This meta-analysis aims to compare corneal injuries and function after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS). A comprehensive ...literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) and high-quality prospective comparative cohort studies comparing FLACS with CPS. Endothelial cell loss percentage (ECL%), central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), endothelial cell loss (ECL), percentage of the hexagonal cell (6A), and coefficient of variance (CoV) were used as an indicator of corneal injury and function. Totally 42 trials (23 RCTs and 19 prospective cohort studies), including 3916 eyes, underwent FLACS, and a total of 3736 eyes underwent CPS. ECL% is significantly lower in the FLACS group at 1-3 days (P = 0.005), 1 week (P = 0.004), 1 month (P<0.0001), 3 months (P = 0.001), and 6 months (P = 0.004) after surgery compared to CPS. ECD and ECL appeared no statistically significant difference between the two groups, except for the significant reduction of ECD at 3 months in the CPS group (P = 0.002). CCT was significantly lower in the FLACS group at 1 week (P = 0.05) and 1 month (P = 0.002) early postoperatively. While at 1-3 days (P = 0.50), 3 months (P = 0.18), and 6 months (P = 0.11), there was no difference between the FLACS group and the CPS group. No significant difference was found in the percentage of hexagonal cells and the coefficient of variance. FLACS, compared with CPS, reduces corneal injury in the early postoperative period. Corneal edema recovered faster in the FLACS group in the early postoperative period. In addition, FLACS may be a better option for patients with corneal dysfunction.
A macroscopic monolithic ZnSnO3/reduced graphene oxide aerogel (ZGA) composite was prepared and showed excellent adsorption and visible-light photocatalytic degradation activity for ciprofloxacin ...(CIP) wastewater. Especially, when the mass ratio of ZnSn(OH)6 to graphene oxide (GO) is 1:2 (ZGA-4), the removal efficiency of CIP is almost reach 100%. The enhanced photoactivity of ZGA can be attributed to the optimized interfacial and electronic band structure reducing the recombination of photogenerated e−-h+ pairs to produce more ·O2− and ·OH active species, which were confirmed by series of characterization techniques combine with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, ZGA also exhibits satisfactory photostability, 98% CIP and the biological toxicity of CIP to Escherichia coli DH5a have been basically eliminated after four-cycle photocatalytic degradation.
•Visible-light response macroscopic monolithic ZnSnO3/graphene aerogel was prepared.•ZGA exhibits excellent photocatalytic and recycle stability for CIP degradation.•Interfacial bonding regulated the electronic band structure of the ZGA composite.•Experimental data combine with DFT calculation confirmed the conjecture.•The biological toxicity of CIP to Escherichia coli DH5a has been eliminated.
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are validated drug targets for cancer treatment. Increased HDAC isozyme selectivity and novel strategies to inhibit HDAC activity could lead to safer and more effective ...drug candidates. Nonetheless, it is quite challenging to develop isozyme-specific HDACi due to the highly conserved catalytic domain. We discovered XZ9002, a first-in-class HDAC3-specific PROTAC that potently degraded HDAC3. Importantly, XZ9002 is more effective to inhibit cancer cell proliferation than its proteolysis-inactive counterpart, suggesting HDAC3 degradation is a novel and promising anticancer approach.
Potent and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-specific PROTAC XZ9002 is reported here.
Understanding the transport mechanism is crucial for developing inhibitors that block allergen absorption and transport and prevent allergic reactions. However, the process of how beta-conglycinin, ...the primary allergen in soybeans, crosses the intestinal mucosal barrier remains unclear. The present study indicated that the transport of beta-conglycinin hydrolysates by IPEC-J2 monolayers occurred in a time- and quantity-dependent manner. The beta-conglycinin hydrolysates were absorbed into the cytoplasm of IPEC-J2 monolayers, while none were detected in the intercellular spaces. Furthermore, inhibitors such as methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) significantly suppressed the absorption and transport of beta-conglycinin hydrolysates. Of particular interest, sodium cromoglycate (SCG) exhibited a quantity-dependent nonlinear suppression model on the absorption and transport of beta-conglycinin hydrolysates. In conclusion, beta-conglycinin crossed the IPEC-J2 monolayers through a transcellular pathway, involving both clathrin-mediated and caveolae-dependent endocytosis mechanisms. SCG suppressed the absorption and transport of beta-conglycinin hydrolysates by the IPEC-J2 monolayers by a quantity-dependent nonlinear model via clathrin-mediated and caveolae-dependent endocytosis. These findings provide promising targets for both the prevention and treatment of soybean allergies.
Aim: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an organ-specific autoimmune bullous disease characterized by autoantibodies that target the cellular adhesion molecules BP180 and BP230. Both immunoglobulin (Ig)G and ...IgE are involved in the induction of subepidermal blisters. Specifically, IgE autoantibodies are presumed to be responsible for the pruritic and erythematous features of BP. Histologically, eosinophil infiltration is a prominent feature in BP. Eosinophils and IgE are mostly associated with the Th2 immune response. Th2 cytokines, particularly interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, are presumed to contribute to the pathology of BP. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of IL-4/13 in the pathogenesis of BP and the potential of using IL-4/13 antagonists for treatment.Methods: After searching in PubMed and Web of Science databases using 'bullous pemphigoid', 'interleukin-4/13', and 'dupilumab' as keywords, studies related was compiled and examined.Results: Overall, IgE, eosinophils, IL-4, and IL-13 may interact with each other in the pathogenesis of BP; these potential interactions provide clues concerning targets for molecular treatment.Conclusion: Anti-IL-4/13 treatment has been experimentally used in patients with BP, with satisfactory outcomes and few side effects. However, before this novel therapy can be approved for regular usage, further studies are needed concerning the long-term safety and systemic usage of IL-4/13 monoclonal antibody treatment in BP.
KEY MESSAGES
BP is an autoimmune skin disease with Th2-mediated autoimmune response involvement.
As typical Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13 may contribute to the pathogenesis of BP in multiple ways, such as promoting Th2 cell polarization, driving the immunoglobulin class switching, recruiting eosinophils and basophils, and inducing pruritus.
As a promising therapeutic approach for BP, IL-4/13 antagonists have shown satisfactory outcomes in preliminary clinical studies.
Regardless of bacteria or eukaryotic microorganism hosts, improving their ability to express heterologous proteins is always a goal worthy of elaborate study. In addition to traditional methods ...including intracellular synthesis process regulation and extracellular environment optimization, some special or extreme conditions can also be employed to create an enhancing effect on heterologous protein production. In this review, we summarize some extreme environmental factors used for the improvement of heterologous protein expression, including low temperature, hypoxia, microgravity and high osmolality. The applications of these strategies are elaborated with examples of well-documented studies. We also demonstrated the confirmed or hypothetical mechanisms of environment stress affecting the host behaviors. In addition, multi-omics techniques driving the stress-responsive research for construction of efficient microbial cell factories are also prospected at the end.
Wearable thermoelectric devices show promise to generate electricity in a ubiquitous, unintermittent and noiseless way for on-body applications. Three-dimensional thermoelectric textiles (TETs) ...outperform other types in smart textiles owing to their out-of-plane thermoelectric generation and good structural conformability with fabrics. Yet, there has been a lack of efficient strategies in scalable manufacture of TETs for sustainably powering electronics. Here, we fabricate organic spacer fabric shaped TETs by sewing carbon nanotube yarn based segmented thermoelectric textiles on a large scale. Combining finite element analysis with experimental evaluation, we elucidate that the fabric structure significantly influences the power generation. The optimally designed TET with good wearability and stability shows a high output power density of 51.5 mW m
−2
and a high specific power of 171.7 μW (g K)
−1
at Δ
T
= 47.5 K. The promising on-body application of the TET in directly and continuously powering electronics for healthcare and environmental monitoring is fully demonstrated. This work will broaden the research vision and provide new routines for developing high-performance and large-scale TETs toward practical applications.
We explore the fabric structural effect of thermoelectric textiles on power generation and achieve high power density for practical applications.
Genomes encode for genes and non-coding DNA, both capable of transcriptional activity. However, unlike canonical genes, many transcripts from non-coding DNA have limited evidence of conservation or ...function. Here, to determine how much biological noise is expected from non-genic sequences, we quantify the regulatory activity of evolutionarily naive DNA using RNA-seq in yeast and computational predictions in humans. In yeast, more than 99% of naive DNA bases were transcribed. Unlike the evolved transcriptome, naive transcripts frequently overlapped with opposite sense transcripts, suggesting selection favored coherent gene structures in the yeast genome. In humans, regulation-associated chromatin activity is predicted to be common in naive dinucleotide-content-matched randomized DNA. Here, naive and evolved DNA have similar co-occurrence and cell-type specificity of chromatin marks, challenging these as indicators of selection. However, in both yeast and humans, extreme high activities were rare in naive DNA, suggesting they result from selection. Overall, basal regulatory activity seems to be the default, which selection can hone to evolve a function or, if detrimental, repress.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) allow elaborate manufacture of ordered one‐dimensional channels in the crystal. We defined a superlattice of COFs by engineering channels with a persistent ...triangular shape and discrete pore size. We observed a size‐recognition regime that is different from the characteristic adsorption of COFs, whereby pore windows and walls were cooperative so that triangular apertures sorted molecules of one‐atom difference and notch nanogrooves confined them into single‐file molecular chains. The recognition and confinement were accurately described by sensitive spectroscopy and femtosecond dynamic simulations. The resulting COFs enabled instantaneous separation of mixtures at ambient temperature and pressure. This study offers an approach to merge precise recognition, selective transport, and instant separation in synthetic 1D channels.
The right channel: Open 1D channels were able to recognize differences in molecular size when the pores were designed with a triangular shape and discrete size in covalent organic frameworks. This finding introduces the possibility of using 1D channels for selective transport and instant molecular separation with infinite selectivity (see picture).
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