To investigate the effect and mechanism of microRNA‐92b‐3p (miR‐92b‐3p) targeting Homeobox D10 (HOXD10) on proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer, we detected the expression of ...miR‐92b‐3p and HOXD10 in SGC‐7901 cells. The effects of miR‐92b‐3p or HOXD10 on proliferation, migration, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2/9 expression in SGC‐7901 cells were measured by the Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, Transwell assay, and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that miR‐92b‐3p expression was increased, and HOXD10 expression was decreased in SGC‐7901 cells, compared with human normal gastric epithelial cells GES‐1. Functional experiments demonstrated that cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and expression of MMP‐2/9 in SGC‐7901 cells were significantly inhibited by miR‐92b‐3p silencing and HOXD10 overexpression. Moreover, HOXD10 was a potential target gene of miR‐92b‐3p as evidenced by the TargetScan software and double luciferase reporter assay. In the rescue experiment, knockdown of HOXD10, accompanied by higher expression of MMP‐2/9, could significantly eliminate the inhibitory effects of miR‐92b‐3p silencing on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, miR‐92b‐3p is highly expressed in gastric cancer SGC‐7901 cells, and interfering with its expression might inhibit SGC‐7901 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via downregulating MMP‐2/9 expression and targeting HOXD10.
Aiming to realize series-fed antenna array with good return loss, low sidelobe level (SLL), and small gain variation over a wide bandwidth, this article presents a unified synthesis method of ...designing series-fed networks (SFNs) under the equal/unequal distributions with the bandwidth enhancement. We find that the return loss and current distribution bandwidths of SFN are dominated by its input reactance slope. The ratio of SFN main line impedance Z0 and antenna impedance ZL plays an important role in it. When the optimal Z0/ZL makes the input reactance slope equal to zero at the center frequency, the bandwidth of SFN can be highly extended by 2-4 times compared with nonoptimal solutions. In this context, four classical types of SFNs are investigated and synthesized. The closed-form optimal formulas for these SFNs are further deduced under the specified element number N and current distributions I1, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{I}_{2}, \ldots </tex-math></inline-formula>, and IN. For experimental verification, an eight-element series-fed antenna array driven by the SFN with Dolph-Chebyshev current distribution is designed and fabricated based on the proposed design method. By virtue of the improved SFN, the designed series-fed array exhibits enhanced impedance and radiation bandwidths as predicted. The measured results show designed array achieves an impedance bandwidth of 52.2% (3.34-5.70 GHz) with S11 ≤ −10 dB and the radiation bandwidth with SLL ≤ −20 dB is 20.9% (3.85-4.75 GHz). The measured antenna gain is 11.3 dBi with a small variation of 1.3 dB and the efficiency of array is better than 82% over the operational bandwidth of 18.7% (3.88-4.68 GHz).
Palm kernel shell (PKS), representing an abundantly available oil palm waste in Malaysia, was transformed into activated carbon by microwave vacuum pyrolysis. PKS was first carbonized to produce ...biochar, followed by an activation process with chemical or water to produce chemically and physically activated carbon, respectively. The activated carbon materials were characterized for their porous characteristics and elemental and proximate composition to examine their suitability as catalyst support. Catalysts were synthesized by supporting nickel on the activated carbon materials and tested for their performance in the methane dry reforming reaction. Microwave vacuum pyrolysis of PKS-derived char resulted in up to 89 wt% yield of activated carbon. The activated carbon was detected to have high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area associated with a highly porous surface, characteristics of high adsorption capacity corresponding to many sites for adsorption of metal atoms with great potential for use as catalyst support material. Nickel atoms were detected on the surface of the activated carbon catalyst support, indicating successful synthesis of nickel-supported catalyst. The catalysts showed high methane conversion (up to 43 %), producing approximately 22 % gaseous products (CO + H
2
). These results show that activated carbon produced from microwave pyrolysis of palm kernel shell is a promising catalyst support material. Chemically activated carbon performed better as catalyst support compared with physically activated carbon in terms of CH
4
and CO
2
conversions.
Graphical Abstract
A new design of dual-band series-fed array (SFA) using coupled line sections with one series-fed network (SFN) and one port is proposed in this article. Compared with conventional array, the proposed ...design provides one more degree of freedom in antenna array synthesis. It can realize equal beam angles at two operational frequencies and reduce element spacing to eliminate the grating lobe by virtue of non-linear phase properties. The parameters have been extensively studied and considered in the analytical analysis. An assessment method of achievable beam angles for dual-band SFAs is proposed and conducted in the entire upper hemisphere. Compared with the conventional array, the proposed dual-band SFA can expand the achievable radiation range with regard to the θ d1 and θ d2 . Its limitations are also analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, in order to realize specified sidelobe level (SLL) at two operational frequencies, the closed-form design formulas are deduced for the proposed dual-band SFA with arbitrary N elements and amplitude distributions. To verify the proposed design concept and synthesis method, a prototype of proposed six-element dual-band SFA with specified θ d1 = 90°, θ d2 = 110° and SLL = -20 dB centered at the f 1 = 2.1 GHz and f 2 = 3.5 GHz is designed, fabricated and tested. The simulated and measured results match well with the theoretical predictions.
Microwave vacuum pyrolysis was examined and compared to conventional pyrolysis for its technical and economic feasibility in co-processing of waste plastic and used cooking oil simultaneously to ...generate fuel product. The pyrolysis demonstrated beneficial process features with respect to high heating rate (29 °C/min) to provide fast heating, high process temperature for extensive cracking (581 °C), short process time (20 min), and low electrical energy consumption (0.38 kWh). The combined use of microwave vacuum pyrolysis and activated carbon reaction bed produced up to 84 wt% yield of liquid oil, containing light hydrocarbons and higher heating value (49 MJ/kg) than diesel and gasoline, hence showing great promise for application as fuel. The use of activated carbon reaction bed showed beneficial effect in creating a reduction environment that prevented the oxidation or formation of oxygenated by-products. A positive synergistic effect between waste plastic and used cooking oil was also observed. The liquid oil obtained from this pyrolysis approach presented a low oxygen and nitrogen content, and free of sulphur, showing ‘cleaner’ properties with respect to reduced char residues, sludge formation, corrosiveness, degradation of oil quality, and emission of undesired SOx and NOx during its utilization in combustion process. The techno-economic analysis indicated that this pyrolysis approach showed low production cost (USD 0.25/L compared to USD 0.523/L of diesel price in Malaysia). Our results demonstrate that microwave vacuum pyrolysis is potentially economically feasible and show promise as a sustainable approach for energy conversion in providing improved process features and production of cleaner liquid fuel.
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•Microwave vacuum pyrolysis treats waste plastic and used cooking oil simultaneouly.•It combines microwave heating, activated carbon reaction bed and vacuum condition.•It shows high heating rate, temperature, low process time and electric consumption.•84 wt% yield of liquid oil with diesel-range hydrocarbons and high energy content.•Cleaner liquid composition (sulphur free, low oxygen and nitrogen) is observed.
Ferroptotic cell death is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that is initiated by ferrous iron and H
O
via Fenton reaction, in which the role of activating transcription factor 3 ...(ATF3) remains elusive. Brucine is a weak alkaline indole alkaloid extracted from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica, which has shown potent antitumor activity against various tumors, including glioma. In this study, we showed that brucine inhibited glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo, which was paralleled by nuclear translocation of ATF3, lipid peroxidation, and increases of iron and H
O
. Furthermore, brucine-induced lipid peroxidation was inhibited or exacerbated when intracellular iron was chelated by deferoxamine (500 μM) or improved by ferric ammonium citrate (500 μM). Suppression of lipid peroxidation with lipophilic antioxidants ferrostatin-1 (50 μM) or liproxstatin-1 (30 μM) rescued brucine-induced glioma cell death. Moreover, knockdown of ATF3 prevented brucine-induced accumulation of iron and H
O
and glioma cell death. We revealed that brucine induced ATF3 upregulation and translocation into nuclei via activation of ER stress. ATF3 promoted brucine-induced H
O
accumulation via upregulating NOX4 and SOD1 to generate H
O
on one hand, and downregulating catalase and xCT to prevent H
O
degradation on the other hand. H
O
then contributed to brucine-triggered iron increase and transferrin receptor upregulation, as well as lipid peroxidation. This was further verified by treating glioma cells with exogenous H
O
alone. Moreover, H
O
reversely exacerbated brucine-induced ER stress. Taken together, ATF3 contributes to brucine-induced glioma cell ferroptosis via increasing H
O
and iron.
In current paper, thermodynamics study of palm oil mill effluent (POME) steam reforming was performed to investigate its feasibility for syngas production. By using the minimization of total Gibbs ...free energy method, the thermodynamic simulation is executed to study the effect of reaction temperature (573–1173 K) on product yield (Yi) and syngas ratio (H2:CO). Based on preliminary analysis, the POME liquor composed of 99.73% water and 0.27% organic contents by mole. Complete conversion of POME's organic contents is accomplished regardless of reforming temperature. However, the equilibrium constant reveals that not every organic constituent in POME are reformed into syngas via steam reforming at ≤673 K, so their disappearance hints at the occurrence of thermal decomposition. The steam reforming of all organic contents in POME is only viable at ≥773 K. From POME steam reforming at 573–1173 K, H2-rich syngas (H2:CO ratio = 25–3457) is produced. For syngas production, the optimum temperature is 1073 K because it gives highest Ysyngas (58348 μmol syngas/mol POME) with a Qrequired of 12.05 kJ/mol POME. In a nutshell, the POME steam reforming is an alluring process that viable for syngas production as it potentially mitigates the environmental issue inflicted by palm oil processing.
•Thermodynamics analysis of POME steam reforming was completed for 573–1173 K.•Complete conversion of POME's organic contents regardless of reforming temperature.•Amelioration of all POME's organic contents into syngas viable at ≥773 K.•H2-rich syngas is generated from POME steam reforming.•Maximum Ysyngas (58348 μmol syngas/mol POME) accomplished at 1073 K.
In this letter, a new compact filtering power divider (FPD) on the square substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with wideband isolation is proposed. As the isolation network is embedded in a square ...SIW cavity, good in-band isolation, compact structure, and low insertion loss can be simultaneously attained. The proposed FPD consists of the coplanar waveguide feeding line of Port 1, the capacitor, a resistor, and the square SIW cavity. TE 101 , TE 201 , and slot-line modes can realize third-order filtering response. Center frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">f_{0} </tex-math></inline-formula>) and bandwidth of the filtering response can be independently adjusted. In order to achieve out-of-band isolation, Port 2/3 is placed in the specific position to suppress the high-order modes according to the electric-field distributions of these modes. Finally, a prototype with in-band return loss of 20 dB across 5.59-6.4 GHz is designed at 5.99 GHz. The bandwidths of isolation higher than 21 dB and upper stopband attenuation higher than 20 dB are extended to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2.79f_{0} </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2.83f_{0} </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively.
In this article, a three‐dimensional polarisation‐rotation surface (PRS) with reflective filtering response based on two orthogonally inserted coupled slot‐line is investigated, which can reflect a ...vertically/horizontally polarised incident wave by 90°. Each unit cell of the PRS is composed of a pair of meandered slot‐line sections with open‐short‐ends etched on the vertically and horizontally inserted single‐layer printed circuit boards. Under the incidence of a linearly polarised plane wave along the vertical/horizontal direction, the plane wave is converted into the guided wave by the open‐circuited end of the slot‐line section, and then the guided wave is obstructed by the short end of the slot‐line section and coupled to the other slot‐line section, thus leading to 90° polarisation rotation. To simplify the design procedure, a matrix coupling theory is applied to synthesise and design the proposed PRS. A sample with fractional bandwidth of 20% at the centre frequency of 5 GHz and return loss of 20 dB is designed, fabricated, and measured for verification. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The results confirm that the proposed PRS has low insertion loss, high polarisation conversion ratio, and stable filtering performance for oblique incident angle up to 60°.
A three‐dimensional polarisation‐rotation surface (PRS) with reflective filtering response based on two orthogonally inserted coupled slot‐line is investigated, which can reflect a vertically/horizontally polarised incident wave by 90°.
In this article, a new class of wideband phase shifters with very compact size, large phase shift value, low insertion loss (IL), and low cost are presented and developed. The proposed phase shifter ...consists of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula> series and shunt resonators, which can achieve the magnitude and phase shift bandwidth of more than 120% thanks to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula> transmission poles. Besides the wideband property, the proposed phase shifter is able to achieve a small size of nearly 1/10 guided wavelength (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\lambda _{g} </tex-math></inline-formula>), which has a size reduction of more than 90% as compared with conventional wideband phase shifters on printed circuit board (PCB). Meanwhile, insertion phases for the both series and shunt resonators are zero at their resonant frequencies; thus, the length of reference line can be also greatly reduced. What is more, a detailed synthesis method with closed-form equations is presented and employed to determine all circuit parameters of the proposed phase shifter with the specified in-band return loss (RL), phase shift value <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\Delta \Phi </tex-math></inline-formula>, and resonator number <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula>. To validate the design concept, three design examples of 90° and 180° phase shifters on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N = 3 </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N = 5 </tex-math></inline-formula> are synthesized and tested. Theoretical, simulated, and measured results are in a fairly close agreement. In particular, the proposed phase shifters feature very low IL. The measured maximum in-band IL is only 0.38 dB for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N = 3 </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\Delta \Phi = 90^{\circ } </tex-math></inline-formula>) and 0.50 dB for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N = 5 </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\Delta \Phi = 180^{\circ } </tex-math></inline-formula>).
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