Efficient deployment of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on edge devices (i.e., FPGAs and mobile platforms) is very challenging, especially under a recent witness of the increasing DNN model size and ...complexity. Model compression strategies, including weight quantization and pruning, are widely recognized as effective approaches to significantly reduce computation and memory intensities, and have been implemented in many DNNs on edge devices. However, most state-of-the-art works focus on ad hoc optimizations, and there lacks a thorough study to comprehensively reveal the potentials and constraints of different edge devices when considering different compression strategies. In this article, we qualitatively and quantitatively compare the energy efficiency of FPGA-based and mobile-based DNN executions using mobile GPU and provide a detailed analysis. Based on the observations obtained from the analysis, we propose a unified optimization framework using block-based pruning to reduce the weight storage and accelerate the inference speed on mobile devices and FPGAs, achieving high hardware performance and energy-efficiency gain while maintaining accuracy.
Background
Contradictory results have been reported previously in the analyses of cross‐reactivity among Blomia tropicalis (Blo t), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), and Dermatophagoides ...farinae (Der f). This study aims to investigate the characteristics of co‐sensitization and the IgE cross‐reactivity among them and attempts to identify whether patients are sensitized to Blo t due to cross‐reaction or true sensitization.
Methods
Specific IgE (sIgE) in the sera from 1497 allergenic patients was determined by ImmunoCAP. Cross‐reactivity was analyzed and determined by sIgE inhibition with 21 sera samples.
Results
Around 85.50% of patients were sensitized to Der p, 85.37% of patients were sensitized to Der f, and 71.54% of patients were sensitized to Blo t. Further, 70.14% of patients were co‐sensitized to Blo t, Der p, and Der f, and only seven patients were sensitized solely to Blo t. With increasing sIgE levels for Blo t, the positive rates of severe‐level (class 5‐6) co‐sensitization to Der p or Der f significantly increased. Blo t was moderately associated with Der p and Der f, with correlation coefficients of 0.6998 and 0.6782, respectively. Der p and Der f inhibited IgE binding to Blo t more strongly than Blo t inhibited IgE binding to Der p or Der f in the patient groups CBlo t < CDer p and CBlo t < CDer f.
Conclusions
This study has established valuable information about the co‐sensitization and cross‐reactivity of Blo t with two Dermatophagoides species (Der p and Der f) and helps to provide adequate diagnosis and treatment of the mite‐allergic patients.
Dysregulations in the brain serotonergic system and exposure to environmental stressors have been implicated in the development of major depressive disorder. Here, we investigate the interactions ...between the stress and serotonergic systems by characterizing the behavioral and biochemical effects of chronic stress applied during early-life or adulthood in wild type (WT) mice and mice with deficient tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) function. We showed that chronic mild stress applied in adulthood did not affect the behaviors and serotonin levels of WT and TPH2 knock-in (KI) mice. Whereas, maternal separation (MS) stress increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors of WT mice, with no detectable behavioral changes in TPH2 KI mice. Biochemically, we found that MS WT mice had reduced brain serotonin levels, which was attributed to increased expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A). The increased MAO A expression was detected in MS WT mice at 4 weeks old and adulthood. No change in TPH2 expression was detected. To determine whether a pharmacological stressor, dexamethasone (Dex), will result in similar biochemical results obtained from MS, we used an in vitro system, SH-SY5Y cells, and found that Dex treatment resulted in increased MAO A expression levels. We then treated WT mice with Dex for 5 days, either during postnatal days 7-11 or adulthood. Both groups of Dex treated WT mice had reduced basal corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptors expression levels. However, only Dex treatment during PND7-11 resulted in reduced serotonin levels and increased MAO A expression. Just as with MS WT mice, TPH2 expression in PND7-11 Dex-treated WT mice was unaffected. Taken together, our findings suggest that both environmental and pharmacological stressors affect the expression of MAO A, and not TPH2, when applied during the critical postnatal period. This leads to long-lasting perturbations in the serotonergic system, and results in anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors.
Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes (CPP-ACP) in chewing gum, lozenges and mouthrinses have been shown to remineralize enamel subsurface lesions in human in situ ...experiments. The aim of this double-blind, randomized clinical study was to investigate the capacity of CPP-ACP added to bovine milk to remineralize enamel subsurface lesions in situ. Ten subjects drank milk containing either 2·0 or 5·0 g CPP-ACP/l or a control milk whilst wearing removable appliances with enamel slabs containing subsurface demineralized lesions. Each 200 ml milk sample was consumed once a day for each weekday over three consecutive weeks. After each treatment and one weeks rest the subjects crossed over to the other treatments. At the completion of the treatments the enamel slabs were removed and remineralization determined using microradiography and microdensitometry. The results demonstrated that all three milk samples remineralized enamel subsurface lesions. However, the milk samples containing CPP-ACP produced significantly greater remineralization than the control milk. The remineralising effect of CPP-ACP in milk was dose-dependent with 2·0 and 5·0 g CPP-ACP/l producing an increase in mineral content of 70 and 148%, respectively, relative to the control milk. The differences in remineralization following exposure to the three milk samples were all statistically significant (P<0·001). In conclusion, this study shows that the addition of 2·0–5·0 g CPP-ACP/l to milk substantially increases its ability to remineralize enamel subsurface lesions.
Efficient deployment of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on edge devices (i.e., FPGAs and mobile platforms) is very challenging, especially under a recent witness of the increasing DNN model size and ...complexity. Although various optimization approaches have been proven to be effective in many DNNs on edge devices, most state-of-the-art work focuses on ad-hoc optimizations, and there lacks a thorough study to comprehensively reveal the potentials and constraints of different edge devices when considering different optimizations. In this paper, we qualitatively and quantitatively compare the energyefficiency of FPGA-based and mobile-based DNN executions, and provide detailed analysis.
Problem
The efficacy of lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) for unexplained recurrent miscarriage (uRM) remains indefinite. The objective of the present study is to comprehensively evaluate the ...alterations in the proportions and functions of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with uRM before and after LIT.
Method of study
Seventy‐six women with uRM were included in the present study. Immunophenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes (76 patients), NK cytotoxicity (62 patients) and Th1 (IFN‐γ and TNF‐α)/Th2 (IL‐10) ratios (73 patients) were assessed during the luteal phase before LIT and after the third LIT by the flow cytometer.
Results
To date, 29 patients had already delivered or been pregnant more than 20 weeks (successful pregnancy group) and 5 patients experienced subsequent abortion (abortion group). The percentages of CD3+ T cell, CD3+ CD4+ T cell and IL‐10‐producing Th1 cell were significantly increased, whereas the percentages of CD3+ HLA‐DR+ T cell, CD56+ CD3− NK cell and CD56dim CD16+ NK cell, the NK cytotoxicity and the ratios of Th1/Th2 were significantly decreased after LIT in the total patients and in the successful pregnant group. The percentages of CD56+ CD3− NK cell and IFN‐γ‐producing cell, and the ratio of IFN‐γ/IL‐10 were significantly lower after LIT in the successful pregnant group compared to those in the abortion group.
Conclusions
LIT alters the proportions and functions of most peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. Some of these alterations may be beneficial for pregnancy maintenance, whereas some may be potential markers for predicting subsequent abortion.
Background. Commercially available sugar‐free chewing gums have been claimed to provide oral health benefits.
Aim. The aim of this randomized, double‐blind crossover in situ study was to compare ...the efficacy of three commercially available sugar‐free chewing gums: Trident White, Orbit, and Orbit Professional, in remineralizing enamel subsurface lesions in situ.
Design. Specimens containing enamel subsurface lesions were sectioned into test and control half‐slabs with the test half‐slabs inserted into removable palatal appliances. For each test chewing period, subjects were randomly allocated one of three test gums. Subjects (n = 10) chewed the randomly allocated gum for a 20‐min period four times per day for 14 days. Each subject chewed all three test gums, with a 7‐day washout period between crossovers. After each 14‐day cycle, test and control half‐slabs were paired, embedded in resin, sectioned, and subjected to microradiography to determine remineralization.
Results. The gum TW produced significantly greater remineralization (18.4 ± 0.9%) than Orbit (8.9 ± 0.5%) and Orbit Professional (10.5 ± 0.9%).
Conclusion. The superior remineralization activity of the TW gum in situ was attributed to the presence of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes.
Abstract Objectives Chewing sugar-free gum has been shown to promote enamel remineralization. Manufacturers are now adding calcium to the gum in an approach to further promote enamel ...remineralization. The aim of this study was to compare the remineralization efficacy of four sugar-free chewing gums, two containing added calcium, utilizing a double-blind, randomized, crossover in situ model. Methods The sugar-free gums were: Trident Xtra Care, Orbit Professional, Orbit and Extra. Ten subjects wore removable palatal appliances with four human-enamel half-slab insets containing subsurface demineralized lesions. For four times a day for 14 consecutive days subjects chewed one of the chewing gums for 20 min. After each treatment the enamel slabs were removed, paired with their respective demineralized control slabs, embedded, sectioned and mineral level determined by microradiography. After 1-week rest the subjects chewed another of the four gums and this was repeated until each subject had used the four gum products. Results Chewing with Trident Xtra Care resulted in significantly higher remineralization (20.67 ± 1.05%) than chewing with Orbit Professional (12.43 ± 0.64%), Orbit (9.27 ± 0.59%) or Extra (9.32 ± 0.35%). The form of added calcium in Trident Xtra Care was CPP–ACP and that in Orbit Professional calcium carbonate with added citric acid/citrate for increased calcium solubility. Conclusions Although saliva analysis confirmed release of the citrate and calcium from the Orbit Professional gum the released calcium did not result in increased enamel remineralization over the normal sugar-free gums. These results highlight the importance of calcium ion bioavailability in the remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in situ.
A novel application of the wavelet transform in retrieving the separate signals from overlapping chromatographic peaks and quantitative determination of the components in the overlapping ...chromatograms is described. The signals can be very easily separated by decomposing an overlapping chromatographic peak into localized contributions according to their frequency, and quantitative calculation can be done by studying the contributions of higher frequency. Overlapping peaks of two- and three-component mixtures were investigated by the method, and the results show excellent correlations between peak areas of the retrieved signals and the concentrations for all of the components.
Component number in overlapping multicomponent chromatogram was determined by a novel method—wavelet transform. Because of the characteristic of the double localization in time and frequency domain, ...the wavelet transform can decompose an overlapping chromatogram into contributions of different frequency. Among these contributions, there will be contributions which will represent the resolved chromatographic signals because their frequency is higher than the overlapping signal and lower than the high frequency noise. Therefore, the component number of an overlapping chromatogram can be determined by the number of peaks in the resolved chromatogram. Simulated data sets and a seriously overlapping 5-component chromatogram were investigated by the method. It was proved that the wavelet transform is a very easy and convenient method for detecting the component number in overlapping multicomponent chromatograms.
PDF
