Recent studies reveal that driving without sufficient sleep would increase the risk of road traffic accident. With the aim to facilitate a safer driving experience, eye activity detection algorithm ...were studied actively. Though the use of wired multi-channel brain computer interface (BCI) to monitor driver's mental state has shown promising results, but the actual practicality were limited by its inconvenience. Consequently, we examined the effectiveness of a wireless and wearable single-channel BCI in detecting driver's eye-states. Using the NeuroSky MindWave headset that entailed a single-electrode for prefrontal cortex, we observed an increment of low alpha activity during the transition from eyes-open to eyes-closed state. A monitoring system to keep drivers awake by means of alarm notifications is then implemented using adaptive percentage threshold algorithm for alarm-triggering purpose. Through simulation, our algorithm has demonstrated an EEG eye-states recognition system with: adequate detection rate of 31% per second, negligible false alarm rate of 0.5%, and minimum latency of 2 seconds.
Background
Little is known on the level of physical inactivity and its behavioral and cultural correlates among East Asian college students.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to examine and compare ...the level and behavioral and cultural correlates of physical inactivity among college students in Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Malaysia.
Method
Data were collected from a representative sample of college students (
N
= 12,137) in five East Asian economies during the 2008–2009 academic year. The stratified random sampling (stratum: geographic region) was used to select participating institutions. The overall response rate was 77%.
Results
The percentage of physically inactive students was 7.2% for Singapore, 8.0% for Malaysia, 13.5% for Taiwan, 16.8% for Hong Kong, and 28.5% for South Korea. When gender, age, and body mass index were controlled, fruit and vegetable consumptions were significant correlates for physical inactivity across all the five economies. In Hong Kong, Korea, and Taiwan, those who engaged in binge drinking at least once during the past 2 weeks were less likely to be physically inactive than those who did not. Religion and military experience did not independently predict physical inactivity in any of the five economies.
Conclusion
Physical inactivity varies greatly across different economies in East Asia that are usually grouped together and considered a single homogeneous entity by some researchers. However, in terms of correlates of physical inactivity, findings of the current study indicate that the transversal value of physical activity might be transformed into a universal.
The SCAN lung cancer workgroup aimed to develop Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) clinical practice guidelines for the use of systemic therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in ...Singapore.
The workgroup utilised a modified ADAPTE process to calibrate high quality international evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to our local setting.
Five international guidelines were evaluated- those developed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014), the European Society of Medical Oncology (2014), the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (2012), the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (2014) and Cancer Care Council Australia (2012). Recommendations on systemic treatment for advanced NSCLC were produced.
These adapted guidelines form the SCAN guidelines 2015 for systemic therapy of advanced or metastatic NSCLC.
The SCAN lung cancer workgroup aimed to develop Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) clinical practice guidelines for the use of adjuvant systemic therapy for non-small cell lung cancer in Singapore.
The ...workgroup utilised a modified ADAPTE process to calibrate high quality international evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to our local setting.
Five international guidelines were evaluated- those developed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014), European Society of Medical Oncology (2014), National Institute of Clinical Excellence (2012), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (2014), and the Cancer Care Council Australia (2012). Recommendations on the selection of patients, chemotherapy regimen, treatment for stage I disease, treatment for positive margins and treatment options for pN2 disease with negative margins were produced.
These adapted guidelines form the SCAN Guidelines 2015 for adjuvant systemic therapy of non-small cell lung cancer.
The young generation's low concern for the environment and rampant anti-social behavior were reasons for implementing character education, especially in Adiwiyata schools. Strengthening character ...education in schools was very important. This study aimed to analyze the strengthening of character education at Adiwiyata schools, especially at Keturen 01 State Elementary School Tegal. The research method was qualitative, a type of case study. The subjects were students of class 4 Keturen 01 State Elementary School Tegal. Researchers collected data through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation; he tested the validity of the data using technique and source triangulation. Data analysis included collecting data, sorting data, categorizing the data, and concluding. Based on research results, strengthening character education at Adiwiyata schools was developed based on the environment. Character education was carried out by implementing the dimensions of the Pancasila student profile. Teachers became facilitators in character education in schools, while students were trained and accustomed to thinking and behaving following Pancasila values and caring for the environment. These activities were carried out through learning activities and habituation activities at school. Based on this, the conclusion was that strengthening character education in schools had been going well. Students and teachers could overcome the obstacles.
Objective:
To identify levels of moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) in a representative sample of college students in six East Asian economies ...and examine their relationship with weight, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking.
Design:
Cross-sectional survey.
Setting:
College students recruited from 21 different colleges in six East Asian economies.
Method:
Self-reported physical activity, weight, height, alcohol consumption, and smoking were assessed using already-validated instruments. Multiple logistic regression models of MPA and VPA were separately performed for each economy, controlling for age, gender, living area before college, military experience, paid employment, and religion. All the analyses were performed using SAS 9.2 with clustering effects accounted for.
Results:
Being a heavy drinker increased the odds of engaging in VPA in five economies (adjusted odds ratio AOR = 1.56 to 2.65). Cigarette smoking was not associated with MPA in any economy and was only associated with VPA in China (AOR = 1.54) and Taiwan (AOR = 1.48), indicating that smokers are more likely to engage in VPA than non-smokers.
Conclusions:
The relationship between college students’ VPA and alcohol consumption and between MPA and cigarette smoking is similar across the East Asian economies, whereas the relationship between VPA and smoking varies substantially.
Effects of different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) on viability, relative water content, total chlorophyll content, total soluble protein and antioxidant enzymes activities of ...protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Aranda Broga Blue Bell orchid hybrid were determined. Different concentrations of in vitro drought-inducing chemical, PEG 400 at 0, 5, 10, and 15% (v/v) were used in this study. From the results obtained, lower concentration of PEG 400 at 5% produce minimum impact on the relative water content and morphological changes of treated PLBs. Percentage of viable PLBs at 5% PEG 400 treatment showed no significant difference with the control PLBs. However, significant reduction in total chlorophyll content and total soluble protein content of PLBs verified that supplementation of PEG 400 into Vacin and Went medium caused severe interruptions on various biochemical processes. Excessive production of free radical molecules increased the total activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Specific localization, affinity and role of these enzymes resulted in different patterns of their overall activity. These findings suggested that the PLBs of Aranda Broga Blue Bell were drought tolerant orchid explants at low intensity of in vitro drought stress condition.
Oncidium orchid has high demand and economic value especially in floriculture industry. This study aimed to optimize a suitable medium for rapid proliferation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of ...Oncidium Golden Anniversary orchid. Results from this study confirmed that ½ MS semi-solid medium displayed the highest growth index and total numbers of PLBs. Inclusion of 20g/L sucrose and 1mg/L BAP produced the highest PLB proliferation rate, while adding charcoal gave no significant effect. Half-moon PLB size contributes to the highest growth rate on using a thin cell layer (TCL) system. Hence, the best medium for Oncidium Golden Anniversary PLB proliferation was ½ MS semi-solid media supplemented with 20 g/L sucrose and 1 mg/L BAP.
Recent rapid progress in information and communication technologies has spurred the exponential surge in the demand for unlimited high-speed and ubiquitous broadband wireless access (BWA), resulting ...in severe congestion of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum and wireless traffic bottleneck. Visible-light communications (VLC) is poised to become a promising BWA candidate to resolve the existing "last mile" problems. In this paper, we propose and initiate the implementation of a low-cost portable VLC transceiver capable of indoor wireless communication and multimedia broadcasting, thus presenting an economical and cable-free solution to various multimedia applications. The proposed optical transceiver design is based upon the integration of the transmitter and receiver hardware and an interactive software module, and relies upon a microcontroller which forms the system hub to manage the data and process flows among the different block components. The interactive software module consists of a graphical user interface (GUI) and a data processing algorithm, in order to control file transmission and reception in various format and to enable realtime interaction and viewing of multimedia applications.
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