The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) changed dramatically all priorities on medical society and created several challenges for clinicians caring for patients with liver ...diseases. We performed a comprehensive review about how COVID-19 can affect the liver, the influence of liver diseases on the risk of developing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19 severity and also some strategies to overcome all the challenges clinicians have to face in the management of patients with liver diseases in a period of time when all the focus turned on COVID-19. We analyze the relationship between COVID-19 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation, as well as the approach to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Esophageal Bullous Pemphigoid Castelo Branco, Catarina; Fonseca, Tomás; Marcos-Pinto, Ricardo
European journal of case reports in internal medicine,
02/2022, Volume:
9, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Bullous pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune dermatologic disease that usually occurs in the elderly. Mucous membrane lesions occur in about 10-35% of patients and are almost always limited to the oral ...mucous membrane. Esophageal involvement is very rare (4% of cases) and usually presents with chest pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia, though patients are frequently asymptomatic. We report the case of newly diagnosed bullous pemphigoid in a 76-year-old man with a past medical history of dementia. He presented with cutaneous manifestations but also severe gastrointestinal bleeding due to extensive esophageal involvement. Although bullous pemphigoid is mainly a skin disease, mucous membrane lesions should not be overlooked as they are associated with an even poorer outcome. A high index of suspicion for esophageal involvement is needed as its presentation can be fatal, as with our patient.
Bullous pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune disease that should be suspected in elderly patients with itchy cutaneous lesions.Mucous membrane lesions should always be evaluated, as they are associated with a poor prognosis, even if asymptomatic.Early diagnosis should be the main focus, as steroids, the mainstay of treatment, may not be effective in severe cases.
Hepatobiliary manifestations are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with 30% of patients presenting abnormal liver tests and 5% developing chronic liver disease. They range from asymptomatic ...elevated liver tests to life-threatening disease and usually follow an independent course from IBD. The pathogenesis of liver manifestations or complications and IBD can be closely related by sharing a common auto-immune background (in primary sclerosing cholangitis, IgG4-related cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis), intestinal inflammation (in portal vein thrombosis and granulomatous hepatitis), metabolic impairment (in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or cholelithiasis), or drug toxicity (in drug induced liver injury or hepatitis B virus infection reactivation). Their evaluation should prompt a full diagnostic workup to identify and readily treat all complications, improving management and outcome.
Abstract Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a prevalent disease in western world, with a high mortality rate when rupture occurs. Screening programs and elective surgery may prevent such a ...life-threatening event. We pretend to evaluate if internal medicine residents would be able to perform quality abdominal ultrasound for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening, and therefore increase our diagnostic accuracy of this life-threatening condition. Material and Methods: Five internal medicine residents without previous experience in ultrasound screened men over 65 years admitted to Internal Medicine wards for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. The patients were evaluated in different times by two internal medicine residents, and a subset of patients was also evaluated by vascular surgery attendant or abdominal computed tomography scan (established as gold standard evaluations). Agreement between both internal medicine resident’s observations and internal medicine residents’ and gold standard evaluations were analyzed. Results: A total of 98 patients were evaluated, with 8 abdominal aortic aneurysms diagnosed, resulting in an 8.2% prevalence. There was good agreement regarding Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm presence and measurement between internal medicine residents’ examinations (κ = 0.918, p < 0.01) and internal medicine residents’/gold standard (κ = 0.950, p < 0.01). Discussion and Conclusion: Abdominal aortic aneurysm prevalence in our study was high. Internal medicine residents were able to accurately diagnose aortic abdominal aneurysm. Point of care opportunistic aortic abdominal aneurysm screening can be performed in Internal Medicine wards, providing an early diagnosis and referral for elective repair surgery.
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