This article reports on a longitudinal study of almost 7,000 children under six years in selected villages in Nepal, giving their morbidity and mortality history, treatments given and costs involved. ...The study suggests that about two children out of three are defined as sick by their mothers in any given year and that treatment is sought for about 40 percent of sickness in small children. Three of four children treated are treated by scientific medicine, that is by physicians, nurses or pharmacists. The principal causes of death are fevers and diarrhea. Education of mothers in spacing of births, hygiene, nutrition and rehydration therapy would appear to be the most important primary health care service, along with increased access to potable water and to medical clinics.
Experience gained during the first 3 years of a community-based cardiovascular health education project which involves 3 communities of almost 250,000 people and matched comparison communities is ...discussed. While perceived preliminary shifts in community risk profiles must be viewed with caution, a sustained volunteer interest and community assertiveness for cardiovascular health are encouraging. The participative intervention models employed in this health education/disease prevention project appears useful for other public health educational interventions. While the project design does not target high risk groups, it utilizes the overall data to assess profile trends in the overall community. (wz)
Temperature-dependent lifetime spectroscopy is a well-established characterization technique used to determine the energy level of recombination centers (defects). The determination of the energy ...level is performed through analysis of measured lifetime over a range of temperatures at a fixed excess carrier concentration. In recent years, photoluminescence imaging has been extensively used for spatially resolved measurements of many electronic material and device parameters of silicon wafers and silicon solar cells. However, photoluminescence imaging at elevated temperatures has not been widely used. This study presents initial results of photoluminescence imaging measurements taken at high temperatures.
This report discusses the experience of a two-year family planning and maternal/child health project in Nepal. Although the project was planned as an experimental field research endeavor, a series of ...unanticipated events repeatedly compromised the internal validity of the project and forced design changes. While unexpected events are common in the history of most field projects, they present the research evaluator with the fundamental dilemma of trying to maintain a high degree of internal validity without sacrificing external validity. Rigid research designs with tight control over the introduction and measurement of experimental variables may serve to increase internal validity but they may also create an atypical and artificial situation that fails to mirror real field conditions and thus threatens external validity.
A description is given of the Minnesota Heart Health Program (MHHP) education approach and its progress after 3 years of experience in its first education community (Mankato, a town of 38,000). The ...activities of the MHHP in this community have involved the attendance of over 60 per cent of the community adults at a screening education center, the participation of 42 of 65 physicians and 728 other health professionals in MHHP continuing education programs, and the distribution of 12 items of printed literature per household. The success of the MHHP in this community indicates that communities can be engaged for the purpose of comprehensive health improvement.(wz)
This study is a secondary analysis of data collected in Dacca, East Pakistan in a government low income housing colony. Data were gathered separately from both husband and wife. Eight major areas ...were subject to factor analysis as an initial step in the study of patterns of communication between husbands and wives in a Muslim society. Three dimensions were produced which were labelled 'role empathic relationship,' 'husband dominant relationship,' and 'shared values relationship.' Results indicate that factors other than age, duration of marriage, and education are significant in interspouse communication and that more sociopsychological study is needed in this area. There is support for including husbands, from each type of relationship, in family planning education programs. The tentative results suggest further consideration of inter-spouse relationships of several kinds rather than a one-sided, Western-biased, research focus on the highly communicative couple as a model of husband-wife concurrence and solidarity.
Results indicate that factors other than age, duration of marriage, and education are significant in interspouse communication and that more sociopsychological study is needed in this area. (Author)
