To investigate the effect of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in remission on hematopoiesis recovery in patients with NPM1 mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after chemotherapy.
Retrospective analysis was ...performed on 86 patients with NPM1(mut) AML newly diagnosed and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between July 2016 and June 2019. Their clinical data and NGS test results at diagnosis were analyzed. Moreover, bone marrow samples in remission were tested using Sanger sequencing. The log-rank test was used to analyze the difference in hematopoietic recovery, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the prognostic factors affecting hematopoietic recovery.
The median age of the 86 NPM1(mut) AML patients was 50 years (15-69 years). There were 39 males and 47 females. Forty-one patients were induced with intensity chemotherapy ("7 + 3"), whereas 45 patients were treated with low-dose cytarabine-based induction chemotherapy. At diagnosis, The most common mutations in the pati
Adsorption and desorption properties of desiccants are of key significances to the dehumidification performance of a compact dehumidification component named desiccant coated heat exchanger. This ...work developed novel activated carbon (AC) - sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) composite coated aluminum sheets with high adsorption property and good desorption ability. Adsorption and desorption properties of AC-PAAS coated aluminum sheets were investigated under different air conditions. Cyclic adsorption-desorption features with internal-cooling/heating were conducted. Results showed that composite coated aluminum sheets had nearly 2∼3 times higher water uptake than an AC coated sample in the range of medium- to high-relative humidity (60%∼90% RH). More than 95% of adsorbed water in composite samples was released at 70 °C & 20% RH, and 86% was still desorbed when the air temperature was decreased to 40 °C. Adsorption capacities and rate coefficients of composite samples with internal-cooling could be 2.3 and 1.5 times higher than those without. This paper provides a way to develop composite desiccants with high cyclic water uptake performance in the fields of adsorption cooling, solid desiccant air-conditioning and atmospheric water harvesting.
•Activated carbon-sodium polyacrylate coated aluminum sheets are prepared.•Adsorption capacity of a composite had nearly 2–3 times of pure activated carbon.•Composite can be well regenerated at the air of 40–70 °C.•Adsorption capacity of composite can be 2.3 times higher if internal-cooling applied.
Abstract
Quasar feedback may regulate the growth of supermassive black holes, quench coeval star formation, and impact galaxy morphology and the circumgalactic medium. However, direct evidence for ...quasar feedback in action at the epoch of peak black hole accretion at
z
≈ 2 remains elusive. A good case in point is the
z
= 1.6 quasar WISEA J100211.29+013706.7 (XID 2028), where past analyses of the same ground-based data have come to different conclusions. Here, we revisit this object with the integral-field unit of the Near Infrared Spectrograph on board the JWST as part of Early Release Science program Q3D. The excellent angular resolution and sensitivity of the JWST data reveal new morphological and kinematic substructures in the outflowing gas plume. An analysis of the emission-line ratios indicates that photoionization by the central quasar dominates the ionization state of the gas with no obvious sign for a major contribution from hot young stars anywhere in the host galaxy. The rest-frame near-UV emission aligned along the wide-angle cone of outflowing gas is interpreted as a scattering cone. The outflow has cleared a channel in the dusty host galaxy, through which some of the quasar ionizing radiation is able to escape and heat the surrounding interstellar and circumgalactic media. Although the warm ionized outflow is not powerful enough to impact the host galaxy via mechanical feedback, radiative feedback by the active galactic nucleus, aided by the outflow, may help to explain the unusually small molecular gas mass fraction in the galaxy host.
Online learning has been rapidly developing in the last decade. However, there is very little literature available about the actual adoption of online synchronous assessment approaches and any ...guidelines for effective assessment design and implementation. This paper aims at designing and evaluating the possibility of applying online synchronous assessments in a formal credit course. Relying on the four dimensions of knowledge taxonomy, this paper describes four different online synchronous assessments for conducting a formal mid‐term exam, including synchronous quiz, synchronous practicum, synchronous essay and synchronous oral assessments. The designs were implemented and evaluated in a synchronous cyber classroom for an online credit course. This study identified the challenges and potential issues while conducting the online synchronous assessments, including (1) the extent of monitoring and cheating; (2) the lack of suitable software tools specifically for supporting online synchronous assessments; and (3) the need for a variety of online synchronous assessment methods for different subject matter. This paper concludes with some possible solutions, such as a short time limit for answering questions and a well analysed need of a software tool, to address all the issues.
Preparedness for a possible influenza pandemic caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza A subtype H5N1 has become a global priority. The spread of the virus to Europe and continued human infection ...in Southeast Asia have heightened pandemic concern. It remains unknown from where the pandemic strain may emerge; current attention is directed at Vietnam, Thailand, and, more recently, Indonesia and China. Here, we report that genetically and antigenically distinct sublineages of H5N1 virus have become established in poultry in different geographical regions of Southeast Asia, indicating the long-term endemicity of the virus, and the isolation of H5N1 virus from apparently healthy migratory birds in southern China. Our data show that H5N1 influenza virus, has continued to spread from its established source in southern China to other regions through transport of poultry and bird migration. The identification of regionally distinct sublineages contributes to the understanding of the mechanism for the perpetuation and spread of H5N1, providing information that is directly relevant to control of the source of infection in poultry. It points to the necessity of surveillance that is geographically broader than previously supposed and that includes H5N1 viruses of greater genetic and antigenic diversity.
Low birth weight (LBW) followed by accelerated postnatal growth is associated with increased risk of developing age-associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Gestational protein restriction in ...rats causes LBW, β-cell dysfunction, and reduced longevity. These effects may be mediated by accelerated cellular aging. This study tested the hypothesis that LBW followed by rapid postnatal catch-up growth leads to islet telomere shortening through alterations in antioxidant defense capacity, stress/senescence marker proteins, and DNA repair mechanisms at the gene expression level. We used our rat model of gestational protein restriction (recuperated offspring) and control offspring. Southern blotting revealed shorter (P<0.001) islet telomeres in recuperated animals compared to controls. This was associated with increased expression of peroxiredoxin 1 (P<0.05), peroxiredoxin 3 (P<0.01), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (P<0.05), which are up-regulated under stress conditions. MnSOD expression was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in recuperated offspring, suggesting partial impairment of mitochondrial antioxidant defenses. Markers of cellular senescence p21 and p16 were also increased (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) in the recuperated group. We conclude that maternal diet influences expression of markers of cellular stress and telomere length in pancreatic islets. This may provide a mechanistic link between early nutrition and growth and type 2 diabetes.--Tarry-Adkins, J. L., Chen, J. H., Smith, N. S., Jones, R. H., Cherif, H., Ozanne, S. E. Poor maternal nutrition followed by accelerated postnatal growth leads to telomere shortening and increased markers of cell senescence in rat islets.
Magnetized laser-produced plasmas are central to many novel laboratory astrophysics and inertial confinement fusion studies, as well as in industrial applications. Here we provide the first complete ...description of the three-dimensional dynamics of a laser-driven plasma plume expanding in a 20 T transverse magnetic field. The plasma is collimated by the magnetic field into a slender, rapidly elongating slab, whose plasma-vacuum interface is unstable to the growth of the "classical," fluidlike magnetized Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, NUK, UL
Abstract
We report on a detailed spectral analysis of the transient X-ray pulsar 1A 0535+262, which underwent the brightest giant outburst ever recorded for this source from 2020 November to December ...with a peak luminosity of 1.2 × 10
38
erg s
−1
. Thanks to the unprecedented energy coverage and high-cadence observations provided by Insight-HXMT, we were able to find for the first time evidence for a transition of the accretion regime. At high luminosity, above the critical luminosity 6.7 × 10
37
erg s
−1
, the cyclotron absorption line energy anticorrelates with luminosity. Below the critical luminosity, a positive correlation is observed. Therefore, 1A 0535+262 becomes the second source after V0332+53, which clearly shows an anticorrelation above and transition between correlation and anticorrelation around the critical luminosity. The evolution of both the observed CRSF line energy and broadband X-ray continuum spectrum throughout the outburst exhibits significant differences during the rising and fading phases; that is, for a similar luminosity, the spectral parameters take different values, which results in hysteresis patterns for several spectral parameters including the cyclotron line energy. We argue that, similar to V0332+53, these changes might be related to the different geometry of the emission region in rising and declining parts of the outburst, probably due to changes in the accretion disk structure and its interaction with the magnetosphere of the neutron star.
The recent realistic estimate of fungal numbers which used various algorithms was between 2.2 and 3.8 million. There are nearly 100,000 accepted species of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, which is ...between 2.6 and 4.5% of the estimated species. Several forums such as Botanica Marina series, Fungal Diversity notes, Fungal Biodiversity Profiles, Fungal Systematics and Evolution—New and Interesting Fungi, Mycosphere notes and Fungal Planet have enhanced the introduction of new taxa and nearly 2000 species have been introduced in these publications in the last decade. The need to define a fungal species more accurately has been recognized, but there is much research needed before this can be better clarified. We address the evidence that is needed to estimate the numbers of fungi and address the various advances that have been made towards its understanding. Some genera are barely known, whereas some plant pathogens comprise numerous species complexes and numbers are steadily increasing. In this paper, we examine ten genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal description and introduce new species in each genus. The genera are the ascomycetes
Colletotrichum
and
Pestalotiopsis
(with many species or complexes),
Atrocalyx
,
Dothiora, Lignosphaeria
,
Okeanomyces, Rhamphoriopsis
,
Thozetella
,
Thyrostroma
(relatively poorly studied genera) and the basidiomycete genus
Lepiota
. We provide examples where knowledge is incomplete or lacking and suggest areas needing further research. These include (1) the need to establish what is a species, (2) the need to establish how host-specific fungi are, not in highly disturbed urban areas, but in pristine or relatively undisturbed forests, and (3) the need to establish if species in different continents, islands, countries or regions are different, or if the same fungi occur worldwide? Finally, we conclude whether we are anywhere near to flattening the curve in new species description.
•Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) has higher spatial resolution and deeper penetration compared to other non-invasive stimulation methods.•TUS can produce short-term and long-lasting changes ...in neuronal excitability and spontaneous firing rate of neurons.•TUS holds great potential as an investigative tool in neuroscience and as a treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) holds great potential as a tool to alter neural circuits non-invasively in both animals and humans. In contrast to established non-invasive brain stimulation methods, ultrasonic waves can be focused on both cortical and deep brain targets with the unprecedented spatial resolution as small as a few cubic millimeters. This focusing allows exclusive targeting of small subcortical structures, previously accessible only by invasive deep brain stimulation devices. The neuromodulatory effects of TUS are likely derived from the kinetic interaction of the ultrasound waves with neuronal membranes and their constitutive mechanosensitive ion channels, to produce short term and long-lasting changes in neuronal excitability and spontaneous firing rate. After decades of mechanistic and safety investigation, the technique has finally come of age, and an increasing number of human TUS studies are expected. Given its excellent compatibility with non-invasive brain mapping techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as well as neuromodulatory techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), systemic TUS effects can readily be assessed in both basic and clinical research. In this review, we present the fundamentals of TUS for a broader audience. We provide up-to-date information on the physical and neurophysiological mechanisms of TUS, available readouts for its neural and behavioral effects, insights gained from animal models and human studies, potential clinical applications, and safety considerations. Moreover, we discuss the indirect effects of TUS on the nervous system through peripheral co-stimulation and how these confounding factors can be mitigated by proper control conditions.
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