Distribution, conservation status, trends, actions and ethnobotanical notes of segetal species growing in South Italy are presented and discussed. For the most threatened segetal species details and ...suggestions for their conservation are reported. Research work was made directly in the field for collecting samples and in the laboratory for checking several herbarium samples. To the best of our knowledges, a summary table of all species occurring in the field, of the investigated environments, and their ecological focus areas, is provided for the first time.
To characterize the multiple dimensions and benefits of the Mediterranean diet as a sustainable diet, in order to revitalize this intangible food heritage at the country level; and to develop a ...multidimensional framework - the Med Diet 4.0 - in which four sustainability benefits of the Mediterranean diet are presented in parallel: major health and nutrition benefits, low environmental impacts and richness in biodiversity, high sociocultural food values, and positive local economic returns.
A narrative review was applied at the country level to highlight the multiple sustainable benefits of the Mediterranean diet into a single multidimensional framework: the Med Diet 4.0. Setting/subjects We included studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals that contained data on the characterization of sustainable diets and of the Mediterranean diet. The methodological framework approach was finalized through a series of meetings, workshops and conferences where the framework was presented, discussed and ultimately refined.
The Med Diet 4.0 provides a conceptual multidimensional framework to characterize the Mediterranean diet as a sustainable diet model, by applying principles of sustainability to the Mediterranean diet.
By providing a broader understanding of the many sustainable benefits of the Mediterranean diet, the Med Diet 4.0 can contribute to the revitalization of the Mediterranean diet by improving its current perception not only as a healthy diet but also a sustainable lifestyle model, with country-specific and culturally appropriate variations. It also takes into account the identity and diversity of food cultures and systems, expressed within the notion of the Mediterranean diet, across the Mediterranean region and in other parts of the world. Further multidisciplinary studies are needed for the assessment of the sustainability of the Mediterranean diet to include these new dimensions.
Section 1 of this paper provides an introduction to this new “algebra of conditionals”, addresses various plausibility tests for such an algebra, provides a Venn diagram disproving a supposed ...counter-example, and answers various other objections raised in the literature about the efficacy of this algebraic extension of logic and conditional probability. Section 2 greatly simplifies the calculation of the implications of a set of conditional propositions or conditional events. These results depend on defining a deductive relation for conditionals (actually two have been found) with the property that the conjunction of two conditionals implies each of its components. That seemingly innocuous property assures that the deductively closed set implied by a finite set of n conditionals with respect to the deductive relation is implied by the single conditional formed by conjoining all n of them. The results are illustrated by solving several examples of deduction with several uncertain conditionals.
Conditional, Deduction, Quasi-conjunction, Implication, Inference, Uncertainty, Probability.
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