We present a "super-deblended" far-infrared (FIR) to (sub)millimeter photometric catalog in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS), prepared with the method recently developed by Liu et al., with key ...adaptations. We obtain point-spread function fitting photometry at fixed prior positions including 88,008 galaxies detected in VLA 1.4, 3 GHz, and/or MIPS 24 m images. By adding a specifically carved mass-selected sample (with an evolving stellar mass limit), a highly complete prior sample of 194,428 galaxies is achieved for deblending FIR/(sub)mm images. We performed "active" removal of nonrelevant priors at FIR/(sub)mm bands using spectral energy distribution fitting and redshift information. In order to cope with the shallower COSMOS data, we subtract from the maps the flux of faint nonfitted priors and explicitly account for the uncertainty of this step. The resulting photometry (including data from Spitzer, Herschel, SCUBA2, AzTEC, MAMBO, and NSF's Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at 3 and 1.4 GHz) displays well-behaved quasi-Gaussian uncertainties calibrated from Monte Carlo simulations and tailored to observables (crowding, residual maps). Comparison to ALMA photometry for hundreds of sources provides a remarkable validation of the technique. We detect 11,220 galaxies over the 100-1200 m range extending to zphot ∼ 7. We conservatively selected a sample of 85 z > 4 high-redshift candidates significantly detected in the FIR/(sub)mm, often with secure radio and/or Spitzer/IRAC counterparts. This provides a chance to investigate the first generation of vigorous starburst galaxies (SFRs ∼ 1000 M yr−1). The photometric and value-added catalogs are publicly released.
Intelligent monitoring systems can effectively predict or detect anomalies and issues in smart working systems and ecosystems and implement the proper countermeasures. However, for their effective ...and efficient use, attributes like responsiveness, performance, and quality should be properly tested and assessed before integrating the monitoring system into an ecosystem. The work aims to present a framework, called MOnitoring TEsting Framework (MOTEF), focused on the testing and evaluation of a generic monitoring system performance. In particular, the framework allows testing the monitoring system in isolation or when used in a smart environment to provide functional or non-functional property predictions. By simulating the runtime execution of a smart environment, MOTEF lets testing and assessment of a generic monitoring system establish its working boundaries. The results collected can be used to design a smart environment architecture to fulfil its global performance constraints better. This work presents the architecture of MOTEF and its preliminary implementation. It also validated and showcased the use of MOTEF in evaluating the performance of an existing monitoring system in isolation and when it is used in a smart environment. The results have been assessed by considering two research questions about the monitoring system's responsiveness and effectiveness in proving required functional or non-functional property predictions.
Abstract
We present the results of a first search for galaxy candidates at
z
∼ 9–15 on deep seven-band NIRCam imaging acquired as part of the GLASS-James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Early Release ...Science Program on a flanking field of the Frontier Fields cluster A2744. Candidates are selected via two different renditions of the Lyman-break technique, isolating objects at
z
∼ 9–11, and
z
∼ 9–15, respectively, supplemented by photometric redshifts obtained with two independent codes. We find five color-selected candidates at
z
> 9, plus one additional candidate with photometric redshift
z
phot
≥ 9. In particular, we identify two bright candidates at
M
UV
≃ −21 that are unambiguously placed at
z
≃ 10.6 and
z
≃ 12.2, respectively. The total number of galaxies discovered at
z
> 9 is in line with the predictions of a nonevolving luminosity function. The two bright ones at
z
> 10 are unexpected given the survey volume, although cosmic variance and small number statistics limits general conclusions. This first search demonstrates the unique power of JWST to discover galaxies at the high-redshift frontier. The candidates are ideal targets for spectroscopic follow-up in Cycle-2.
While the formation of stellar clumps in distant galaxies is usually attributed to gravitational violent disk instabilities, we show here that major mergers also represent a competitive mechanism to ...form bright clumps. Using ∼0.1″ resolution ACS F814W images in the entire COSMOS field, we measured the fraction of clumpy emission in 109 main sequence (MS) and 79 Herschel-detected starbursts (off-MS) galaxies at 0.5 < z < 0.9, representative of normal versus merger induced star-forming activity, respectively. We additionally identify merger samples from visual inspection and from Gini-M20 morphological parameters. Regardless of the merger criteria adopted, the clumpiness distribution of merging systems is different from that of normal isolated disks at a > 99.5% confidence level. The former reaches higher clumpiness values up to 20% of the total galaxy emission. We confirm the merger induced clumpiness enhancement with novel hydrodynamical simulations of colliding galaxies with gas fractions typical of z ∼ 0.7. Multi-wavelength images of three starbursts in the CANDELS field support the young nature of clumps, which are likely merger products rather than older preexisting structures. Finally, for a subset of 19 starbursts with existing near-infrared rest frame spectroscopy, we find that the clumpiness is mildly anti-correlated with the merger phase, which decreases toward final coalescence. Our result can explain recent ALMA detections of clumps in hyperluminous high-z starbursts, while normal objects are smooth. This work raises a question as to the role of mergers on the origin of clumps in high redshift galaxies in general.
Abstract
We present the reduced images and multiwavelength catalog of the first JWST NIRCam extragalactic observations from the GLASS Early Release Science Program, obtained as coordinated parallels ...of the NIRISS observations of the Abell 2744 cluster. Images in seven bands (F090W, F115W, F150W, F200W, F277W, F356W, and F444W) have been reduced using an augmented version of the official JWST pipeline; we discuss the procedures adopted to remove or mitigate defects in the raw images. We obtain a multiband catalog by means of forced aperture photometry on point-spread function (PSF)-matched images at the position of F444W-detected sources. The catalog is intended to enable early scientific investigations, and it is optimized for faint galaxies; it contains 6368 sources, with limiting magnitude 29.7 at 5
σ
in F444W. We release both images and catalog in order to allow the community to become familiar with the JWST NIRCam data and evaluate their merit and limitations given the current level of knowledge of the instrument.
Abstract
Context:
Predicting security and trust vulnerabilities and issues is crucial for IoT interconnected systems and ecosystems, especially when integrating new, third-party or open-source ...components. Objective: One way to ensure timely predictions is by using a smart monitoring framework to continuously verify functional and non-functional property violations during the executions of the systems and their components. Method: This paper presents a set of guidelines for the Smart Monitoring Framework definition and its application process. Results and Conclusion: The paper provides the reference architecture of the Smart Monitoring Framework and its possible implementation to promptly detect suspicious behavior or property violations. The paper also illustrates how the provided implementation satisfies the defined guidelines by design.
Abstract
We report the detection of a high density of redshift
z
≈ 10 galaxies behind the foreground cluster A2744, selected from imaging data obtained recently with NIRCam on board JWST by three ...programs—GLASS-JWST, UNCOVER, and DDT#2756. To ensure robust estimates of the lensing magnification
μ
, we use an improved version of our model that exploits the first epoch of NIRCam images and newly obtained MUSE spectra and avoids regions with
μ
> 5 where the uncertainty may be higher. We detect seven bright
z
≈ 10 galaxies with demagnified rest frame −22 ≲
M
UV
≲ −19 mag, over an area of ∼37 arcmin
2
. Taking into account photometric incompleteness and the effects of lensing on luminosity and cosmological volume, we find that the density of
z
≈ 10 galaxies in the field is about 10× (3×) larger than the average at
M
UV
≈ −21 ( −20) mag reported so far. The density is even higher when considering only the GLASS-JWST data, which are the deepest and the least affected by magnification and incompleteness. The GLASS-JWST field contains five out of seven galaxies, distributed along an apparent filamentary structure of 2 Mpc in projected length, and includes a close pair of candidates with
M
UV
< −20 mag having a projected separation of only 16 kpc. These findings suggest the presence of a
z
≈ 10 overdensity in the field. In addition to providing excellent targets for efficient spectroscopic follow-up observations, our study confirms the high density of bright galaxies observed in early JWST observations but calls for multiple surveys along independent lines of sight to achieve an unbiased estimate of their average density and a first estimate of their clustering.
Abstract
Despite significant efforts in recent years, the physical processes responsible for the formation of passive galaxies through cosmic time remain unclear. The shape and evolution of the ...stellar mass function (SMF) give an insight into these mechanisms. Taking advantage of the CANDELS and the deep Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) programs, we estimated the SMF of total, star-forming, and passive galaxies from
z
= 0.25 to
z
= 2.75 to unprecedented depth and we focus on the latter population. The density of passive galaxies underwent a significant evolution over the last 11 Gyr. They account for 60% of the total mass in the nearby universe against ∼20% observed at
z
∼ 2.5. The inclusion of the HFF program allows us to detect, for the first time at
z
> 1.5, the characteristic upturn in the SMF of passive galaxies at low masses, usually associated with environmental quenching. We observe two separate populations of passive galaxies evolving on different timescales: roughly half of the high-mass systems were already quenched at high redshift, while low-mass passive galaxies are gradually building up over the redshift range probed. In the framework of environmental quenching at low masses, we interpret this finding as evidence of an increasing role of the environment in the buildup of passive galaxies as a function of time. Finally, we compared our findings with a set of theoretical predictions. Despite good agreement in some redshift and mass intervals, none of the models are able to fully reproduce the observations. This calls for further investigation into the involved physical mechanisms, both theoretically and observationally, especially with the brand-new JWST data.
The way people access services in indoor environments has dramatically changed in the last year. The countermeasures to the COVID-19 pandemic imposed a disruptive requirement, namely preserving ...social distance among people in indoor environments. We explore in this work the possibility of adopting the indoor localization technologies to measure the distance among users in indoor environments. We discuss how information about people’s contacts collected can be exploited during three stages: before, during, and after people access a service. We present a reference architecture for an Indoor Localization System (ILS), and we illustrate three representative use-cases. We derive some architectural requirements, and we discuss some issues that concretely cope with the real installation of an ILS in real-world settings. In particular, we explore the privacy and trust reputation of an ILS, the discovery phase, and the deployment of the ILS in real-world settings. We finally present an evaluation framework for assessing the performance of the architecture proposed.
•A categorization scheme for Software Engineering papers is proposed.•The categorization scheme extends the types of papers emerging from previous SE studies.•The proposed categorization scheme is ...used to classify ASE, FSE and ICSE papers.
In Software Engineering (SE), conference publications have high importance both in effective communication and in academic careers. Researchers actively discuss how a paper should be organized to be accepted in mainstream conferences.
This work tackles the problem of generalizing and characterizing the type of papers accepted at SE conferences.
The paper offers a new perspective in the analysis of SE literature: a categorization scheme for SE papers is obtained by merging, extending and revising related proposals from a few existing studies. The categorization scheme is used to classify the papers accepted at three top-tier SE conferences during five years (2012–2016).
While a broader experience is certainly needed for validation and fine-tuning, preliminary outcomes can be observed relative to what problems and topics are addressed, what types of contributions are presented and how they are validated.
The results provide insights to paper writers, paper reviewers and conference organizers in focusing their future efforts, without any intent to provide judgments or authoritative guidelines.
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