The development of high-performance near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes is hindered by strong non-radiative processes as governed by the energy gap law. Here, we show that exciton ...delocalization, which serves to decouple the exciton band from highly vibrational ladders in the S0 ground state, can bring substantial enhancements in the photoluminescence quantum yield of emitters, bypassing the energy gap law. Experimental proof is provided by the design and synthesis of a series of new Pt(ii) complexes with a delocalization length of 5–9 molecules that emit at 866–960 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 5–12% in solid films. The corresponding near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes emit light with a 930 nm peak wavelength and a high external quantum efficiency up to 2.14% and a radiance of 41.6 W sr−1 m−2. Both theoretical and experimental results confirm the exciton–vibration decoupling strategy, which should be broadly applicable to other well-aligned molecular solids.Pt(ii) complexes allow the fabrication of efficient near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes that operate beyond the 900 nm region.
To improve the stability and expand applications of genome editing in Bacillus subtilis, we propose a new concept of the Cre-Cas system, which combines Cre-lox72 and CRISPR-Cas9 into an effective and ...convenient method. Single homologous recombination is used to introduce the integration vector into the chromosome via appropriate guide DNA to inactivate and/or insert genes of interest. The Cre recombinase then removes the region of a selection marker that is no longer needed, and the Escherichia coli replicon between the lox66 and lox71 sites are recombined to a single lox72 site. The CRISPR-Cas9 system can then be applied to remove the inserted foreign gene by targeted cutting. After Cas9 cutting, B. subtilis self-repairs the broken region to its original state without the aid of additional DNA templates. To validate this system, we used T7 and keratinase expression cassettes; self-repair efficiency was evaluated based on the loss or maintenance of the antibiotic resistance gene, as analyzed on selective media. Our results demonstrated that the insertion position in the chromosome is a more critical factor than the insertion length of the gene for efficient self-repair in the B. subtilis genome. This concept can provide the applicability of chromosomal editing in B. subtilis.
•The Cre-Cas system concept combines the Cre-lox72 and CRISPR-Cas9 systems.•Single homologous recombination is more suitable for the Cre-Cas system.•The Cre-Cas system improves the applicability of genome engineering in Bacillus subtilis.
Near‐infrared organic light‐emitting diodes (NIR OLEDs) enable many unique applications ranging from night‐vision displays and photodynamic therapies. However, the development of efficient NIR OLEDs ...with a low efficiency roll‐off is still challenging. Here, a series of new heteroleptic Pt(II) complexes (1–4) flanked by both pyridyl pyrimidinate and functional azolate chelates are synthesized. The reduced ππ* energy gap of the pyridyl pyrimidinate chelate, and strong intermolecular interaction and high crystallinity in vacuum‐deposited thin films engender strong intermolecular charge transfer transition including metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer; thereby, exhibiting efficient photoluminescence within 776–832 nm and short radiative lifetimes of 0.52–0.79 µs. Consequently, nondoped NIR‐emitting OLEDs based on these Pt(II) complexes are fabricated, to which Pt(II) complexes 2 and 4 give record high maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.61% at 794 nm and 9.58% at 803 nm, respectively. Moreover, low efficiency roll‐off is also observed, among which the device efficiencies of 2 and 4 are at least four times higher than that of the best NIR‐emitting OLEDs recorded at current density of 100 mA cm−2.
Nondoped near‐infrared organic light‐emitting diodes based on pyrimidinate‐pyrazolate Pt(II) metal complexes 2 and 4 are fabricated, yielding a record high maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.61% at 794 nm and 9.58% at 803 nm, respectively.
Pt(II) metal complexes are known to exhibit strong solid‐state aggregation and are promising for realization of efficient emission in fabrication of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) with nondoped ...emitter layer. Four pyrimidine–pyrazolate based chelates, together with four isomeric Pt(II) metal complexes, namely: Pt(pm2z)2, Pt(tpm2z)2, Pt(pm4z)2, and Pt(tpm4z)2, are isolated and systematically investigated for their structure–property relationships for practical OLED applications. Detailed single molecular and aggregated structures are revealed by photophysical and mechanochromic measurements, grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction, and theoretical approaches. These results suggest that these Pt(II) emitters pack like a deck of playing cards under vacuum deposition, and their emission energy is not only affected by the single molecular designs, but notably influenced by their intermolecular packing interaction, i.e., Pt···Pt separations that are arranged in the order: Pt(tpm4z)2 > Pt(pm4z)2 > Pt(tpm2z)2 > Pt(pm2z)2. Nondoped OLED with emission ranging from green to red are prepared, to which the best performances are recorded for Pt(tpm2z)2, giving maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.5% at 103 cd m−2, maximum luminance of 2.5 × 105 cd m−2 at 17 V, and with stable CIEx,y of (0.56, 0.44).
Nondoped organic light emitting diodes (OLED) devices with emission ranging from green to red are prepared using four Pt(II) complexes that exhibit strong solid‐state aggregation and horizontal aligned transition dipole moments, while their stacking characteristics also play a crucial role in manipulating the emission properties.
We performed the present study to investigate the role of computed tomography (CT) radiomics in differentiating nonfunctional adenoma and aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and outcome prediction in ...patients with clinically suspected primary aldosteronism (PA). This study included 60 patients diagnosed with essential hypertension (EH) with nonfunctional adenoma on CT and 91 patients with unilateral surgically proven APA. Each whole nodule on unenhanced and venous phase CT images was segmented manually and randomly split into training and test sets at a ratio of 8:2. Radiomic models for nodule discrimination and outcome prediction of APA after adrenalectomy were established separately using the training set by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, and the performance was evaluated on test sets. The model can differentiate adrenal nodules in EH and PA with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 83.3%, 78.9% and 80.6% (AUC = 0.91 0.72, 0.97) in unenhanced CT and 81.2%, 100% and 87.5% (AUC = 0.98 0.77, 1.00) in venous phase CT, respectively. In the outcome after adrenalectomy, the models showed a favorable ability to predict biochemical success (Unenhanced/venous CT: AUC = 0.67 0.52, 0.79/0.62 0.46, 0.76) and clinical success (Unenhanced/venous CT: AUC = 0.59 0.47, 0.70/0.64 0.51, 0.74). The results showed that CT-based radiomic models hold promise to discriminate APA and nonfunctional adenoma when an adrenal incidentaloma was detected on CT images of hypertensive patients in clinical practice, while the role of radiomic analysis in outcome prediction after adrenalectomy needs further investigation.
Trehalose synthase converts maltose into trehalose in a single conversion step via intramolecular transformation and is thus useful for industrial production. In this study, we synthesized a ...thermophilic trehalose synthase from Thermus antranikianii (TaTS), which was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant TaTS showed the highest activity at pH 7.0 and 60°C, with the maximum trehalose yield (76.8%) obtained at pH 7.0 and 30°C. TaTS activity was stable over a wide pH and temperature range of 6–10 and 4–70°C, respectively, over 6 h of incubation. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and Tris. TaTS showed a 1.48-fold higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for maltose than for trehalose. Overall, these results demonstrate the good application potential of the recombinant enzyme TaTS in the efficient conversion of trehalose from maltose, with superior environmental tolerance to other trehalose synthases reported.
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•Thermophilic trehalose synthase from Thermus antranikianii (TaTS) was obtained.•Recombinant TaTS was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).•TaTS showed high pH (pH 6–10) and temperature (4–70°C) resistance.•Maximum trehalose conversion yield (76.8%) of TaTS occurred at pH 7.0 and 30°C.•TaTS shows good potential for large-scale industrial production of trehalose.
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has increased rapidly with respect to tasks including disease detection/diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis prediction. With ...recent advances in computing power and algorithms, AI has shown promise in taking advantage of vast electronic health data and imaging studies to supplement clinicians. Machine learning and deep learning are the most widely used AI methodologies for medical research and have been applied in pancreatobiliary diseases for which diagnosis and treatment selection are often complicated and require joint consideration of data from multiple sources. The aim of this review is to provide a concise introduction of the major AI methodologies and the current landscape of AI research in pancreatobiliary diseases.
