Carpesium abrotanoides L. (CA) is widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia. The biological activities of the extract from the roots of Carpesium abrotanoides L. (PCA) and its major components were ...analyzed in this study. PCA was separated and identified with mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we sought to elucidate the anticancer activity of PCA and its mechanisms. PCA exerted its anti–breast cancer activity through inhibiting the expression of glycolysis‐related genes, such as glucose transporter 1, lactate dehydrogenase A, and hexokinase 2. Moreover, PCA downregulated the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 and altered its cellular translocation. We also demonstrated PCA is an inhibitor of the PKM2/hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α axis, indicating that PCA is potentially useful as an anti–breast cancer agent.
Practical Application
In this study, the extract from roots of Carpesium abrotanoides Linn. (PCA) was shown to have a noticeable anticancer effect against breast cancer in vitro, and PCA exerts the anticancer activity by regulating glucose metabolism and PKM2 expression. These findings indicate that PCA is a promising agent with practical applications in the development of functional food containing Carpesium abrotanoides L. root extracts.
Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition is an important element in psychiatric health diagnosis for patients. However, the underlying EEG sensor signals are always non-stationary if ...they are sampled from different experimental sessions or subjects. This results in the deterioration of the classification performance. Domain adaptation methods offer an effective way to reduce the discrepancy of marginal distribution. However, for EEG sensor signals, both marginal and conditional distributions may be mismatched. In addition, the existing domain adaptation strategies always require a high level of additional computation. To address this problem, a novel strategy named adaptive subspace feature matching (ASFM) is proposed in this paper in order to integrate both the marginal and conditional distributions within a unified framework (without any labeled samples from target subjects). Specifically, we develop a linear transformation function which matches the marginal distributions of the source and target subspaces without a regularization term. This significantly decreases the time complexity of our domain adaptation procedure. As a result, both marginal and conditional distribution discrepancies between the source domain and unlabeled target domain can be reduced, and logistic regression (LR) can be applied to the new source domain in order to train a classifier for use in the target domain, since the aligned source domain follows a distribution which is similar to that of the target domain. We compare our ASFM method with six typical approaches using a public EEG dataset with three affective states: positive, neutral, and negative. Both offline and online evaluations were performed. The subject-to-subject offline experimental results demonstrate that our component achieves a mean accuracy and standard deviation of 80.46% and 6.84%, respectively, as compared with a state-of-the-art method, the subspace alignment auto-encoder (SAAE), which achieves values of 77.88% and 7.33% on average, respectively. For the online analysis, the average classification accuracy and standard deviation of ASFM in the subject-to-subject evaluation for all the 15 subjects in a dataset was 75.11% and 7.65%, respectively, gaining a significant performance improvement compared to the best baseline LR which achieves 56.38% and 7.48%, respectively. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method relative to state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, computational efficiency of the proposed ASFM method is much better than standard domain adaptation; if the numbers of training samples and test samples are controlled within certain range, it is suitable for real-time classification. It can be concluded that ASFM is a useful and effective tool for decreasing domain discrepancy and reducing performance degradation across subjects and sessions in the field of EEG-based emotion recognition.
This study describes a multi-wavelength spectroscopic method for the determination of carboxyl group content of nanocellulose. Methylene blue (MB) was used as a color indicator, which can bind to the ...carboxyl groups in nanocellulose to form a R-COOMB complex with a binding ratio of 1:1, although the spectrums of MB and R-COOMB at 500–750 nm are overlapped, and solid impurities could cause spectral interference. To solve these issues, a multi-wavelength spectroscopic measurement on a MB and nanocellulose mixture solution technique and mathematical model were developed, allowing the content of carboxyl groups in nanocellulose to be quantified. The results showed that the method has good measurement precision and accuracy as compared with those measured by a reference method. The method is simple and requires only a small sample size for testing and thus makes it suitable for nanocellulose related research and applications.
Exposure to the toxic metal cadmium (Cd) is a well-established risk factor for hepatic inflammation, but it remains unclear how metabolic components, such as different fatty acids (FAs), interact ...with Cd to influence this process. Understanding these interactions is essential for identifying potential preventative and therapeutic targets for this disorder. To address this question, we conducted in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the combinatorial effect of Cd and saturated FAs on hepatic inflammation. Specifically, we assessed the cytotoxicity of Cd on macrophages and their polarization and inflammatory activation upon co-exposure to Cd and saturated FAs. Our results showed that while saturated FAs had minimal impact on the cytotoxicity of Cd on macrophages, they significantly collaborated with Cd in predisposing macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory M1 polarization, thereby promoting inflammatory activation. This joint effect of Cd and saturated FAs resulted in persistent inflammation and hepatic steatohepatitis in vivo. In summary, our study identified macrophage polarization as a novel mechanism by which co-exposure to Cd and saturated lipids induces hepatic inflammation. Our findings suggest that intervening in macrophage polarization may be a potential approach for mitigating the adverse hepatic effects of Cd.
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•Saturated fatty acids minimally impact Cd-induced macrophage cytotoxicity.•Saturated fatty acids synergize with Cd to induce macrophage M1 polarization.•Saturated lipids and Cd potentiate hepatic inflammation and NASH.
This paper reports on a color indicator-assisted spectrophotometric method for the determination of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) content in aqueous solution. Methyl blue (MB) was used as ...the color indicator and its absorbance at 597 nm can be instantly attenuated when the CMC-Na was introduced. The results showed that there was a linear relationship (R2 = 0.999) between the inverse of MB absorbance at 597 nm and the content of CMC-Na; The present method has a very good measurement precision (relative standard deviation < 1.15%) and accuracy (relative error < 4.37%, when compared with the results measured using the oven-dry method). The present method is very simple and rapid, and it is suitable for use in the mill operation, aiming at a timely process control.
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•A color indicator-assisted spectrophotometric method was developed to quantify the CMC-Na content in aqueous solution.•Methyl blue (MB) was used as the color indicator.•The method is based on the MB absorbance attenuation when the CMC-Na was introduced.•This method is accurate and suitable to be used in the mill operation aiming at a timely process control.
Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative coupling involves a highly efficient C−C bond formation from N‐phenyl‐7‐azaindole frameworks, thiophenes. Various novel 7‐azaindole derivatives have been ...successfully developed with good substrate applicability.
Various novel 7‐azaindole derivatives through rhodium(III)‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative coupling from N‐phenyl‐7‐azaindole frameworks, thiophenes have been successfully synthesized. The reaction is quite simple, exhibits a high atom economy.
Exposure to cadmium (Cd), a toxic metal, is epidemiologically linked to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in humans. However, the role of Cd in NASH remains to be fully elucidated. This study ...employed a novel murine NASH model to investigate the effects of chronic low-dose Cd on hepatic pathology and its underlying mechanisms. NASH is characterized by lipid accumulation, extensive cell death, and persistent inflammation in the liver. We found that treatment with Cd in drinking water (10 mg/L) for 6 or 12 weeks significantly boosted hepatic fat deposition, increased hepatocyte destruction, and amplified inflammatory responses in mice, confirming that low-dose Cd can facilitate NASH development in vivo. Mechanistically, chronic Cd exposure reshaped the hepatic transcriptional landscape, with PPAR-mediated fatty acid metabolic pathways being the most significantly altered. In particular, Cd repressed fatty acid desaturation, leading to the accumulation of saturated fatty acids whose lipotoxicity exacerbated cell death and, consequently, inflammatory activation. In summary, we validated the causal effects of chronic low-dose Cd on NASH in vivo and identified the fatty acid desaturation program as a novel target for Cd to instigate hepatopathological alterations.
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•Low-dose cadmium (Cd) facilitates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).•Cd suppresses fatty acid desaturation, leading to buildup of saturated lipids.•Lipotoxicity by saturated lipids synergizes Cd to cause extensive liver damages.•Extensive hepatic cell deaths feedforward to persistent inflammatory responses.•Hepatic lipotoxicity and inflammation culminate in Cd-induced NASH.
•Beam type specimen.•Sustained load.•Accelerate corrosion.•Instantaneous slip and time-dependent slip.•Prediction model of bond strength.
The degradation of bond behavior between corroded steel bars ...and concrete under sustained load is among the main issue for the durability of structures. In this study, the impressed current method was used to achieve target corrosion levels of tensile steel bar (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%), while specimens bearing the sustained load (0%, 25%, 45%, and 65% ultimate load). The sustained load lasted for 60 days, during which the instantaneous slip and time-dependent slip were recorded. Finally, the bond strength of all kinds of specimens was measured by the flexural-bond test. The test results show that corrosion and load significantly affect the slip and bond strength between steel bar and concrete. Slight corrosion (less than 1%) leads to higher bond strength, up to 1.22 times that of the control group, while severe corrosion (more than 2.42%) leads to lower. Additionally, the strength reduction caused by the coupling of load and corrosion is more obvious than the single, by up to 45.66%. In addition, based on the test results, the time-dependent slip and bond strength prediction model were proposed, which can be used for predicting the service life of structures in the erosive environment.
•Rapid determination of moisture content in paper materials.•The method is based on multiple headspace extraction gas chromatography.•The present method is efficient, accurate, and suitable for the ...determination of the moisture content in various paper materials.
This paper describes a new method for the rapid determination of the moisture content in paper materials. The method is based on multiple headspace extraction gas chromatography (MHE-GC) at a temperature above the boiling point of water, from which an integrated water loss from the tested sample due to evaporation can be measured and from which the moisture content in the sample can be determined. The results show that the new method has a good precision (with the relative standard deviation <0.96%), high sensitivity (the limit of quantitation=0.005%) and good accuracy (the relative differences <1.4%). Therefore, the method is quite suitable for many uses in research and industrial applications.
Abstract
An effective and condition‐controlled way to synthesize with high selectivity a variety of functionalized indoles with potent biological properties has been developed. Notably, 2,4‐dialkynyl ...indole products were obtained by direct double C−H bond alkynylation, whereas alkynyl at the C4 position could convert to carbonyl to generate 2‐alkynyl‐3,4‐diacetyl indoles fast and effectively. Additionally, a one‐pot relay catalytic reaction led to 2,5‐di‐alkynyl‐3,4‐diacetyl indoles when using a carbonyl group as the directing group and by controlling the type and quantity of additives. A possible mechanism was proposed based on many studies including deuterium‐exchange experiments, the necessary conditions of product conversion, and the effect of water on the reaction.
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