The study aimed to identify prevalence of
infection and associated risk factors among pupils of Ho Chi Minh city (HCMC).
A total of 1,476 pupils aged 6-15 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional ...study using multiple-stage sampling method. Infection status was assessed using stool antigen-test. A questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Logistic regression was performed to assess possible factors related to the infection.
Of the 1,409 children included in the analysis, 49.2% were male and 95.8% were of Kinh ethnicity. About 43.5% of parents completed college or university. The overall prevalence of
was 87.7%. Infrequency of handwashing with soap after toilet, the use of only water to clean after toilet, crowded living areas, larger family size, and younger age were independently contributing to an increased prevalence of
.
infection is highly prevalent in HCMC, and is associated with poor hygienic practices, crowded living areas, larger family size, and younger age. These findings highlight the importance of fecal-oral route and the attribution of crowded living conditions to the spreading of
in HCMC. Therefore, preventive programs should be set up with a focus on education of hygiene practices, and oriented to those living in crowded conditions.
Background
Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is increasing worldwide, with geographical variations, impacting the treatment outcomes. This study assessed the antibiotic ...resistance patterns of H. pylori in Vietnamese children.
Materials and Methods
Symptomatic children undergoing gastroduodenoscopy at two tertiary Children's Hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City were recruited. Antral and corpus biopsies were obtained and cultured separately. Susceptibility to amoxicillin (AMO), clarithromycin (CLA), metronidazole (MET), levofloxacin (LEV), and tetracycline (TET) was determined using E‐test. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on another antral biopsy to detect the urease gene, cytotoxin‐associated gene A (cagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) genotypes, and 23S rRNA mutations conferring CLA resistance.
Results
Among 123 enrolled children, a high primary resistance rate was found for CLA (68.5%, 61/89), followed by LEV (55.1%), MET (31.5%), AMO (25.8%), and TET (1.1%). Secondary resistance rates were 82.1% (7/28), 71.4%, 53.6%, and 3.6% for CLA, LEV, MET, and TET, respectively. Multidrug resistance was frequent (67.7%), with common patterns including CLA + LEV (20.3%) and CLA + MTZ + LEV (15.2%). Heteroresistance was detected in eight children (6.5%). The A2143G mutation was detected in 97.5% (119/122) of children. 86.1% of children had positive cagA strains and 27.9% had multiple vacA genotypes. No factor was significantly associated with antibiotic resistance.
Conclusions
The alarming rate of antibiotic resistance for H. pylori, especially for CLA, with emerging multi‐ and hetero‐resistant strains, pose a major treatment challenge that precludes CLA use as empirical therapy. Biopsies from both antrum and corpus can improve H. pylori culture, allowing tailored treatment based on antimicrobial susceptibility.
Objectives:
There is no study on
Helicobacter pylori
(
H. pylori
) infection in pupils of Ho Chi Minh city (HCMC), the most overcrowded city in Vietnam. Therefore, the aim of this study was to ...estimate the prevalence of
H. pylori
and its geographical spread among school-aged children.
Methods:
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1854 pupils across 24 districts of HCMC in 2019. Multiple-stage sampling method was used to enroll pupils. We built a four-points index for geographical division based on population density and employees density to evaluate the link between
H. pylori
and crowded level. Stool samples were analyzed by monoclonal enzyme-immunoassay stool antigen-test to assess the infection status. Logistic regression was performed to assess possible factors related to
H. pylori
infection.
Results:
The overall prevalence of
H. pylori
was 87.7%. There was a linear increasing trend in the infection rate (
p
< 0.001) across the 4-points index of HCMC and this trend maintained within both age and gender subgroups (
p
= 0.02).
Conclusion:
Prevalence of
H. pylori
was high and it increased with population density or employees density. Therefore, it is crucial to plan and implement the reduction of
H. pylori
infection programs by targeting the highly concentrated population areas of HCMC.
(
) remains a major cause of gastroduodenal diseases. We aimed to evaluate the burden of this infection, particularly peptic ulcer disease in Vietnamese children.
We enrolled consecutive children ...referred for esophagogastroduodenoscopy at two tertiary children's hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, from October 2019 to May 2021. Children treated with proton pump inhibitors during the last two weeks or antibiotics for four weeks, and those having a previous or interventional endoscopy were excluded.
infection was diagnosed with either a positive culture or positive histopathology combined with a rapid urease test, or with a polymerase chain reaction of the urease gene. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee and written informed consent/assent was obtained.
Among 336 enrolled children aged 4-16 (mean: 9.1 ± 2.4 years; 55.4% girls),
infection was positive in 80%. Peptic ulcers were detected in 65 (19%), increasing with age, and 25% with anemia.
strains were detected at a higher rate in children with ulcers.
Prevalence of
and peptic ulcers is high among symptomatic Vietnamese children. It is crucial to have a program for early detection of
to reduce ulcer risk and gastric cancer later.
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•Utilization of tea ground with carboxymethyl cellulose to synthesize carbon aerogel.•Characterization changes proportionally to the ratio of precursors ones.•Well ciprofloxacin ...adsorption capacity and energy storage performance.
Carbon aerogel (CA) was synthesized from cellulose-extracted tea grounds with carboxymethyl cellulose as the crosslinking agent and facilitated by pyrolysis. The analytical results indicated a high porosity of more than 75% and ultra-low density of the CA. Besides, the material also possessed a corrugated surface with the presence of numerous pores due to the random distribution of carbon sheets. Additionally, the CA2 material corresponding to the precursor ratio of 1:10 was selected as the most appropriate sample with the highest ciprofloxacin adsorption capacity and energy storage performance of 60.47 mg/g and 155.20F/g, respectively.
In this study, silver-immobilized graphene oxide/chitosan (AGC/CTS) membranes were assembled by the solvent evaporation method, wherein Curcuma longa extract was used to synthesize silver-immobilized ...graphene oxide (AGC) nanocomposite. The characterization results showed that the AGC was successfully synthesized with AgNPs distributed quite evenly on GO sheets. The as-prepared AGC also exhibited high antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity towards normal cell lines compared to human epithelial carcinoma cell lines. Besides, the fabrication of AGC/CTS membranes was additionally assessed with different AGC ratios and thicknesses. The results revealed the membrane containing 3 wt% of AGC with great hygroscopicity and elastic modulus of 27.03 ± 3.07 MPa. The samples also performed excellent bactericidal capability, along with good mechanical properties for banana preservation. Therewithal, the membrane-coated bananas were also elucidated to ripen at slower paces and less damage, with no appearance of patches of mold on the banana peel surface, eventually prolonging the shelf life of bananas up to 10 days as compared to the non-coated ones. The aforesaid results confirm the potential application of the AGC/CTS membrane as a safe and alternative fruit preservation agent in the food industry.
•Successful drafting silver-immobilized graphene oxide (AGC) nanocomposite into chitosan film•Various fundamental physicochemical properties of AGC/CTS films•Facilitating robustness of bioactives for AGC/CTS films•Shelf life prolongation and less physical damage when coating AGC/CTS film on bananas•No patches of mold and safety for using due to low silver ion concentration release
Objectives:
This study assessed the diagnostic value of a monoclonal immunoassay stool antigen test (HpSA) for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the eradication outcomes.
Methods:
...Children undergoing digestive endoscopy at 2 Children's Hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City were recruited. Treatment was offered to H. pylori‐infected children. Stool samples were collected on the same day as the endoscopy procedure and after 6 weeks post‐treatment for HpSA. Diagnostic value and optimal cutoff of HpSA were assessed using biopsy‐based tests as the gold standard. Eradication was defined as a negative HpSA post‐treatment. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was signed by the participants.
Results:
In total, 394 patients participated in the study. The most common symptoms were epigastric pain (74.6%) and vomiting (37.3%). H. pylori status was positive in 78% of patients (306/394), doubtful in 10.1%, and negative in 12.2%. HpSA was positive in 73.2% (142/194). Excluding doubtful infections, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of HpSA were 87.4%, 95.2%, 99.2%, 51.3%, and 88.4%, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of 0.148 provided similar accuracy to the recommended cutoff. The eradication rate was 56.1% in per‐protocol analysis and 27.9% in intention‐to‐treat analysis. Treatment success was higher in boys, but lower among malnourished children and those infected with cagA+ strains.
Conclusions:
The HpSA is reliable for identifying H. pylori infection in epidemiological studies and assessing eradication outcomes. The low eradication rate highlights the need for an appropriate intervention strategy in Vietnamese children.
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) remains a major cause of gastroduodenal diseases. We aimed to evaluate the burden of this infection, particularly peptic ulcer disease in Vietnamese ...children. Methods: We enrolled consecutive children referred for esophagogastroduodenoscopy at two tertiary children’s hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, from October 2019 to May 2021. Children treated with proton pump inhibitors during the last two weeks or antibiotics for four weeks, and those having a previous or interventional endoscopy were excluded. H. pylori infection was diagnosed with either a positive culture or positive histopathology combined with a rapid urease test, or with a polymerase chain reaction of the urease gene. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee and written informed consent/assent was obtained. Results: Among 336 enrolled children aged 4–16 (mean: 9.1 ± 2.4 years; 55.4% girls), H. pylori infection was positive in 80%. Peptic ulcers were detected in 65 (19%), increasing with age, and 25% with anemia. cagA+ strains were detected at a higher rate in children with ulcers. Conclusions: Prevalence of H. pylori and peptic ulcers is high among symptomatic Vietnamese children. It is crucial to have a program for early detection of H. pylori to reduce ulcer risk and gastric cancer later.
Tutorials at The Web Conference 2023 Fionda, Valeria; Hartig, Olaf; Abdolazimi, Reyhaneh ...
Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023,
04/2023
Conference Proceeding
Open access
This paper summarizes the content of the 28 tutorials that have been given at The Web Conference 2023.
