Purpose
This study aimed to review the epidemiological studies on orthopedic traumatology and the Chinese experience in large volume databases of fractures.
Methods
Review of international and ...Chinese literature.
Results
Traumatic fractures are associated with high risks of death and disability worldwide, thus increasing financial burden on affected families and society. In the current study, epidemiological surveys on fractures around the world were reviewed to explore distribution and types of fractures in different populations. Different populations exhibit heterogeneity in the type, incidence of traumatic fractures, and the underlying causes and severity of fractures. Fracture epidemiology has strengthened clinical practice and increased understanding of the causes and patterns of fracture occurrence. Fracture and trauma epidemiological studies provide findings for use in public health education and data that can be used to develop targeted prevention intervention strategies by health departments.
Conclusion
The current study summarized the worldwide epidemiological studies on orthopedic traumatology. The findings of this study will provide a basis for designing effective methods for fracture prevention and management.
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Cadmium (Cd) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are prominent soil contaminants found in industrial sites, and their combined effects on plants are not yet fully understood. ...To investigate the mechanisms underlying the co-exposure of Cd and PAHs and identify key biomarkers for their co-effects, an integrated analysis of metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics was conducted on ryegrass leaves cultivated in soil. In nontarget metabolomics analysis, nine differentially expressed metabolites that were specifically induced by the compound exposure were identified. When combined with the analysis of differentially expressed genes and proteins, it was determined that the major pathways involved in the response to the co-stress of Cd and PAHs were linoleic acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The upregulation of 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid and the downregulation of sinapyl alcohol were identified as typical biomarkers, respectively. Compared to scenarios of single exposures, the compound exposure to Cd and PAHs disrupted the oxidation of linoleic acid, leading to alterations in the profiles of linoleate metabolites. Additionally, it intensified hydroxylation, carboxylation, and methylation processes, and interfered with reactions involving coenzyme A, thus inhibiting lignin production. As a result, oxidative stress was elevated, and the cell wall defense system in ryegrass was weakened. The findings of this study highlight the ecological risks associated with unique biological responses in plants co-exposed to Cd and PAHs in polluted soils.
Efficient repair of injured epithelium by airway progenitor cells could prevent acute inflammation from progressing into chronic phase in lung. Here, we used small molecules, genetic ...loss-of-function, organoid cultures, and in vivo lung-injury models to show that autophagy is essential for maintaining the pool of airway stem-like vClub cells by promoting their proliferation during ovalbumin-induced acute inflammation. Mechanistically, impaired autophagy disrupted glucose uptake in vClub progenitor cells, and either reduced accessibility to glucose or partial inhibition of glycolysis promoted the proliferative capacity of vClub progenitor cells and their daughter Club cells. However, glucose deprivation or glycolysis blockade abrogated the proliferative capacity of airway vClub cells and Club cells but promoted ciliated and goblet cell differentiation. Deficiency of glucose transporter-1 suppressed the proliferative capacity of airway progenitor cells after ovalbumin challenge. These findings suggested that autophagy and glucose metabolism are essential for the maintenance of airway epithelium at steady state and during allergic inflammation.
Routability estimation identifies potentially congested areas in advance to achieve high-quality routing solutions. To improve the routing quality, this paper presents a deep learning-based ...congestion estimation algorithm, which serves to guide the initial pattern routing of a global router to reduce unexpected overflows. Unlike existing methods based on traditional compressed 2D features for model training and prediction, our algorithm extracts appropriate 3D features from the placed netlists. Furthermore, an improved RUDY (Rectangular Uniform wire DensitY) method is developed to estimate 3D routing demands. For the model selection, we employ the U-net model with good image prediction ability as a routability estimator, and the prediction results are used for guiding the initial routing process. Since our training set is formed by cropping training designs, the structural information between two adjacent cropped designs may be missed. Hence, we divide experiments into two parts, experiments based on normal designs and experiments based on big designs. Compared with the state-of-the-art method, experimental results show that our routability estimator can significantly improve the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) index and reduce the Mean Absolute Normalized Error (MANE) and the Standard Deviation in the Normalized Error (SDNE). Furthermore, our congestion-guided global routing can reduce the routing overflows, wirelength, and via count both on normal designs and big designs, compared to CUGR.
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•Visualization and targeting can be achieved.•Photopolymerization can prepare magnetic polymer materials at room temperature, avoiding the phenomenon of high temperature ...demagnetization caused by thermal polymerization.•Inert allylic monomer materials are activated by light, which is expected to be widely used in the field of biomedical materials.•Sucrose Allyl Ether monomers have polyhydroxy functional groups and enhanced polarity, which can disperse nano-magnetic inorganic substances.
Traditional magnetothermal nanoparticles showed great limitations for the diagnosis of tumor location in a dynamic physiological environment in vivo. Here, we show an one-step photo-click method based on the composite structure of γ-Fe2O3@Poly(sucrose allyl ether) magnetic microspheres to meet this challenge. The advantages are to prepare the magnetic microspheres not in extreme conditions and using sucrose as the polymeric matrix to prevent Fe2O3 nanoparticles from agglomeration. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that γ-Fe2O3@PSAE has excellent stability in biological medium and inappreciable cytotoxicity. Moreover obvious tumor magnetic resonance imaging contrasts were observed based on response of γ-Fe2O3@PSAE. Under an alternating magnetic field, the heat generated by the magnetic microspheres γ-Fe2O3@PSAE thermally ablated H22 hepatoma cells from Kunming male mice, thereby inhibiting tumors. The histopathological studies showed that the tumor growth was significantly inhibited with the increase in the dosage of γ-Fe2O3@PSAE.
A mild and simple multicomponent procedure has been established for the preparation of substituted thienopyrrolediones. The advantages of this strategy include the use of a cheap, stable and ...smell-free in nature sulfur source, readily available raw materials, wide substrate scope, easily-handled protocol and a simple metal free procedure.
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The strong excitonic effect in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) endows them with intriguing optoelectronic properties but also short-lived population and valley polarization. Exciton ...dissociation by interfacial charge transfer has been shown as an effective approach to prolonging excited-state lifetimes. Herein, by ultrafast spectroscopy and building-block molecule C60, we investigated exciton and valley polarization dynamics in the prototypical WSe2/C60 inorganic–organic hybrid. We show that excitons in WSe2 can be dissociated through ultrafast (∼1 ps) electron transfer to C60, with nanosecond charge separation due to thermally activated electron diffusion in C60 film. Because of suppressed electron–hole exchange interaction after electron transfer, hole in WSe2 exhibits a spin/valley polarization lifetime of ∼60 ps at room temperature, more than 2 orders of magnitude longer than that in WSe2 monolayer. This study suggests exciton dissociation as a general approach to suppress electron–hole interaction and prolong the charge/spin/valley lifetime in TMDs.
At present, hepatectomy is still the most common and effective treatment method for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients. However, the postoperative prognosis is poor. Therefore, the ...prognostic factors for these patients require further exploration. Whether microvascular invasion (MVI) plays a crucial role in the prognosis of ICC patients is still unclear. Moreover, few studies have focused on preoperative predictions of MVI in ICC patients.
Clinicopathological data of 704 ICC patients after curative resection were retrospectively collected from 13 hospitals. Independent risk factors were identified by the Cox or logistic proportional hazards model. In addition, the survival curves of the MVI-positive and MVI-negative groups before and after matching were analyzed. Subsequently, 341 patients from a single center (Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital) in the above multicenter retrospective cohort were used to construct a nomogram prediction model. Then, the model was evaluated by the index of concordance (C-Index) and the calibration curve.
After propensity score matching (PSM), Child-Pugh grade and MVI were independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) in ICC patients after curative resection. Major hepatectomy and MVI were independent risk factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS). The survival curves of OS and RFS before and after PSM in the MVI-positive groups were significantly different compared with those in the MVI-negative groups. Multivariate logistic regression results demonstrated that age, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and preoperative image tumor number were independent risk factors for the occurrence of MVI. Furthermore, the prediction model in the form of a nomogram was constructed, which showed good prediction ability for both the training (C-index = 0.7622) and validation (C-index = 0.7591) groups, and the calibration curve showed good consistency with reality.
MVI is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of ICC patients after curative resection. Age, GGT, and preoperative image tumor number were independent risk factors for the occurrence of MVI in ICC patients. The prediction model constructed further showed good predictive ability in both the training and validation groups with good consistency with reality.
To address privacy concerns and reduce network latency, there has been a recent trend of compressing cumbersome recommendation models trained on the cloud and deploying compact recommender models to ...resource-limited devices for the real-time recommendation. Existing solutions generally overlook device heterogeneity and user heterogeneity. They require devices with the same budget to share the same model and assume the available device resources (e.g., memory) are constant, which is not reflective of reality. Considering device and user heterogeneities as well as dynamic resource constraints, this article proposes a Personalized Elastic Embedding Learning framework (PEEL) for the on-device recommendation, which generates Personalized Elastic Embeddings (PEEs) for devices with various memory budgets in a once-for-all manner, adapting to new or dynamic budgets, and addressing user preference diversity by assigning personalized embeddings for different groups of users. Specifically, it pretrains a global embedding table with collected user-item interaction instances and clusters users into groups. Then, it refines the embedding tables with local interaction instances within each group. PEEs are generated from the group-wise embedding blocks and their weights that indicate the contribution of each embedding block to the local recommendation performance. Given a memory budget, PEEL efficiently generates PEEs by selecting embedding blocks with the largest weights, making it adaptable to dynamic memory budgets on devices. Furthermore, a diversity-driven regularizer is implemented to encourage the expressiveness of embedding blocks, and a controller is utilized to optimize the weights. Extensive experiments are conducted on two public datasets, and the results show that PEEL yields superior performance on devices with heterogeneous and dynamic memory budgets.
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