We live in an era of unprecedented interconnectivity and challenges (e.g., climate change, pandemics) that require global mindsets and creative approaches. While research on global identification has ...increased in recent years, the question of whether it can facilitate creativity remains largely unexplored. Moreover, despite the evidence linking multicultural experiences and global identities, migrant populations have been overly underrepresented in this area of research. We examine the association between global culture identification and creativity in the Alternate Uses Test, across two different samples residing in Spain: a host national and majorly student sample (
N
= 326) and a culturally diverse immigrant sample (
N
= 122). Additionally, we test the predictive value of ethnic identification (in both samples) and host culture identification (in the immigrant sample). Regression analyses reveal that global culture identification positively predicts creativity among host national participants, and host culture identification predicts creativity among immigrant participants. Our results suggest that developing a cultural identity that transcends the one acquired through enculturation (i.e., global culture identification for the host national sample, host culture identification for the immigrant sample) has the potential of facilitating creative behavior.
Diversity in social relations is important for reducing prejudice. Yet, the question of when this occurs remains open. Using a social network approach, we test whether the link between outgroup ...attitudes and number of intra- and intergroup contacts is moderated by type of relationship (strong vs. weak ties) and personality (openness to experience) while also considering network structure (connections between contacts). In a culturally diverse sample of 122 immigrants residing in Barcelona, positive outgroup attitudes were predicted by several network characteristics: low proportion of intragroup contacts and high proportion of intergroup contacts among strong ties, high ethnic diversity among strong ties, low connectedness among contacts in the country of origin, and high connectedness between coethnic local and host national contacts. Openness to experience moderated these effects. These results affirm the intergroup benefits of having compositionally and structurally diverse networks, and the gain in examining intergroup dynamics at the meso level of analysis.
Due to their response at the COVID-19 frontline, migrant essential workers became moral exemplars likely to boost emotions such as gratitude or admiration. We examined the effect of moral exemplars ...on outgroup attitudes, beliefs about the outgroup, intentions and behavior toward the outgroup, as well as the role of self-transcendent emotions in this link. Participants of an online panel-based experimental study (N = 651) were randomly assigned to either watch a video clip with a story about migrant essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., the moral exemplars condition) or to watch a neutral video involving migrants (i.e., the control condition), and were invited to fill in a questionnaire and donate money to an association fighting for immigrants’ rights. Compared to the control condition, participants in the moral exemplars condition manifested more positive outgroup attitudes, beliefs about the outgroup, and were more willing to help the outgroup, also via self-transcendent emotions. The exposure to the moral exemplars narrative was linked with more helping behavior (a donation to an NGO) only indirectly via self-transcendent emotions. Moral exemplars proved useful in promoting positive attitudes and prosociality toward immigrants.
This article analyzes the role of Chileans' emotions as predictors of normative and non-normative political action in the context of the post-social outbreak and the constituent process. We carried ...out three descriptive studies: first, a study conducted 1 year after the social outburst (
= 607), a second one carried out before the constitutional referendum (
= 320), and a third study conducted after the constitutional referendum (
= 210). The results indicated that participants present a higher disposition to normative over non-normative political action, although both lose strength as the studies temporally move away from the social outburst. Also, our research established that emotions directed towards different events related to the Chilean political process play a conspicuous role in predicting the disposition to mobilize in a normative and non-normative way.
In the aftermath of an intergroup conflict, along with instrumental reparations, victims may request an apology on behalf of the perpetrators, yet such political apologies are often not given. ...Whereas we know a lot about the motivations of the victims, less is known about when and why the perpetrators are willing to apologize. In this study, from the perspective of the perpetrator group, we simultaneously examined and compared support for a political apology and for instrumental reparations (e.g., financial support and other forms of assistance) offered to both former colonies and colonial-origin minorities living in the country responsible for the past colonization. We considered the indirect role of positive and negative representations of the colonial past via feelings of group-based guilt. Using a community sample of the native Dutch population ('N' = 763), we showed that the Dutch were more supportive of instrumental reparations than of political apology. They also agreed with both the positive and negative aspects of their colonial past, but they did not experience much collective guilt. Agreement with positive representations of the Dutch colonial past was, via weaker feelings of group-based guilt, related to less support for both political apology and instrumental reparations. In contrast, negative representations of the past were, via higher guilt, related to more support for these reconciliatory outcomes. These processes were similar for higher and lower in-group identifiers. Importantly, the association between guilt and support for political apology was twice as large as the one between guilt and support for instrumental reparations, suggesting that political apology is more effective in restoring the in-group’s moral self-image.
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between personal values and well-being. Two correlational studies are presented with the following random samples: (1) four native samples: two ...samples from the 2006 European Social Survey (Europe
n
1 = 28,375, Spain
n
2 = 1,321) and two Basque samples (
n
3 = 1,770;
n
4 = 820); and (2) a sample of immigrants in the Basque Country (quasirandom) (
n
5 = 1,171). Age range of respondents was 18–60 years. The instruments used were for measuring: (1) personal values (Schwartz’s PVQ-40 or PVQ-21), and (2) well-being (Bradburn’s PNA, Goldberg’s GHQ, and life satisfaction and perceived control items from the World Value Survey). Partial correlation analysis was applied, with PVQ scale response bias controlled. The data supported a positive association of hedonic and psychological well-being with openness to experience and individualist values, and a negative association with power and conservation or collectivist values. Satisfaction with life partially mediated the relationship between personal values and affect. The results support a universal association of healthy values with well-being.
La investigación sobre la memoria colectiva y las representaciones sociales de la historia en el campo de la psicología social puede proporcionar reflexiones de interés para el fortalecimiento de las ...competencias meta-cognitivas en la enseñanza de la historia. En este capítulo se revisa la bibliografía existente y la investigación empírica en este campo. En primer lugar, se analizan los procesos a través de los cuales se conforman las memorias y representaciones del pasado. A continuación, se exponen tres competencias de razonamiento necesarias para su aplicación en las prácticas de enseñanza: a) una centrada en la determinación de lo que es de importancia histórica; b) otra que aborda la identificación y la compresión de la continuidad y del cambio histórico; y c) aquella dirigida a identificar la multiplicidad de causas y consecuencias en la historia a través de la conciencia histórica y la toma de perspectiva. Concluimos nuestro capítulo con una serie de orientaciones prácticas dirigidas al profesorado o agentes relevantes en la enseñanza de la historia.
RESUMEN: El objetivo de la investigación fue validar la Escala de Tendencias de Acción Política en estudiantes de universidades tradicionales de la Región de Valparaíso, Chile. En un muestreo por ...cuotas participaron 600 estudiantes de ambos sexos, con un promedio de 20,09 años de edad (DT = 3,02). Los participantes respondieron una escala de 12 ítems que midió la disposición a participar en distintas formas de acción política. Por medio de análisis factorial confirmatorio se probaron modelos de 2 y 3 factores. El modelo de 3 factores incluyó acción política no normativa, acción política organizada y acción política normativa, obteniendo el mejor ajuste. Los análisis confirmatorios también apoyaron la invarianza métrica de la escala por sexo, religión y orientación política, lo cual permitió -por medio de t de Student- comparar medias entre estos grupos en las 3 dimensiones de la escala, demostrando su validez discriminante. Estos hallazgos aportan evidencia de la validez de la Escala de Tendencias de Acción Política. Se plantean como desafíos perfeccionar este instrumento, incorporando otras dimensiones y ampliando su aplicación a otros actores de la sociedad.
Emotional tears are vehicles for bonding between individuals, even with those belonging to different social categories. Yet, little is known about the reactions they provoke toward members of ...underprivileged groups such as immigrants or the explanatory mechanisms of their effects. Across three experiments (with 546 adults) using standardized images of emotional displays, we tested the effects of tears on cognitive inferences (of warmth and competence) and self-reported affective responses (such as compassion or discomfort), and both directly and indirectly on self-reported prosocial behavioral intentions toward an immigrant male. Compared with nontearful (i.e., neutral and sad) expressions, observers perceived a tearful immigrant as warmer but not as less competent (except for study 3). They also felt more compassion (but not discomfort) and were more willing to offer an immigrant person emotional (i.e., to approach and comfort) and instrumental support (i.e., to donate money to an organization helping immigrants but not volunteer their time). Inferred warmth and felt compassion (or compassion-related emotions) explained the effects of tears on emotional support and donation intentions. This research highlights the need to study emotion expression in the context of interethnic and, more broadly, intergroup relations and the effects of emotional tears beyond the willingness to provide immediate assistance. We also discuss implications that tears might have for promoting different types of solidarity with members of underprivileged groups such as immigrants.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ
La presente investigación examina, en estudiantes universitarios chilenos, la relación entre xenofobia, homofobia y las variables: sexo, religión y orientación política. También se evalúa el papel ...mediador del clasismo y patriocentrismo en la relación entre las variables sociodemográficas y la xenofobia y homofobia. Se utilizó metodología cuantitativa con diseño descriptivo correlacional. Los participantes fueron 509 estudiantes, con promedio de 20.81 años de edad (dt=2.25). Se utilizó un cuestionario abreviado basado en la Encuesta de Tolerancia y No Discriminación. Los análisis de varianza mostraron que existen diferencias significativas en función de sexo, religión y orientación política. Las mujeres obtuvieron puntajes significativamente menores que los hombres en homofobia; las personas no religiosas y de izquierda obtuvieron menores puntuaciones en todas las dimensiones analizadas, comparado con las personas religiosas y de derecha. Los análisis de mediación múltiple mostraron que las variables mediadoras explican esas diferencias en la homofobia y la xenofobia.
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