The inadequate existence of practical techniques for water purification poses a prominent and widespread global environmental challenge. This study aims to clarify the efficacy of xanthan application ...in the photocatalytic removal of nadolol, pindolol, and cefoperazone from water reservoirs. Under the influence of a simulated solar light source, xanthan exhibited significant degradation rates for pindolol (77%) and cefoperazone (91%). In contrast, nadolol's degradation efficiency was notably lower (10%). These findings suggest that the molecular structure can substantially influence the efficiency of the purification process. Computational analyses were conducted to gain a more profound understanding of the implications of molecular structure.
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•Biosynthesized xanthan in efficient photocatalytic water purification.•Effective emulsion stabilization and environmental remediation.•Computational analysis via DFT: RDG surface and quantum-molecular descriptors.•Paving the way for sustainable environmental cleanup strategy applications.
Our study provides valuable insights into the photoinduced degradation of nadolol in the Danube River through catalytic oxidation with radicals. The presence of H2O2 under UV and UV-LED irradiation ...significantly enhanced degradation efficiency. The water matrix complexity had a significant impact on process efficiency. Nitrate, chloride, and sulfate ions exhibited an inhibitory effect on nadolol degradation by quenching •OH radicals. Additional analyses, including catalase activity, lipid peroxidation, and computational analysis, revealed proposed degradation intermediates. Six degradation intermediates were proposed, along with their NMR chemical shifts. The degree of mineralization and in vitro toxicity were assessed.
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•Eco-friendly water purification with photoinduced anions in the Danube River•The order of ions in terms of reducing photodegradation efficiency: SO42−>NO3−>Cl−•Degradation mechanism: catalase activity, lipid peroxidation, radicals neutralization•Computational analysis: DFT and MD simulations (MEP, ALIE, and RDFs)•Degree of mineralization and toxicity of nadolol and its degradation mixtures
Pitanje regulacije radnog vremena jedno je od najstarijih u povijesti radnog prava, o čemu svjedoči uspostavljena regulativa, kako na međunarodnoj, tako i na nacionalnoj razini, s ciljem skraćivanja ...radnog vremena radi zaštite sigurnosti i zdravlja radnika. S druge strane, fleksibilizacija i diverzifikacija radnog vremena, koje su započele osamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, imale su prvenstveno za cilj povećanje produktivnosti i kompetitivnosti poslodavca te stope zaposlenosti. Fleksibilizacija u radnim odnosima općenito, a napose fleksibilnost radnog vremena, doveli su do toga da se više ne mogu jasno odrediti, ne samo granice između poslovnog i obiteljskog života radnika, već niti vrijeme u kojem osoba sudjeluje u društvenom životu. Stoga je potrebno poduzeti određene napore i donijeti određene mjere koje bi omogućile da pitanje rasporeda radnog vremena ne bude samo predmet zakonskih tekstova i kolektivnih ugovora, već i individualizacije radnog vremena koja bi omogućila pojedincu da definira svoje radno vrijeme na način koji će mu omogućiti kvalitetnu harmonizaciju poslovnog i privatnog života, pazeći pri tom da se ne ugroze poslovni interesi poslodavca, kao ni „vremenski obrasci zajednice“.
The issue of the regulation of hours of work is one of the oldest in the history of labor law. This is evidenced by the established regulations, both at i nternational and national level, the aim of which were to shorten hours of work to protect the safety and health of workers. On the other hand, flexibility and diversification of hours of work which began in the eighties primarily aimed at increasing the productivity and competitiveness of employers as well as increasing the employment rate. Flexibility in labor relations in general, and in particular the flexibility of working hours have led to limitations which are no longer clearly defined, not only between work and the private life of workers, but have even determined the time in which people participate in social life. Therefore, it is necessary to make some effort to bring in certain measures that would allow that the issue of distribution of working hours to no longer be only the subject of legal texts and collective agreements, but also part of the individualization of hours of work. This would enable the individual to define his/her hours of work in a way that would better harmonize work and private life in a manner that would not pose any threats neither to the business interests of the employer nor to the “community time pattern”.
Due to the inability of conventional wastewater treatment procedures to remove organic pharmaceutical pollutants, active pharmaceutical components remain in wastewater and even reach tap water. In ...terms of pharmaceutical pollutants, the scientific community focuses on β-blockers due to their extensive (over)usage and moderately high solubility. In this study, the photocatalytic activity of V2O5 was investigated through the degradation of nadolol (NAD), pindolol (PIN), metoprolol (MET), and their mixture under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in water. For the preparation of V2O5, facile hydrothermal synthesis was used. The structural, morphological, and surface properties and purity of synthesized V2O5 powder were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray, and Raman spectroscopy. SEM micrographs showed hexagonal-shaped platelets with well-defined morphology of materials with diameters in the range of 10–65 µm and thickness of around a few microns. X-ray diffraction identified only one crystalline phase in the sample. The Raman scattering measurements taken on the catalyst confirmed the result of XRPD. Degradation kinetics were monitored by ultra-fast liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The results showed that in individual solutions, photocatalytic degradation of MET and NAD was relatively insignificant (<10%). However, in the PIN case, the degradation was significant (64%). In the mixture, the photodegradation efficiency of MET and NAD slightly increased (15% and 13%). Conversely, it reduced the PIN to the still satisfactory value of 40%. Computational analysis based on molecular and periodic density functional theory calculations was used to complement our experimental findings. Calculations of the average local ionization energy indicate that the PIN is the most reactive of all three considered molecules in terms of removing an electron from it.
β-blockers are known to have negative effects on fish and other aquatic animal species, so their removal is key for preserving aquatic ecosystems. To reduce the risks related to β-blockers, it is ...necessary to assess their effects and develop more effective treatments such as advanced oxidation processes. Improving sewage treatments is a critical approach to reducing β-blockers in aquatic environments. In this work, for the first time, the direct and indirect photolysis of nadolol (NAD) was investigated under different light sources (simulated solar (SS), UV-LED, and UV radiations) in ultrapure water. Indirect photolysis by H
2
O
2
showed 1.5, 2.1, and 5.6 times higher NAD degradation efficiency than direct photolysis under mentioned irradiations. This effect was particularly pronounced in the presence of UV radiation, in which the degradation efficiency of NAD was the highest (80.2%). Computational analysis based on density functional theory calculations, together with the results of NAD photodegradation efficiency in the presence of radical scavengers (isopropanol and benzoquinone), was used to propose the NAD degradation mechanism. Sixteen degradation intermediates were proposed, along with their NMR chemical shifts. Also, this study analyzed the degree of catalase activity, lipid peroxidation, and hydroxyl radicals neutralization of NAD and its photodegradation mixtures obtained after indirect photolysis. The degree of mineralization and
in vitro
toxicity of NAD and its degradation intermediates obtained in the presence of UV/H
2
O
2
were assessed.
U radu se razmatra mogu li COVID-potvrde opravdano utjecati na radnopravni status radnika. U tu svrhu detaljno se analizira ustavnost odluka Stožera civilne zaštite Republike Hrvatske, konkretno ...Odluka o uvođenju posebne sigurnosne mjere obveznog testiranja svih zaposlenika zdravstvenih ustanova, trgovačkih društava koje obavljaju zdravstvenu djelatnost te privatnih zdravstvenih radnika na virus SARS-CoV-2 od 28. rujna 2021. te Odluka o uvođenju posebne sigurnosne mjere obveznog testiranja dužnosnika, državnih službenika i namještenika, službenika i namještenika u javnim službama, službenika i namještenika u lokalnoj i područnoj (regionalnoj) samoupravi te zaposlenika trgovačkih društava i ustanova od 12. studenoga 2021., kao prethodno pitanje radi iznalaženja odgovora na pitanje jesu li mjerama sadržanima u gore navedenim odlukama opravdano ograničila neka zaštićena temeljna ljudska prava i slobode, a posebice u kontekstu radnopravnih odnosa pravo na rad te pravo na jednakost glede uvjeta rada.
In this paper, whether COVID certificates justifiably impact on the labor law status of employees is considered. To this aim, the constitutionality of decisions by the Civil Protection Headquarters of the Republic of Croatia is analyzed in detail. More precisely, this is the Decision to introduce special safety measures of mandatory testing for the SARS-CoV-2 virus from 28 September 2021 for all healthcare institution employees and in companies carrying out healthcare activities and for private healthcare employees, as well as the Decision to introduce special safety measures of mandatory testing of officials, government civil servants and employees, civil servants and employees in local and regional self-government and employees in companies and institutions from 12 November 2021 including the previous question of finding answers to the question of whether the measures contained in the above mentioned decisions justifiably limited some protected fundamental human rights and freedoms, in particular in the context of labor law relations of the right to work and the right to equality in regards to conditions of work.
U radu autorica razmatra problem usklađivanja ugovorne stabilnosti profesionalnih nogometaša i njihove slobode kretanja kao radnika. Nakon prikaza i analize koncepta međunarodne mobilnosti ...profesionalnih nogometaša, a posebice njegovog ograničenja u vidu sustava transfera uspostavljenog od strane FIFA-e, autorica ukazuje na najčešće probleme koji se javljaju, a vezani su uz definiranje statusa igrača, opciju jednostranog produljenja ugovora te jednostrani raskid ugovora i u tom smislu daje rješenja de lege ferenda.
U današnje doba uporabom modernih telekomunikacijskih, informacijskih i multimedijalnih tehnologija postalo je moguće određene vrste poslova obavljati izvan tradicionalnog mjesta rada, odnosno ...omogućeno je obavljanje rada na izdvojenom mjestu rada. U radu autorica razmatra ovaj koncept organizacije rada i probleme koji prate njegovu praktičnu primjenu. Daje osvrt na rješenja de lege lata na međunarodnoj i europskoj razini, kao i na ona usvojena u hrvatskom radnom zakonodavstvu. Zaključno predlaže rješenja de lege ferenda.
U radu autori razmatraju problematiku očuvanja radnih mjesta uslijed krize izazvane izbijanjem pandemije COVID-a 19. U tu svrhu analiziraju preporuke Međunarodne organizacije rada i Europske ...konfederacije sindikata te daju komparativni prikaz mjera za očuvanje radnih mjesta nekoliko nacionalnih pravnih poredaka. U zaključnim razmatranjima iznose postojeće i potencijalne probleme koji proizlaze iz primjene mjera te daju rješenja de lege ferenda.
In this paper, the authors discuss the issue of job preservation due to the crisis caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. They analyze the recommendations of the International Labor Organization and the European Trade Union Confederation and provide a comparative overview of measures to preserve jobs in several national legal orders. In their concluding remarks, they present the existing and potential problems arising from the application of the measures and provide solutions de lege ferenda.
U radu autori razmatraju problematiku očuvanja radnih mjesta uslijed krize izazvane izbijanjem pandemije COVID-a 19. U tu svrhu analiziraju preporuke Međunarodne organizacije rada i Europske ...konfederacije sindikata te daju komparativni prikaz mjera za očuvanje radnih mjesta nekoliko nacionalnih pravnih poredaka. U zaključnim razmatranjima iznose postojeće i potencijalne probleme koji proizlaze iz primjene mjera te daju rješenja de lege ferenda.
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