Resumo Objetivo Mapear a produção científica sobre as estratégias educativas e os conteúdos abordados na educação de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Métodos Esta é uma revisão de escopo em que a seleção dos ...artigos foi realizada em abril de 2021 e atualizada em outubro de 2022 em dez fontes de dados; a revisão seguiu os pressupostos estabelecidos pelo Joanna Briggs Institute e o checklist dos Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Os resultados foram analisados descritivamente e sintetizados em um quadro. Resultados Foram selecionados 17 estudos com publicação predominante em 2017; Estados Unidos da América e Brasil foram os países com a maior quantidade de produções. A maioria dos estudos buscou avaliar o impacto e a eficácia das estratégias e desenvolver ou validar instrumentos de educação em saúde e atividades de prevenção. Em relação ao conteúdo abordado pelas estratégias, foram formadas cinco categorias: orientação inicial sobre HIV/AIDS, cuidados gerais, vida saudável, saúde sexual e suporte emocional. As estratégias educativas que se destacaram em relação à maior adesão dos pacientes ao tratamento estão relacionadas com o desenvolvimento de sistemas, programas e multimídia. As cartilhas promoveram empoderamento e autonomia de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Conclusão Foram mapeadas as principais estratégias educativas, com destaque para cartilhas, material impresso, recursos multimídia, sistemas, formulários e oficinas/workshops, abordando orientação inicial sobre HIV/AIDS, tratamento farmacológico, cuidados gerais, vida saudável, saúde sexual e suportes social e emocional.
Resumen Objetivo Mapear la producción científica sobre las estrategias educativas y los contenidos abordados en la educación de personas que viven con el VIH. Métodos Esta es una revisión de alcance, cuya selección de artículos se realizó en abril de 2021 y se actualizó en octubre de 2022 en diez fuentes de datos. La revisión siguió las premisas establecidas por el Joanna Briggs Institute y la checklist de los Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Los resultados fueron analizados descriptivamente y sintetizados en un cuadro. Resultados Se seleccionaron 17 estudios con publicación predominante en 2017. Estados Unidos de América y Brasil fueron los países con mayor cantidad de producciones. La mayoría de los estudios buscó evaluar el impacto y la eficacia de las estrategias y elaborar o validar instrumentos de educación para la salud y actividades de prevención. Con relación al contenido abordado por las estrategias, se formaron cinco categorías: instrucciones iniciales sobre VIH/SIDA, cuidados generales, vida saludable, salud sexual y apoyo emocional. Las estrategias educativas que se destacaron con relación a una mayor adhesión de los pacientes al tratamiento están relacionadas con el desarrollo de sistemas, programas y multimedia. Las cartillas promovieron empoderamiento y autonomía de personas que viven con el VIH. Conclusión Se mapearon las principales estrategias educativas, con énfasis en cartillas, material impreso, recursos multimedia, sistemas, formularios y talleres/workshops, que abordaron instrucciones iniciales sobre VIH/SIDA, tratamiento farmacológico, cuidados generales, vida saludable, salud sexual y apoyo social y emocional. Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/754uk/?view_only=6491865a3d12424d81af2c4099c112c3
Abstract Objective To map the scientific production on educational strategies and the content covered in the education of people living with HIV. Methods This is a scoping review in which the selection of articles was carried out in April 2021 and updated in October 2022 in ten data sources; the review followed the assumptions established by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the checklist of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The results were descriptively analyzed and summarized in a chart. Results A total of 17 studies were selected, predominantly published in 2017; The USA and Brazil were the countries with the largest number of productions. Most studies sought to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of strategies and develop or validate health education instruments and prevention activities. Concerning the content covered by the strategies, five categories were formed: initial guidance on HIV/AIDS, general care, healthy living, sexual health, and emotional support. The educational strategies that stood out concerning greater patient adherence to treatment are related to the development of systems, programs, and multimedia. The booklets promoted empowerment and autonomy for people living with HIV. Conclusion The main educational strategies were mapped, with emphasis on booklets, printed material, multimedia resources, systems, forms, and workshops, covering initial guidance on HIV/AIDS, pharmacological treatment, general care, healthy living, sexual health, and social and emotional support. Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/754uk/?view_only=6491865a3d12424d81af2c4099c112c3
Objective: To map the scientific production on educational strategies and the content covered in the education of people living with HIV. Methods: This is a scoping review in which the selection of ...articles was carried out in April 2021 and updated in October 2022 in ten data sources; the review followed the assumptions established by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the checklist of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The results were descriptively analyzed and summarized in a chart. Results: A total of 17 studies were selected, predominantly published in 2017; The USA and Brazil were the countries with the largest number of productions. Most studies sought to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of strategies and develop or validate health education instruments and prevention activities. Concerning the content covered by the strategies, five categories were formed: initial guidance on HIV/AIDS, general care, healthy living, sexual health, and emotional support. The educational strategies that stood out concerning greater patient adherence to treatment are related to the development of systems, programs, and multimedia. The booklets promoted empowerment and autonomy for people living with HIV. Conclusion: The main educational strategies were mapped, with emphasis on booklets, printed material, multimedia resources, systems, forms, and workshops, covering initial guidance on HIV/AIDS, pharmacological treatment, general care, healthy living, sexual health, and social and emotional support.
Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre a presença da incisura diastólica nas artérias uterinas maternas e as alterações histopatológicas dos vasos útero-placentários. Métodos: estudo transversal ...incluindo 144 pacientes com gestação única interrompida por via abdominal entre a 27ª e a 41ª semana. Destas, 84 gestações estavam associadas à pré-eclâmpsia e 60 não apresentaram intercorrências clínicas. Neste grupo realizou-se dopplerfluxometria de ambas as artérias uterinas e biópsia do leito placentário. Resultados: das 144 pacientes, 88 (61%) tiveram o fragmento da biópsia considerado representativo do leito placentário. A incisura diastólica estava presente em 40 (70%) dos casos de alterações fisiológicas inadequadas e ausente em 28 (90%) dos casos de alterações fisiológicas presentes (p=0,05). A dopplerfluxometria apresentou sensibilidade de 70%, especificidade de 90% e valores preditivos positivo e negativo de 44 e 97%, respectivamente. A associação entre a presença de incisura diastólica bilateral das artérias uterinas e arteriopatia decidual também foi significativa (dos 25 casos de arteriopatia decidual a incisura estava presente em 24, p=0,05). A sensibilidade da dopplerfluxometria foi de 96%, especificidade de 70% e valores preditivos positivo e negativo de 26 e 99%, respectivamente, ao passo que para a arteriolosclerose a dopplerfluxometria apresentou sensibilidade de 80%, especificidade de 55% e valores preditivos positivo e negativo de 17 e 96%, respectivamente. Conclusões: a incisura diastólica nas artérias uterinas maternas é indicador seguro de vasculopatia no leito placentário. A adequada invasão trofoblástica do leito placentário, revelada por histologia típica de alterações fisiológicas, resulta na ausência de incisura diastólica bilateral das artérias uterinas maternas.Purpose: to evaluate the association between the presence of diastolic notch in the maternal uterine arteries, and the histopathological changes of the uteroplacental vessels. Methods: transversal study of 144 women with single pregnancy interrupted by cesarean section between 27 and 41 weeks. In this sample, 84 had pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and the other 60 were normal. In this group, Doppler study of both uterine arteries and placental bed biopsy was performed. Results: of the total of 144 patients, 88 patients (61%) had a biopsy fragment that was considered representative of the placental bed. The diastolic notch was present in 40 patients (70%) of the total of cases with inadequate physiologic alterations and absent in 28 patients (90%) of the total of cases with physiologic alterations (p=0.0000). The Doppler study showed 70% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 44% positive predictive value and 97% negative predictive value. The association between bilateral diastolic notch of uterine arteries and acute atherosis in the placental bed was also significant (24 out of 25 cases -- p=0.000). The Doppler study showed 96% sensitivity, 70% specificity, 26% positive predictive value and 99% negative predictive value, while for arteriolosclerosis its results were 80% sensitivity, 55% specificity, 17% positive predictive value and 96% negative predictive value. Conclusions: the diastolic notch in the maternal uterine is a safe indicator of pathological vessel alteration in the placental bed. The adequate trophoblast migration into the myometrium, revealed by physiologic changes, results in the absence of bilateral diastolic notch of the maternal uterine arteries.
Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre a presença da incisura diastólica nas artérias uterinas maternas e as alterações histopatológicas dos vasos útero-placentários. Métodos: estudo transversal ...incluindo 144 pacientes com gestação única interrompida por via abdominal entre a 27ª e a 41ª semana. Destas, 84 gestações estavam associadas à pré-eclâmpsia e 60 não apresentaram intercorrências clínicas. Neste grupo realizou-se dopplerfluxometria de ambas as artérias uterinas e biópsia do leito placentário. Resultados: das 144 pacientes, 88 (61%) tiveram o fragmento da biópsia considerado representativo do leito placentário. A incisura diastólica estava presente em 40 (70%) dos casos de alterações fisiológicas inadequadas e ausente em 28 (90%) dos casos de alterações fisiológicas presentes (p=0,05). A dopplerfluxometria apresentou sensibilidade de 70%, especificidade de 90% e valores preditivos positivo e negativo de 44 e 97%, respectivamente. A associação entre a presença de incisura diastólica bilateral das artérias uterinas e arteriopatia decidual também foi significativa (dos 25 casos de arteriopatia decidual a incisura estava presente em 24, p=0,05). A sensibilidade da dopplerfluxometria foi de 96%, especificidade de 70% e valores preditivos positivo e negativo de 26 e 99%, respectivamente, ao passo que para a arteriolosclerose a dopplerfluxometria apresentou sensibilidade de 80%, especificidade de 55% e valores preditivos positivo e negativo de 17 e 96%, respectivamente. Conclusões: a incisura diastólica nas artérias uterinas maternas é indicador seguro de vasculopatia no leito placentário. A adequada invasão trofoblástica do leito placentário, revelada por histologia típica de alterações fisiológicas, resulta na ausência de incisura diastólica bilateral das artérias uterinas maternas.
Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae complex are the two species of this genus most involved in healthcare-associated infections that are ESBL and carbapenemase producers. This study ...characterized, phenotypically and genotypically, 51 isolates of E. aerogenes and E. cloacae complex originating from infection or colonization in patients admitted to a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, by antimicrobial susceptibility profile, analysis of β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaKPC, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaSPM), PCR and DNA sequencing, plasmid profile and ERIC-PCR. In both species, the genes blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaKPC were detected. The DNA sequencing confirmed the variants blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15 and blaKPC-2 in isolates. More than one gene conferring resistance in the isolates, including the detection of the three previously cited genes in strains isolated from infection sites, was observed. The detection of blaCTX-M was more frequent in isolates from infection sites than from colonization. The gene blaKPC predominated in E. cloacae complex isolates obtained from infections; however, in E. aerogenes isolates, it predominated in samples obtained from colonization. A clonal relationship among all of E. aerogenes isolates was detected by ERIC-PCR. The majority of E. cloacae complex isolates presented the same ERIC-PCR pattern. Despite the clonal relation presented by the isolates using ERIC-PCR, different plasmid and resistance profiles and several resistance genes were observed. The clonal dissemination and the accumulation of β-lactam resistance determinants presented by the isolates demonstrated the ability of E. aerogenes and E. cloacae complex, obtained from colonization and infection, to acquire and maintain different resistance genes.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important pathogen globally, presents several resistance mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the presence of bla GES in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ...obtained from various clinical specimens from patients admitted to three different hospitals in Recife, Brazil. The Guiana extended spectrum beta-lactamase (GES) enzymes are responsible for conferring broad spectrum resistance to beta-lactam drugs, including the carbapenems.
A total of 100 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing to identify bla GES, bla KPC, bla SPM-1, bla IMP, and bla VIM. Additionally, PCR products positive for bla GES were sequenced. The clonal profiles of these same isolates were then determined by means of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR analysis.
PCR analysis revealed that four isolates harbored bla GES; DNA sequencing showed that two harbored bla GES-1 and two bla GES-11. Beta-lactamase genes bla SPM-1, bla IMP, bla VIM, and bla KPC were investigated; none of these genes was detected. Automated susceptibility testing methods (Vitek®2, bioMérieux) showed that the bla GES-1-positive isolates were only susceptible to polymyxin B. The patterns obtained with ERIC-PCR methods showed clonal relationship between the two isolates that harbored bla GES-11, whereas different clonal profiles were found in the isolates harboring bla GES-1.
We detected the presence of bacterial isolates positive for two different variants of the enzyme GES in three different hospitals from Recife, Brazil. These enzymes have a great capacity for dissemination among Gram-negative bacteria and confer broad-spectrum resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and to the carbapenems.
The emergence of carbapenem resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been outstanding due to the wide spectrum of antimicrobial degradation of these bacteria, reducing of therapeutic ...options.
Sixty-one clinical strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from five public hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, were examined between 2006 and 2010, aiming of evaluating the profiles of virulence, resistance to antimicrobials, presence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes, and clonal relationship among isolates.
A high percentage of virulence factors (34.4% mucoid colonies; 70.5% pyocyanin; 93.4% gelatinase positives; and 72.1% hemolysin positive) and a high percentage of antimicrobial resistance rates (4.9% pan-resistant and 54.1% multi-drug resistant isolates) were observed. Among the 29 isolates resistant to imipenem and/or ceftazidime, 44.8% (13/29) were MBL producers by phenotypic evaluation, and of these, 46.2% (6/13) were positive for the blaSPM-1 gene. The blaIMP and blaVIM genes were not detected. The molecular typing revealed 21 molecular profiles of which seven were detected in distinct hospitals and periods. Among the six positive blaSPM-1 isolates, three presented the same clonal profile and were from the same hospital, whereas the other three presented different clonal profiles.
These results revealed that P. aeruginosa is able to accumulate different resistance and virulence factors, making the treatment of infections difficult. The identification of blaSPM-1 genes and the dissemination of clones in different hospitals, indicate the need for stricter application of infection control measures in hospitals in Recife, Brazil, aiming at reducing costs and damages caused by P. aeruginosa infections.
Detection of bla KPC-2 in Proteus mirabilis in Brazil Cabral, Adriane Borges; Maciel, Maria Amélia Vieira; Barros, Josineide Ferreira ...
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical,
02/2015, Volume:
48, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing isolates pose a major worldwide public health problem today.
A carbapenem-resistant Proteus mirabilis clinical isolate was ...investigated for plasmid profiles and the occurrence of β-lactamase genes.
The isolate exhibited resistance to ertapenem and imipenem and was susceptible to meropenem, polymyxin, and tigecycline. Five plasmids were identified in this isolate. DNA sequencing analysis revealed the presence of bla KPC-2 and bla TEM-1 genes. An additional PCR using plasmid DNA confirmed that bla KPC-2 was present in one of these plasmids.
We report the detection of bla KPC-2 in P. mirabilis in Brazil for the first time. This finding highlights the continuous transfer of bla KPC between bacterial genera, which presents a serious challenge to the prevention of infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
We aimed to characterize
Haemophilus influenzae
invasive isolates recovered in Portugal over a 9-year period (2002–2010) following the inclusion of
H
.
influenzae
serotype b (Hib) conjugate ...vaccination in the National Immunization Program (NIP) in the year 2000 and compare the results with those obtained in a similar study from the pre-vaccination era (1989–2001) previously described by us. As part of a laboratory-based passive surveillance system, 144 invasive isolates obtained in 28 Portuguese hospitals were received at the National Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Respiratory Infections and were characterized. Capsular types and antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined. The
ftsI
gene encoding PBP3 was sequenced for β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) isolates. Genetic relatedness among isolates was examined by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST). Most isolates (77.1 %) were non-capsulated, a significant increase compared to the pre-vaccination era (19.0 %,
p
< 0.001). Serotype b strains decreased significantly (from 81.0 to 13.2 %,
p
< 0.001) and serotype f increased significantly (from 0.8 to 6.9 %,
p
= 0.03). Ten percent of the isolates were β-lactamase producers, a value lower than that previously observed (26.9 %,
p
= 0.005). Eight percent of all isolates were BLNAR. A high genetic diversity among non-capsulated isolates was found. By contrast, capsulated isolates were clonal. The implementation of Hib vaccination has resulted in a significant decline in the proportion of serotype b
H
.
influenzae
invasive disease isolates. Most episodes of invasive disease occurring in Portugal are now due to fully susceptible, highly diverse, non-capsulated strains. Given the evolving dynamics of this pathogen and the increase in non-type b capsulated isolates, continuous surveillance is needed.
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