The inhabitants of Tunants and Yahuahua face water supply problems in terms of quantity and quality, leading to socio-environmental and health impacts in the areas. The objective of this research, ...therefore, is to determine the technical and economic feasibility of a proposal for a rainwater harvesting and treatment system for human consumption in the native communities. For the technical feasibility, monthly water demand per family was compared with the amount of water collected in the rainy and dry seasons. In addition, 16 physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were evaluated at the inlet and outlet of the water system. The economic feasibility was determined by the initial investment and maintenance of the systems; with the benefits, we obtained the net present social value (NPSV), social internal rate of return (SIRR), and cost-effectiveness (CE). Technically, oxygenation and chlorination in the storage tanks allowed for water quality in physical, chemical, and microbiological aspects, according to the D.S. N° 031-2010-SA standard, in all cases. Finally, with an initial investment of S/2,600 and S/70.00 for annual maintenance of the system, it is possible to supply up to six people per family with an average daily consumption of 32.5 L per person. It is suggested that the system be used at scale in the context of native communities in north-eastern Peru.
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar el agua de los lagos de las comunidades nativas, Tunants y Yahuahua. Con la finalidad de conservar el ambiente acuático para su potencial uso ...ecoturístico. Estos están localizados en la provincia de Condorcanqui, Amazonas, Perú. Se establecieron dos puntos de muestreo, uno por cada lago, las evaluaciones se realizaron en la temporada lluviosa. Se evaluaron parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos. Los principales resultados expresan un pH de 7 para ambos lagos. Con respecto a la DBO5, en el lago de Tunants la mediana se encontró en 1.8 mg/L de O2 y el lago de Yahuahua la mediana se encuentra entre 1.45 mg/L de O2. Éstos se correlacionan fuertemente de forma negativa con los sulfatos. Con respecto a los metales pesados la mayor concentración fue el Zinc 0.0375 ppm correspondiente al lago de Yahuahua. El análisis microbiológico mostró una concentración de coliformes totales (CT) >1600 NMP/100mL.
En su mayoría los habitantes de las comunidades nativas de Amazonas no tienen acceso al agua para su consumo, pero disponen de agua de lluvia, como uno de los recursos más importantes; por ello el ...objetivo de la investigación fue implementar un prototipo de sistema para potabilizar el agua de lluvia en la comunidad nativa Yahuahua. Se efectuó la colecta y el análisis de las muestras del agua de lluvia. La colecta se realizó con dos pluviómetros, se determinó la colecta diaria y se evaluó la demanda para una familia de 6 personas, mediante el empleo de un prototipo de sistema de recolección, almacenamiento, tratamiento y abastecimiento, sustentado en la metodología y recomendaciones de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) y del Centro Panamericano de Ingeniería Sanitaria (CEPIS); además, se determinó el volumen del tanque de almacenamiento mediante la evaluación de la oferta y la demanda. La colecta máxima diaria mensual varía de 1,44 a 2,88 m3 y el promedio diario mensual de 0,29 a 0,55 m3 de agua de lluvia que satisface la demanda diaria de 0,18 m3 para de una familia de seis personas y un volumen de almacenamiento de 1 167 litros. El análisis de las muestras se hizo con los métodos 4500-H*, 2320B, 4500-C1-B, 2340C, 4500 NH3 C, 3120-B (Método de Plasma de Acoplamiento Inductivo) de las normas APHA, AWWA, WPFC; 8039, 8507, 819000 norma HACH; 375.4 norma EPA y Técnica Estandarizada de Fermentación en Tubo Múltiple (NMP) de coliformes totales. El agua de lluvia procesada por el prototipo y tratada con hipoclorito de sodio al 5%, con una concentración de 28 ml para 1 000 litros, cumple con la calidad de agua para consumo humano establecida en la norma peruana D.S.-031-2010-SA. Palabras claves: Colecta de agua de lluvia, cantidad y calidad, Amazonas ABSTRACT Most of the inhabitants of the native communities of the Amazon do not have access to water for their consumption, but they do have rainwater, as one of the most important resources; Therefore, the objective of the research was to implement a prototype system to make rainwater drinkable in the Yahuahua native community. The collection and analysis of the rainwater samples was carried out. The collection was carried out with two rain gauges, the daily collection was determined and the demand for a family of 6 people was evaluated, through the use of a prototype collection, storage, treatment and supply system, based on the methodology and recommendations of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the Pan American Center (CEPIS); In addition, the volume of the storage tank was determined by evaluating supply and demand. The maximum daily monthly collection varies from 1,44 to 2,88 m3 and the daily monthly average of 0,29 to 0,55 m3 of rain water that meets the daily needs of 0,18 m3 for a family of six people and a volume storage of 1167 liters. The analysis of the samples was done with the methods 4500-H*, 2320B, 4500-C1-B, 2340C, 4500 NH3C, 3120-B (Inductive Coupling Plasma Method) of the APHA, AWWA, WPFC standards; 8039, 8507, 819000 HACH standard; 375.4 EPA standard and Standardized Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique (NMP) of total coliforms. The rainwater processed by the prototype and treated with 5% sodium hypochlorite, with a concentration of 28 ml for 1 000 liters, complies with the quality of water for human consumption established in the Peruvian standard DS-031-2010-SA. Keywords: rainwater collection, quantity and quality, Amazonas DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rebiol.2020.40.02.07
The Hill of Cerro Campana located in the north of the desert of the Pacific, is a unique ecosystem to host a high and specialbiological diversity, within which we find the "hummingbird ", very active ...and colorful bird species that feed on nectar and flower pollen. The objective of this work was to determine the number of interactions or visits of the hummingbirds to the species of flowering plants in the ACP Lomas del Cerro Campana, during 2021. For which were made 24 fixed points of counting, randomly distributed between the windward and leeward sides of this ridge and where interactions or visits to the flower of plants were recorded by the species of hummingbirds identified by direct and auditory observation. The presence of: Amazilia amazilia, Myrtis fanny, Myrmia micruraand Rhodopis vesper; birds that fed on the flowers of 20 plant species, belonging to 17 genera and 10 families; finding that Amazilia had preference for 16 plant species, Myrtis fannyby 06 species, Myrmia micruraby 08 species and Rhodopis vesperby 11 species of plants. These birds had a greater preference for interaction or visits by the flowers of species of the families Cactaceae, Bromeliaceae and Capparaceae. The plant species with which they had a greater number of interactions were: Puya ferruginea, with 12 interactions; Espostoa melanostele, Opuntia quitensiswith 9 each, Colicodendron scabridumwith 7; Tillandsia multiflora and Haageocereus decumbenswith 6 interactions each. These species, besides playing an important role in pollination, are an alternative to promote ecotourism in this ACP.
A partir de trabajo de campo y revisión bibliográfica se reporta la red trófica que está asociada al sapote (Colicodendron scabridum) en el Área de Conservación Privada Lomas del Cerro Campana (ACP ...LCC), en el departamento de La Libertad, norte de Perú. Nuestros resultados indican que al menos 51 especies de fauna, que incluyen 20 insectos, 5 arácnidos, 2 gasterópodos y 24 vertebrados son parte de la red trófica asociada a esta especie forestal. Esta diversidad incluye el 42,9% de la comunidad de vertebrados del ACP LCC reportados hasta la fecha, incluyendo especies endémicas como Microlophus keopckoerum, Microlophus thoracicus, Dicrodon heterolepis, Geositta peruviana, Piezorina cinerea y Phyllotis amicus; además de otras especies de aves como: Athene cunicularia, Falco sparverius, Geranoaetus melanoleucus y mamíferos como Lagidium peruanum, Leopardus garleppi y Lycalopex sechurae. El sapote constituye un productor clave en la red trófica de este ecosistema y está seriamente amenazado, por lo que se requiere fortalecer más su protección en las partes bajas y adyacentes del ACP LCC. Palabras clave: ACP Lomas del Cerro Campana, Colicodendron scabridum, red trófica. Abstract We studied the web food associated to the sapote tree (Colicodendron scabridum) at Lomas del Cerro Campana Private Conservation Area LCC PCA (La Libertad department, northern Peru) by field working and bibliography analysis. Our results show that at least 51 fauna species including 20 insects, 5 arachnids, 2 gastropods and 23 vertebrates are part of the web food asociated to this tree species. This diversity means 42,9% of vertebrates of the LCC PCA reported to date, including endemic species such as Microlophus keopckoerum, Microlophus thoracicus, Dicrodon heterolepis, Geositta peruviana, Piezorina cinerea and Phyllotis amicus; but also, other important mammal species such as Lagidium peruanum, Leopardus garleppi y Lycalopex sechurae. The sapote tree is a key producer at this area but is also threatened. Strengthening of protection actions in the lower parts of the LCC PCA and adjacent areas is highly needed. Keywords: Colicodendron scabridum, food web, Lomas del Cerro Campana PCA. *Autor para correspondencia: E. mail: cmedinae@unitru.edu.pe DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rebiol.2021.41.01.04
El presente estudio evaluó la calidad del agua de la cuenca río Huacamarcanga, ubicado en la sierra del norte peruano durante los meses de junio (época de estiaje) y diciembre (época de lluvias); del ...año 2017, para ello, se utilizó como indicadores a los macroinvertebrados bentónicos, el Índice BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party) adaptado para norte de Perú y parámetros fisicoquímicos: temperatura (grados centígrados), pH (cantidad de iones de hidrógeno), oxígeno disuelto (mg/L),conductibilidad eléctrica (μS/cm), fosfatos (mg/L), sulfatos (mg/L). Se establecieron 4 puntos de muestreo a lo largo de la cuenca (entre los 3780 a 3725 m.s.n.m). Los resultados mostraron una calidad de agua variable entre buena a crítica en época de estiaje y de aceptable a crítica en época lluviosa; los parámetros fisicoquímicos cumplieron con los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental (ECAs) para Categoría 3 y 4 establecidos en el DS N°004-2017 MINAM. Palabras claves: Calidad de agua, río Huacamarcanga, bioindicadores, Estándares de Calidad Ambiental (ECA). ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the water quality of the Huacamarcanga river basin, located in the northern Peruvian highlands during the months of June (dry season) and December (rainy season); From 2017, for this, benthic macroinvertebrates, the BMWP Index (Biological Monitoring Working Party) adapted for northern Peru and physicochemical parameters: temperature (degrees Centigrade), pH (amount of hydrogen ions), dissolved oxygen were used as indicators. (mg/L), electrical conductivity (μS /cm), phosphates (mg / L) sulphates (mg/L) 4 sampling points were established throughout the basin (between 3780 to 3725 masl). The results showed a quality of water that varies from good to critical in the dry season and from acceptable to critical in the rainy season; the physicochemical parameters complied with the Environmental Quality Standards (ECAs) for Category 3 and 4 established in Supreme Decree No. 004-2017 MINAM. Keywords: Water quality, Huacamarcanga river, bioindicators, Environmental Quality Standards (ECA).
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