This is the key publication for professionals and students in the metallurgy and foundry field. Fully revised and expanded, Castings Second Edition covers the latest developments in the understanding ...of the role of the liquid metal in controlling the properties of cast materials, and indeed, of all metallic materials that have started in the cast form. Practising foundry engineers, designers, and students will find the revealing insights into the behaviour of castings essential in developing their inderstanding and practice. John Campbell OBE is a leading international figure in the castings industry, with over four decades of experience. He is the originator of the Cosworth Casting Process, the pre-eminent production process for automobile cylinder heads and blocks. He is also co-inventor of both the Baxi Casting Process (now owned by Alcoa) developed in the UK, and the newly emerging Alotech Casting Process in the USA. He is Professor of Casting Technology at the University of Birmingham, UK. * New edition of this internationally respected reference and textbook for engineers and students * Develops understanding of the concepts and practice of casting operations * Castings' is the key work on castings technology and process metallurgy, and an essential resource on contemporary developments and thinking on the new metallurgy of cast alloys * Revised and updated throughout, with new material on subjects including surface turbulence, the new theory of entrainment defects including folded film defects, plus the latest concepts of alloy theory
In politics, ideas matter. They provide the foundation for economic policymaking, which in turn shapes what is possible in domestic and international politics. Yet until now, little attention has ...been paid to how these ideas are produced and disseminated, and how this process varies between countries.The National Origins of Policy Ideasprovides the first comparative analysis of how "knowledge regimes"-communities of policy research organizations like think tanks, political party foundations, ad hoc commissions, and state research offices, and the institutions that govern them-generate ideas and communicate them to policymakers.
John Campbell and Ove Pedersen examine how knowledge regimes are organized, operate, and have changed over the last thirty years in the United States, France, Germany, and Denmark. They show how there are persistent national differences in how policy ideas are produced. Some countries do so in contentious, politically partisan ways, while others are cooperative and consensus oriented. They find that while knowledge regimes have adopted some common practices since the 1970s, tendencies toward convergence have been limited and outcomes have been heavily shaped by national contexts.
Drawing on extensive interviews with top officials at leading policy research organizations, this book demonstrates why knowledge regimes are as important to capitalism as the state and the firm, and sheds new light on debates about the effects of globalization, the rise of neoliberalism, and the orientation of comparative political economy in political science and sociology.
Small Island Developing States are often depicted as being among the most vulnerable of all places to the effects of climate change, and they are a cause celebre of many involved in climate science, ...politics and the media. Yet while small island developing states are much talked about, the production of both scientific knowledge and policies to protect the rights of these nations and their people has been remarkably slow. This book is the first to apply a critical approach to climate change science and policy processes in the South Pacific region. It shows how groups within politically and scientifically powerful countries appropriate the issue of island vulnerability in ways that do not do justice to the lives of island people. It argues that the ways in which islands and their inhabitants are represented in climate science and politics seldom leads to meaningful responses to assist them to adapt to climate change. Throughout, the authors focus on the hitherto largely ignored social impacts of climate change, and demonstrate that adaptation and mitigation policies cannot be effective without understanding the social systems and values of island societies.
The past twenty years have seen an extraordinary growth in the use of quantitative methods in financial markets. Finance professionals now routinely use sophisticated statistical techniques in ...portfolio management, proprietary trading, risk management, financial consulting, and securities regulation. This graduate-level textbook is intended for PhD students, advanced MBA students, and industry professionals interested in the econometrics of financial modeling. The book covers the entire spectrum of empirical finance, including: the predictability of asset returns, tests of the Random Walk Hypothesis, the microstructure of securities markets, event analysis, the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory, the term structure of interest rates, dynamic models of economic equilibrium, and nonlinear financial models such as ARCH, neural networks, statistical fractals, and chaos theory.
Each chapter develops statistical techniques within the context of a particular financial application. This exciting new text contains a unique and accessible combination of theory and practice, bringing state-of-the-art statistical techniques to the forefront of financial applications. Each chapter also includes a discussion of recent empirical evidence, for example, the rejection of the Random Walk Hypothesis, as well as problems designed to help readers incorporate what they have read into their own applications
This lecture considers the case for consumer financial regulation in an environment where many households lack the knowledge to manage their financial affairs effectively. The lecture argues that ...financial ignorance is pervasive and unsurprising given the complexity of modern financial products, and that it contributes meaningfully to the evolution of wealth inequality. The lecture uses a stylized model to discuss the welfare economics of paternalistic intervention in financial markets, and discusses several specific examples including asset allocation in retirement savings, fees for unsecured short-term borrowing, and reverse mortgages.
During their processing from ores, all metals go through a particulate stage. These separate pieces have to be consolidated usually with heat and pressure to form useful engineering forms. In the ...case of metals which undergo a melting stage, the pouring and stirring actions which are commonly employed disintegrate the liquid into splashes and droplets which appear to mutually assimilate, creating a consolidated bulk liquid. However, in every case, whether consolidation takes place in the solid or liquid states, the consolidation mechanism naturally incorporates an oxide-to-oxide interface (although occasionally other surface films such as nitrides and pure carbon are involved). The concept of the meeting of oxides is of course assumed to be trivial and therefore almost universally overlooked. However, the consequences seem to be far from trivial. The creation of opposed, double (never single), unbonded oxide films, called ‘bifilms’ by the author, acts as cracks. They can survive extensive plastic working and seem to be prolific throughout metallurgy. They appear to exert significant control over the failure properties of metals, by both cracking and corrosion. They are proposed to constitute the Griffith cracks required for the failure of metals by fracture and fatigue. Bifilms may now be eliminated from some of our liquid processing routes, enabling for the first time the production of crack-resistant and corrosion-resistant metals.
Precision phenomenology with MCFM Campbell, John; Neumann, Tobias
The journal of high energy physics,
12/2019, Volume:
2019, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A
bstract
Without proper control of numerical and methodological errors in theoretical predictions at the per mille level it is not possible to study the effect of input parameters in current ...hadron-collider measurements at the required precision. We present the new version of the parton-level code MCFM-9.0 that achieves this requirement through its highly-parallelized nature, significant performance improvements and new features. An automatic differential jettiness slicing cutoff extrapolation is introduced to assess the cutoff dependence of all results, thus ensuring their reliability and potentially improving fixed- cutoff results by an order of magnitude. The efficient differential study of PDF uncertainties and PDF set differences at NNLO, for multiple PDF sets simultaneously, is achieved by exploiting correlations. We use these improvements to study uncertainties and PDF sensitivity at NNLO, using 371 PDF set members. The work described here permits NNLO studies that were previously prohibitively expensive, and lays the groundwork necessary for a future implementation of NNLO calculations with a jet at Born level in MCFM.
I offer an institutional theory of corporate social responsibility consisting of a series of propositions specifying the conditions under which corporations are likely to behave in socially ...responsible ways. I argue that the relationship between basic economic conditions and corporate behavior is mediated by several institutional conditions: public and private regulation, the presence of nongovernmental and other independent organizations that monitor corporate behavior, institutionalized norms regarding appropriate corporate behavior, associative behavior among corporations themselves, and organized dialogues among corporations and their stakeholders.
The development of aluminum salts (alum) as vaccine adjuvants was an empirical process with little understanding of the mechanism of action and, with decades of use, it has become clear that there is ...a need for alternatives where alum-based adjuvants are suboptimal. Oligonucleotides containing unmethylated CpG sequences represent one alternative as they are potent stimulators of the vertebrate innate immune system through activation of Toll-like receptor-9. This chapter outlines the methods used by Dynavax Technologies to progress a CpG-containing oligonucleotide sequence termed 1018 through preclinical and clinical testing as an adjuvant for immunization against hepatitis B virus (HBV). 1018 is a short (22-mer) oligonucleotide sequence containing CpG motifs active in both rodents and primates. Preclinical testing of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) + 1018 in comparison to HBsAg + alum demonstrated induction of substantially higher antibody titers and a favorable safety profile for 1018. Most importantly, clinical studies with HBsAg vaccination consistently demonstrate more rapid induction of protective antibody titers with 1018 compared to alum in all populations studied, including groups that are harder to immunize such as the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. These studies represent the basis for use of the CpG-motif-containing oligonucleotide 1018 as an improved adjuvant for HBsAg immunogenicity. HBsAg + 1018 (HEPLISAV-B
) is currently in late-stage clinical testing for prophylactic immunization against HBV.
Household Finance CAMPBELL, JOHN Y.
The Journal of finance (New York),
August 2006, Volume:
61, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The study of household finance is challenging because household behavior is difficult to measure, and households face constraints not captured by textbook models. Evidence on participation, ...diversification, and mortgage refinancing suggests that many households invest effectively, but a minority make significant mistakes. This minority appears to be poorer and less well educated than the majority of more successful investors. There is some evidence that households understand their own limitations and avoid financial strategies for which they feel unqualified. Some financial products involve a cross-subsidy from naive to sophisticated households, and this can inhibit welfare-improving financial innovation.
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