temperature and pedal withdrawal reflex were evaluated before and at 15-minute intervals for 90 minutes after treatment.
Sedation was greater in dogs receiving xylazine alone, xylazine plus methadone and acepromazine plus methadone. Peak sedative effect occurred within 30 minutes of treatment administration. Pulse rate was lower in dogs that received xylazine either alone or with methadone during most of the study. Systolic arterial pressure decreased only in dogs receiving acepromazine alone. When methadone was administered alone, RR was higher than in other treatments during most of the study and a high prevalence of panting was observed. In all treatments body temperature decreased, this effect being more pronounced in dogs receiving methadone alone or in combination with acepromazine. Pedal withdrawal reflex was absent in four dogs receiving methadone plus xylazine but not in any dog in the remaining treatments.
Methadone alone produces mild sedation and a high prevalence of panting. Greater sedation was achieved when methadone was used in combination with acepromazine or xylazine. The combination xylazine–methadone appears to result in better analgesia than xylazine administered alone. Both combinations of methadone/sedative were considered effective for premedication in dogs.
The Silicon Vertex Trigger (SVT) is a processor developed at CDF experiment to perform online fast and precise track reconstruction. SVT is made of two pipelined processors, the Associative Memory, ...finding low precision tracks, and the Track Fitter, refining the track quality whith high precision fits. We will describe the architecture and the performances of a next generation track fitter, the GigaFitter, developed to reduce the degradation of the SVT efficiency due to the increasing instantaneous luminosity. The GigaFitter reduces the track parameter reconstruction to a few clock cycles and can perform many fits in parallel, thus allowing high resolution tracking at very high rate. The core of the GigaFitter is implemented in a modern Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA chip, rich in powerful DSP arrays. The FPGA is housed on a mezzanine board which receives the data from a subset of the tracking detector and transfers the fitted tracks to a Pulsar motherboard for the final corrections. Instead of the current 12 boards, one per sector of the detector, the final system will be much more compact, consisting of a single GigaFitter Pulsar board equipped with four mezzanine cards receiving the data from the entire tracking detector. Moreover, the GigaFitter modular structure is adequate to scale for much better performances and is general enough to be easily adapted to future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments and applications outside HEP.
OBJECTIVEThere is a positive correlation between the amount of ultrafiltration and the improved survival rate of patients with ischemia or sepsis-induced acute renal failure. Continuous arteriovenous ...hemofiltration (CAVH) removes vasoactive substances with a molecular weight of less than 1000 daltons. This study evaluated the removal of platelet-activating factor, a lipid mediator of endotoxic shock, by CAVH with respect to kinetics, adsorption, and ultrafiltration.
DESIGNProspective laboratory study.
SUBJECTSNormal human subjects.
INTERVENTIONSRadioactive sup 3 H or biologically active platelet-activating factor was added to whole blood or washed blood resuspended in Tris-buffered (pH 7.2) physiologic saline with 4% human serum albumin or plasma. Whole or washed blood cells or plasma were recirculated at 100 mL/min through polysulfone hemofilters for 120 mins with ultrafiltration (condition A), without ultrafiltration (condition B), or in a static condition (condition C). Concentrations of albumin, total protein, and radioactive or biologically active platelet-activating factor in samples obtained from the blood and ultrafiltrate compartment were determined.
MEASUREMENTSBiologically active platelet-activating factor was quantified on washed rabbit platelets and results were expressed in ng/mL over a calibration curve obtained with synthetic platelet-activating factor.
MAIN RESULTSsup 3 H-platelet-activating factor added to recirculated whole blood was ultrafiltered (percent of ultrafiltered platelet-activating factor/min0.48 plus minus 0.02 SD; total platelet-activating factor removed in 120 mins15.52%; condition A) at significantly (p less than .001) higher amounts than when added to washed blood cells (percent of ultrafiltered platelet-activating factor removed/min0.195 plus minus 0.06; total platelet-activating factor removed in 120 mins7.46%). The highest amounts of sup 3 H-platelet-activating factor were bound to polysulfone membranes after recirculation with whole blood (44.5 plus minus 12.2%) than with washed blood (1.1 plus minus 0.3%) or plasma (11.9 plus minus 0.7%). Biologically active platelet-activating factor concentrations significantly decreased in both conditions A and B (maximal decrease at 120 mins63% and 59%, respectively). No significant reduction could be observed in condition C.
CONCLUSIONSThese studies provide experimental evidence for the prompt, efficient removal of platelet-activating factor in CAVH and provide a possible rationale for the beneficial effect of this therapy in the development of multiple organ failure in sepsis.(Crit Care Med 1995; 23:99-107)
PDF
