Due to the inability of conventional wastewater treatment procedures to remove organic pharmaceutical pollutants, active pharmaceutical components remain in wastewater and even reach tap water. In ...terms of pharmaceutical pollutants, the scientific community focuses on β-blockers due to their extensive (over)usage and moderately high solubility. In this study, the photocatalytic activity of V2O5 was investigated through the degradation of nadolol (NAD), pindolol (PIN), metoprolol (MET), and their mixture under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in water. For the preparation of V2O5, facile hydrothermal synthesis was used. The structural, morphological, and surface properties and purity of synthesized V2O5 powder were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray, and Raman spectroscopy. SEM micrographs showed hexagonal-shaped platelets with well-defined morphology of materials with diameters in the range of 10−65 µm and thickness of around a few microns. X-ray diffraction identified only one crystalline phase in the sample. The Raman scattering measurements taken on the catalyst confirmed the result of XRPD. Degradation kinetics were monitored by ultra-fast liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The results showed that in individual solutions, photocatalytic degradation of MET and NAD was relatively insignificant (<10%). However, in the PIN case, the degradation was significant (64%). In the mixture, the photodegradation efficiency of MET and NAD slightly increased (15% and 13%). Conversely, it reduced the PIN to the still satisfactory value of 40%. Computational analysis based on molecular and periodic density functional theory calculations was used to complement our experimental findings. Calculations of the average local ionization energy indicate that the PIN is the most reactive of all three considered molecules in terms of removing an electron from it.
Digital labor platforms play a key role in the digital transition of the European economy and are a growing phenomenon. With its growth, it brings also new forms of employment which are not regulated ...properly, which does not guarantee elementary labor human rights with a real risk of the precariousness of these forms of work. In the paper, the authors give a review of the EU legal framework and soft-law tools on platform work and elaborate on the labor law status of platform workers together with a comparative analysis of the case law in France, Italy, Spain, and the UK. In the last part of the paper, the authors give an overview of the results of the empirical research on platform work in Croatia, review the legal framework and elaborate on some de lege ferenda suggestions in line with the future EU Directive on platform work.
The relationship between professional football players and their clubs very often is defined in various ways. In some countries it is a labour law relationship, while in the others it is a civil law ...relationship. In this paper the authors present their thesis that the contract concluded between a professional football player on the one hand, and its club on the other, has the elements of a labour law relationship, especially in the context of the European (labour) law. The previously cited, the authors elaborate by the case law of the European court in Luxembourg, numerous European “soft law” documents, comparative law analyses of some EU countries (Italy, Great Britain and Germany), along with the case law of the Court of Arbitration for sport (CAS). The analyse of the labour relationship and its transformation is a factor of extreme importance which helps in defining the relationship between the professional football player as workers on the one hand, and professional football clubs as employers on the other. In the paper the authors present their perception of the problems in defining the relationship of sportspeople and clubs in the form of civil law contracts, by analysing the faults of such defining, and give their de lege ferenda proposal.
Current changes in the world of work give rise to discrimination on different grounds such as sex, rase, color, invalidity, social and maritial status etc. Flexibilisation of the labour market opens ...up new employmnet posibilities in the form of atypical employment contracts which brings less favourable conditions compare to standard form of employment (open-ended full time contract). Minorities in labour force in labour market (women, older persons, children, etc.) shows more adaptability to those conditions. Consequently, they face obstacles to accessing rights and social benefits established and regulated by labour law concived for an industrial society and standard employment contract.
The Autonomous Province (AP) of Vojvodina in Serbia is blessed with abundant surface water resources yet suffers from significant organic pollution due to inadequate waste management practices. In ...line with AP Vojvodina’s sustainability strategy, this project focuses on developing innovative technologies for managing industrial waste and removing organic pollutants from water resources. The main objective is to create an efficient and environmentally sustainable solution for integrated industrial effluent management and organic pollutant removal in AP Vojvodina. Specific goals include the development of biotechnological procedures for utilizing industrial effluents in the production of xanthan, biopolymer with potential photocatalytic activity for decomposing organic substances in natural waters. By promoting sustainable materials and technologies, the project aims to advance scientific and technological knowledge in biopolymer production and water purification, fostering regional scientific and industrial growth. The project's outcomes are expected to enhance researchers' visibility, facilitate international cooperation, and contribute to the ecological, economic, and social sustainability of AP Vojvodina.
In the paper the authors analyze the effect of the employment contract for a definite period of time on the flexibility of the employer and on the safety of the worker. They try to find a common ...denominator of the two contrasting requests through the concept of flexicurity. Although they are considered to be nonstandard forms of employment and the phenomenon of them being atypical nowadays can be seen only as an anachronism because the number of such contracts is in constant growth, the reason for this growth is obvious. These contracts are considered to be a good instrument for cutting the employer’s expenses, which optimizes his/her competitiveness on the market. At the same time this jeopardizes the worker’s safety at the labor market. In order to surpass these difficulties legislative interventions have been done on the level of the European Union. The authors analyze the effects of the Directive of EU about work at a definite period of time on the position of workers employed for a definite period of time. They also compare these effects on labor legislation of the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Germany. By comparing and analyzing solutions de lege lata, they suggest solutions de lege ferenda.
An accelerated movement of capital and services in the context of globalisation has been noted outside of the national borders of EU member states. Therefore, both transnational transactions and ...dispatched workers issues have become daily commonplace. Given that employers wish to take advantage of what the individual internal market has to offer and thus decrease the price of work, these workers find themselves in an unenviable position. In order to protect their economic and social welfare interests, it is necessary to establish a productive transnational social welfare dialogue. Due to various levels of economic development and social welfare protection, collective bargaining of social partners and initiating strike as the most effective industrial relations on the part of the world of work, might fail. However, collective actions are still linked to the national system of industrial relations marked by their specific characteristics. Nevertheless, when it comes to the regulation of industrial actions, it should be emphasised that a whole series of legal loopholes and/or poor solutions exist within these systems, in particular related to the right to strike. The situation is even more complicated by the existence of international and regional legal sources governing this subject and binding the respective countries, particularly when national legislation provisions are not harmonised. Thus, it is easy to conclude that the current situation makes it more difficult, for not only strike organisation and implementation, but also for differentiating a legal from an illegal strike at transnational and national level. The paper applies the comparative method for bringing out numerous criticisms de lege lata while offering solutions de lege ferenda.
TRANSFORMACIJA RADNOPRAVNOG ODNOSA Andrijana Bilić
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci (1991),
01/2011, Volume:
32, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Open access
U radu autorica razmatra pitanja vezana za evoluciju radnog odnosa od njegovog standardnog poimanja do moderne forme. Navodi razloge nužnosti identifikacije postojanja radnog odnosa konzultirajući ...testove koje je razvila sudska praksa. Konzultirajući radnopravne teorije radnog odnosa daje distinkciju radnog odnosa i ugovora o radu kako bi se izbjeglo njihovo daljnje poistovjećivanje. Objašnjava čimbenike i njihov utjecaj na transformaciju radnog odnosa te probleme koji se javljaju kod modernih radnih odnosa. Konzultira ekonomske doktrine kako bi se dobio uvid u utjecaj pravne regulative na radnike i poslodavce s obzirom na povećavanje njihove djelotvornosti i kreaciju dobiti, odnosno u troškove i povlastice koje donosi određena izabrana politika na tržištu u promijenjenim tržišnim i gospodarskim okolnostima. Zaključno razmatra segmente radnog odnosa u kojima je došlo do njegovog urušavanja
U radu autori razmatraju učinak ugovora o radu na određeno vrijeme
na fleksibilnost poslodavca i na sigurnost radnika. Navedeni
suprotstavljeni zahtjevi nastoje se pomiriti kroz koncept ...fleksigurnosti. Iako se smatraju nestandardnim oblicima zapošljavanja te se njihova atipičnost danas može promatrati samo kao anakronizam jer broj tako sklopljenih ugovora o radu svakodnevno raste, razvidan je razlog navedenoga porasta. Oni se smatraju pogodnim instrumentom za sniženje troškova poslodavca, optimizirajući pritom njegovu kompetitivnost na tržištu. Time je istovremeno ugrožena sigurnost radnika na tržištu rada. U prevladavanju navedenih poteškoća učinjene su zakonodavne intervencije na razini Europske unije. Autori analiziraju učinke Direktive EU-a o radu na određeno vrijeme na poziciju radnika zaposlenih na određeno vrijeme komparirajući pritom navedene učinke na radno zakonodavstvo Republike Hrvatske i Savezne Republike Njemačke. Uspoređujući i analizirajući rješenja de lege lata, predlažu rješenja de lege ferenda.
Fleksibilni oblici rada i radno pravo Andrijana Bilić
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci (1991),
01/2009, Volume:
30, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Open access
U radu autorica razmatra problem koji uvođenje fleksibilnih oblika rada ima na sigurnost u radnim odnosima. Nakon analize nužnosti uvođenja fleksibilnosti na tržištu rada te modusa njenog ostvarenja ...daje kritički osvrt regulative najčešćih oblika fleksibilnog zapošljavanja, tj. ugovora o radu na određeno vrijeme te ugovora o radu s nepunim radnim vremenom, posebice rješenja Europskog radnog zakonodavstva. Osobitu pozornost autorica posvećuje analizi reforme radnog zakonodavstva Republike Hrvatske i njen učinak na fleksibilnost tržišta rada u Republici Hrvatskoj. U zaključnim razmatranjima autorica nudi niz rješenja de lege ferenda.
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