High‐entropy materials, a new class of alloys that incorporate five or more principal elements into single‐phase crystal structures, have received considerable interest in materials science and ...engineering. Considering the tailored composition and disordered configuration, these high‐entropy materials may arouse functional synergism towards electrocatalysis. Here, a new strategy for preparing high‐entropy metal phosphides (HEMPs) was developed by a eutectic solvent method. The as‐prepared HEMP possessed a single metal phosphide phase with up to five homogenously distributed metal components. The versatile application of high‐entropy materials was highlighted by integrating the HEMP catalyst into a two‐electrode configuration for electrocatalytic water splitting.
HEMP‐catalyzed water splitting: A new synthetic approach to high‐entropy metal phosphides (HEMP) based on a eutectic solvent method is presented. After a one‐step in situ phosphorization reaction, the HEMP nanosheets are successfully fabricated. The versatile application of the high‐entropy material is highlighted by integrating the HEMP catalyst into a two‐electrode configuration for electrocatalytic water splitting.
In this paper, entropy, coupling coordination degree, spatial auto-analysis, LISA time path, and other methods have been used to analyze the coupling coordination degree of urban resilience and ...urbanization quality of 14 cities in Liaoning Province from 2009 to 2019. The results show that: 1. The number of highly resilient cities accounts for 14.3% of the total number of cities in Liaoning Province, and the overall resilience degree is low; the spatial distribution shrinks along the Shenyang-Dalian Economic Belt toward both sides, with obvious "core-margin" characteristics. 2. The average score of urbanization quality increased from 0.0574 to 0.0966, showing a fluctuating upward trend; the regional difference was significant, and the "dual-core" characteristic was prominent. 3. During the study period, the 14 cities of Liaoning Province were in a state of imbalance, and there was a positive correlation between the coupling degree and the coordination degree. Moran's I decreased from 0.237 to 0.220 and the spatial agglomeration characteristics also weakened. Further analysis of the spatial and temporal linkage characteristics of the coupling relationship shows that the relative length of LISA time path presents characteristics of protrusion in the central region and shrinkage on the East and West sides, and the curvature presents characteristics that are smaller in the North and larger in the South.
Farm ponds, which are sometimes numerous and widely distributed in agricultural regions, have faced widespread degradation in recent decades. Although conservation strategies for these biodiversity ...hotspots have gradually increased, appropriate approaches for developing country contexts are lacking. Farm ponds provided hydrologic, biogeochemical, and socioeconomic benefits to southern China for thousands of years, but they are facing contemporary threats and management challenges, including (1) inadequate planning in terms of construction and conservation regulations; (2) rural nonpoint source and mini-point source pollution; (3) climate change induced abnormalities in the hydroperiod and disturbance to wildlife; (4) invasive species; and (5) inadequate social and political capacity to consider ecological conservation. Because farm ponds function as wetland complexes that are embedded within or integral to larger ecosystems, their conservation requires collaborative efforts over scales ranging from within-pond to regional. We highlight approaches that build public awareness and involve inventory maps as a basis. Policies that integrate top-down regulation and bottom-up engagement and emphasize sustainable management and utilization are recommended to ensure the effectiveness and continuous improvement of conservation programs. Techniques that involve interconnected smart sensors, volunteering and citizen science, and integrated process-based modeling are preferred when conducting comprehensive descriptions of the pond landscape, numerical assessments on their ecosystem services, and associated conservation cost analyses. Nature-based solutions are increasingly recognized as an important opportunity for coping with water-related crises. This paper presents the first synthetic perspective on the ecological roles of farm ponds in agriculturally dominated developing countries. The analytical framework and conservation suggestions are referential to sustainable rural development and the management of other small, scattered wetlands.
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•Farm ponds are small, scattered wetlands with a long history in southern China.•They provided hydrologic, biogeochemical, biodiversity and socioeconomic functions.•Their ever-increasing degradation threats and management challenges are evaluated.•Policies and approaches are presented to form a collaborative conservation framework.•It is a first synthetic analysis of ponds' ecological roles in developing countries.
Removals of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Acid red 1 using the organic modification of bentonite from aqueous phase were optimized. The organobentonite was synthesized by replacing exchangeable Na+ ions in ...Na-bentonite (Na-Bt) with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and systematically explored for its adsorption behavior as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of dyes. Batch adsorption studies manifested that the maximum adsorption capacity of dyes were found to be 173.5 mg/g and 157.4 mg/g for RhB and Acid red 1 at the initial concentration of 300 mg/L at 30 °C and pH 9 and 8, respectively. The investigations of adsorption isotherm and kinetics model showed that the adsorption isotherm data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption kinetic was better by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Besides, the thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the properties of the obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and zeta potential analysis. The results of the characterization provided evidence of the morphological properties and how well the adsorption process performed.
图 Schematic diagram of organic modified bentonite and adsorption dyes. Display omitted
•Adsorption ability of different types of dyes onto CTAB-bentonite was investigated.•The relationship of structures and adsorption properties of adsorbent was explored.•The influence of different factors on the properties of the adsorbent was revealed.
Curcumin is a natural compound of Curcuma longa L. and has shown many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant in both preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, curcumin ...has hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activities and protects against myocardial infarction. Particularly, curcumin has also demonstrated favorite anticancer efficacy. But limiting factors such as its extremely low oral bioavailability hampers its application as therapeutic agent. Therefore, many technologies have been developed and applied to overcome this limitation. This review described the main physicochemical properties of curcumin and summarized the recent studies in the design and development of oral delivery systems for curcumin to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability, including liposomes, nanoparticles and polymeric micelles, phospholipid complexes, and microemulsions.
The controlled synthesis of MoTe2 and WTe2 is crucial for their fundamental research and potential electronic applications. Here, a simplified ambient‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) ...strategy is developed to synthesize high‐quality and large‐scale monolayer and few‐layer 1T′‐phase MoTe2 (length ≈ 1 mm) and WTe2 (length ≈ 350 µm) crystals by using ordinary salts (KCl or NaCl) as the growth promoter combining with low‐cost (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O and hydrate (NH4)10W12O41·xH2O as the Mo and W sources, respectively. Atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy confirm the high‐quality nature and the atomic structure of the as‐grown 1T′ MoTe2 and WTe2 flakes. Variable‐temperature transport measurements exhibit their semimetal properties. Furthermore, near‐field nanooptical imaging studies are performed on the 1T′ MoTe2 and WTe2 flakes for the first time. The sub‐wavelength effects of 1T′‐phase MoTe2 (λp ≈ 140 nm) and WTe2 (λp ≈ 100 nm) are obtained. This approach paves the way for the growth of special transition‐metal dichalcogenides materials and boosts the future polaritonic research of 2D telluride compounds.
High‐quality and millimeter‐scale two‐dimensional (2D) 1T′‐phase MoTe2 and WTe2 crystals are synthesized through a simplified chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy by using green and ordinary salt as a promoter. Near‐field nanooptical studies are performed on the as‐grown 1T′ transition‐metal tellurides for the first time. The sub‐wavelength effects of 1T′‐phase MoTe2 (λp ≈ 140 nm) and WTe2 (λp ≈ 100 nm) are obtained.
Nitrogen fixation remains a challenge from both academic and industrial perspectives. Photocatalysis based on versatile semiconductors is a promising route for nitrogen fixation under mild ...conditions. In this study, for the first time, a ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) strategy was developed for scalable synthesis of g-C 3 N 4 /metal oxide composites. A series of g-C 3 N 4 /metal oxide composites were prepared by a facile one-step calcination process using a ternary DES containing urea, melamine and metal chlorides. Moreover, since a DES is a homogeneous solution, the metal oxide after pyrolysis can be uniformly supported on the g-C 3 N 4 nanosheet. This greatly increases the number of sites for photocatalysis and increases the catalytic efficiency. These composites show extraordinary photocatalytic effects for the reduction of nitrogen in atmospheric environment. With g-C 3 N 4 /40 wt% Fe 2 O 3 as the photocatalyst, the maximum efficiency for ammonia generation can reach 4380 μmol L −1 h −1 , which is the best yield to the best of our knowledge. The highly photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the efficient interfacial interaction between the 2D g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets and α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles, which promotes the transfer and separation efficiency of charge carriers.
High entropy materials involving the incorporation of five or more metal species into single-phase crystal structures have received extensive attention in many reactions. These materials achieve ...tailored and unexpected properties due to the interactions among the various metal species. Here, we report the synthesis of a high entropy metal-organic framework (HE-MOF) with five near-equimolar components by a solution phase method under ambient temperature. When serving as an electrocatalyst, the obtained HE-MOF demonstrates high electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline system. This strategy represents a general method to expand the library of high entropy materials and promoters for efficient electrochemical water splitting.
A high entropy metal-organic framework (HE-MOF) with five near-equimolar components was synthesized by a solution phase method and served as an electrochemical oxygen evolution catalyst.
The on-chip perfect meta-absorber (PMA) is an important optical and thermal energy component in photovoltaics, thermal emitters, and energy harvesting applications. However, most reported PMAs rely ...on the complicated lithography techniques, which imposed a serious cost barrier on the development of practical applications, especially in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range and at very large scales. Importantly, it is hard to realize PMA in the UV wavelength range by using current lithography techniques. In this article, we develop an ultra-broadband PMA by using natural lithography (NL) technique. The morphology of proposed PMA is randomly distributed pod-like nanostructures composed of a nanocomposite (Au/SiO
) covered a gold layer. It can be formed easily on Si substrate to function as an ultra-broadband, omnidirectional, and polarization-independent PMA by controlling the conditions of sputtering deposition and thermal annealing treatment. We experimentally realized an on-chip ultra-broadband PMA with almost 100% absorption spanned from UV-visible to NIR wavelength ranges. This cost-effective and high-efficiency approach would release the manufacturing barrier for previously reported PMAs and therefore open an avenue to the development of effectively energy harvesting, energy recycling, and heat liberation applications.
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