The Austrian writer Jean Améry (1912–1978) was one of the earliest skeptical observers of contemporary trends in French philosophy in the 20th century. His essays can be considered both a dialogue ...with existentialism and an attempt to create a phenomenology of the existence of the victim after Auschwitz. In contrast to structuralism in general and namely directed against Michel Foucault, Améry insisted on the freedom of the subject and its particular experience. In this paper, I examine Améry's criticism of Foucault's early thinking and connect Foucault's later conception of the subject with Améry's reflections on philosophical criticism.
The reliability and efficiency of components are key aspects in the automotive industry. Electric machines become the focus of development. Thus, improvements in efficiency and reliability have ...gained significance. While it is established to attach sensors to the fixed parts of machines, such as stators, moving parts like rotors pose a major challenge due to the power supply. Piezoelectric generators can operate as energy harvesters on rotors and thus enable the rotor-based integration of sensors. The research in this article proposes the first approach to the design of a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) for an electric machine rotor dedicated to powering a wireless sensor system. After introducing the field of PEHs, the integration of the proposed device on a rotor shaft is presented. Further, a gap between the provided and needed data for the design of a PEH is identified. To overcome this gap, a method is presented, starting with the definition of the rotor shaft dimensions and the applied mechanical loads, including a method for the calculation of the imbalance of the rotor. With the first set of dimensions of the shaft and PEH, a co-simulation is performed to calculate the power output of this rotor and PEH set. The results of the simulation indicate the feasible implementation of the PEH on the rotor, providing enough energy to power a temperature sensor.
High Speed Wire EDM (HSWEDM) is characterized by high relative velocities between its electrodes which appear in almost no other field of electrical discharge machining (EDM). Also, it previously has ...been described as a hybrid process. Consequently, material removal mechanisms show significant differences compared with other EDM processes. In this research, single discharge craters of HSWEDM processes were examined, and their geometrical features were associated with the underlying parameters. Discharge crater geometries on the workpiece electrode (anode) could be investigated by measurements whilst those on the wire electrode (cathode) were calculated. Results show that the high wire velocity leads to moving foot points on both electrodes. Pulse duration and the type of working medium influence the generation of discharge craters and thus their geometry and the modes of material removal. Static discharges and anodic dissolution could also be identified as material removal mechanisms and characterized in their geometrical properties. However, they are of secondary importance.
The primal separation problem for {0,1/2}-cuts is: Given a vertex xˆ of the integer hull of a polytope P and some fractional point x⁎∈P, does there exist a {0,1/2}-cut that is tight at xˆ and ...violated by x⁎? We present two cases for which primal separation is solvable in polynomial time. Furthermore, we show that the optimization problem over the {0,1/2}-closure can be solved in polynomial time up to a factor (1+ε), for any fixed ε>0.
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, providing digital texts as learning material had become a common practice in academia. But little is known about who profits from and who loses out when moving from ...print to digital reading in higher education. In this study, we connect digital reading to digital divides, and draw on a unique data set of university students digital reading practices obtained by a quantitative survey during the lockdown semester in three European countries. Based on the statistical results for digital reading access, attitudes, motivation, skills, behavior, and support, we argue that varying digital reading experiences of students are linked to inequalities in higher education opportunities. In conclusion, our results contrast current digital policies of merely improving access to digital texts in academia to democratize higher education.
Background
The digitalisation of literature is proliferating, and the increasing spread of digital reading devices and the availability of digital texts is likely to make books on screen a lasting ...phenomenon, but little attention has been paid to the consequences of digitalisation for the experience of narrative fiction. While on the one hand, reading literature on a digital reading device might trigger a superficial processing of the text, and problems regarding orientation within the narrative, the awareness of reading a literary text might, on the other hand, lead to more in‐depth and complex processing, independent of reading medium. This study examines whether the reading performance and the emotional and cognitive experiences of the reception of a literary text vary between reading a printed book or an e‐reader.
Methods
Using a between‐subjects experimental design, 207 participants read the beginning of a novel either in a printed book or on an e‐reader. They then completed a reading comprehension test and questionnaires about their cognitive and emotional experiences.
Results
Overall, the results do not suggest the clear superiority of either of the two reading media. Neither reading speed nor reading comprehension differed significantly between the two groups. Even though a broad range of reading experiences was measured, neither cognitive nor emotional reading experiences differed significantly between the groups.
Conclusion
An e‐reader does not affect either reading performance or cognitive and emotional experience of reading a narrative text, compared with a printed book.
Highlights
What is already known about this topic
Different reading media have different affordances.
In general, reading comprehension of narrative texts does not differ between digital and paper reading.
There is almost no empirical research into the effect of digital reading devices on reading dimensions other than comprehension.
What this paper adds
Extensive research into the emotional and cognitive reading dimensions of different reading media when reading a complex literary text.
There are no differences between an e‐reader and a printed book in subjective emotional and cognitive reading experiences during reading.
The objective reading performance (reading comprehension and reading speed) depends very little on the reading medium.
Implications for theory, policy or practice
E‐readers do not differ in most reading dimensions from the printed book when reading a narrative text.
Neither the printed book nor the e‐reader is superior to the other one when reading a narrative text.
E‐readers are better than their reputation.
Literatur am Bildschirm Schwabe, Annika; Brandl, Lukas; Boomgaarden, Hajo G. ...
Orbis litterarum,
October 2020, Volume:
75, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Die Digitalisierung des Lesens nimmt mit der Verbreitung digitaler Lesegeräte und der Verfügbarkeit digitaler Texte zu, so dass das Lesen von Büchern auf dem Bildschirm zu einem dauerhaften Phänomen ...werden könnte. Nach zentralen Thesen kulturwissenschaftlicher ebenso wie kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Theoriebildung gehen unterschiedliche Lesemedien mit einem unterschiedlichen Leseverhalten und unterschiedlichen Leseerfahrungen einher. Ausgehend von der Frage, inwiefern sich die Leseerfahrung bei literarischen Texten durch das jeweilige Lesemedium verändert, bietet dieser Forschungsbericht einen systematischen und detaillierten Überblick über die Ergebnisse von 42 bisher dazu durchgeführten empirischen Studien und versucht damit die interdisziplinäre Kommunikation zwischen empirischer Leseforschung und Literaturwissenschaft zu intensivieren. Auf der Basis der bislang durchgeführten Studien kann die These, ein digitales Lesemedium würde sich negativ auf das Verstehen von narrativen Texten auswirken, nicht bestätigt werden. Im Gegenteil scheint es hinsichtlich des Textverständnisses, der zentralen Dimension in den meisten Studien, keinen Unterschied zu machen, ob am Bildschirm oder gedruckt gelesen wird. Diese empirischen Befunde werden abschließend einer kritischen Einschätzung und Diskussion unterzogen. Dabei werden mehrere Forschungslücken bzw. Desiderata einer künftigen Leseforschung genannt, insbesondere die Herausforderung, den Leseprozess im Allgemeinen und den Einfluss digitaler Lesemedien auf die Leseerfahrung im Besonderen adäquat zu operationalisieren und zu messen. Denn im Vergleich zu informativen Texten erfordert vor allem das Lesen von Literatur Analyseinstrumente, die der Komplexität der Texte und dem multidimensionalen Leseprozess gerecht werden.
"Lukas Brandl, geboren 1993, hat im Januar 2017 seine Ausbildung als Elektroniker für Automatisierungstechnik bei der Evonik Technology & Infrastructure GmbH am Standort Marl abgeschlossen. Im Herbst ...wird er sein duales Studium "Industrielles Servicemanagement" an der FH Dortmund beenden. Die Zeit zwischen Ausbildungsabschluss und Beginn der Bachelor-Arbeit nutzte er für einen zweimonatigen Auslandsaufenthalt am Evonik Standort in Mobile, Alabama." (Autorenreferat; BIBB-Doku).
The Austrian writer Jean Améry (1912-1978) was one of the earliest skeptical observers of contemporary trends in French philosophy in the 20sup.th century. His essays can be considered both a ...dialogue with existentialism and an attempt to create a phenomenology of the existence of the victim after Auschwitz. In contrast to structuralism in general and namely directed against Michel Foucault, Améry insisted on the freedom of the subject and its particular experience. In this paper, I examine Améry's criticism of Foucault's early thinking and connect Foucault's later conception of the subject with Améry's reflections on philosophical criticism. Keywords: améry, foucault, subjectivity, existentialism, structuralism
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