Recently, machine type communications (MTC) has attracted attention to support massive connectivity for devices within a cellular system. Most existing schemes for MTC are based on a handshaking ...procedure that may cause a high access delay although the size of data packets is small. Thus, we can consider a one-shot or grant-free system of low signaling overhead for MTC. In the one-shot system, data and control signals can be transmitted without handshaking, and compressive sensing based multiuser detection (CS-MUD) is used at a receiver in order to recover multiple signals that are simultaneously transmitted from (unknown) devices. In this paper, we study the throughput and delay of a one-shot system as well as a handshaking system. We derive closed-form expressions for the throughput and delay when fast retrial is used for the retransmissions of collided packets (which can effectively shorten the access delay) under a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment. From the analysis and simulation results, we can see that the one-shot system performs better than the handshaking system for devices of short packets.
The synthesis and characterization of new push-pull chromophores, bisDMFA-diTh-CA, bisDMFA-diTh-MMN, and bisDMFA-diTh-MIMN from 5prime or minute-(4-(bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)aniline (bisDMFA) ...electron donating, dithiophene bridging, and various electron withdrawing moieties, cyanoacrylic acid (CA), methylene malononitrile (MMN), and methylene indenylidene malononitrile (MIMN), were demonstrated for efficient solution processed BHJ solar cells. The photophysical properties, the hole mobilities from the space charge limitation of current (SCLC) J-V characteristics, and surface morphologies of these materials/PCBM bulk-heterojunction films were also investigated. The best power conversion efficiency of 3.66% (+/-0.12) with Jsc = 11.82 mA/cm2, FF = 0.35, and Voc = 0.90 V was observed in the BHJ film fabricated with the bisDMFA-diTh-MMN/C71-PCBM composite with 3% 1-chloronaphthalene (CN), which is an efficiency similar82% and similar49% higher than before and after post-annealing without treatment of CN, respectively.
In this paper, eye-diagrams of High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM) interposer channel with crosstalk reduction schemes on 2.5D / 3D IC are estimated and analyzed. As data rate increases and metal-to-metal ...space decreases to achieve higher system bandwidth, crosstalk effects degrade the signal integrity. Therefore, estimation and reduction of the crosstalk effects are essential on HBM interposer channel. In order to estimate crosstalk effects in short time with high accuracy, PDA-based estimation method is proposed. In addition to the proposed method, wide space and guard trace with ground vias structures are suggested and compared based on the estimated eye-diagrams. With the estimated eye-diagrams, voltage fluctuation on DC levels due to the crosstalk effects can be analyzed. Worst and statistical eye-diagrams of interposer channels including crosstalk effects are estimated. Since the proposed method needs only output and crosstalk response of the channel, the proposed method can be applied to multiple wide I/O channels.
Concentrated solar power utilizes a field of mirrors to redirect solar rays onto a central receiver to generate thermal energy through heat transfer media and a Rankine steam cycle. To effectively ...transfer heat to the heat transfer material, the receiver has to efficiently convert/absorb the incoming solar flux without losing energy to radiation. Receivers are coated with a solar absorber coating evaluated with a figure of merit which weighs the energy absorbed by the sample against the total incident energy. The structure of the painted coating plays a large part in the long-term stability and optical properties of the solar absorber coatings. We investigated the effects of different solvents on the micro-structure of black oxide coated paint tiles and evaluated the stability of the paint colloid using the Gibbs free energy of mixing. We also investigated the use of low environmental impact solvents as potential alternates to standard solvents to create low-stress films. The results show that paint blends thinned by blends of dimethyl carbonate and tertbutylbenzene have low-stress surface morphology with pore-like structures due to the favorable Gibbs free energy value of the colloid and reduced evaporation rate of the primary solvents. These coatings also exhibited strong optical performance with figure of merit and solar absorbance values of 91.60% and 96.86%, making them ideal coatings for next generation concentrated solar power plants.
Ever since the introduction of high bandwidth memory (HBM DRAM) and its succeeding line-ups, HBM DRAM has been heralded as a prominent solution to tackle the memory wall problem. However, despite ...continual memory advancements the advent of high-end systems, including supercomputers, hyper-scale data centers and machine learning accelerators, are expediting requirements for higher-performance memory solutions. To accommodate the increasing system-level demands, we introduce HBM3 DRAM, which employs multiple new features and design schemes. Techniques such as an on-die ECC engine, internal NN-DFE I/O signaling, TSV auto-calibration, and layout optimization based on machine-learning algorithms are implemented to efficiently control timing skew margins and SI degradation trade-offs. Furthermore, reduced voltage swings allow for improved memory bandwidth, density, power efficiency and reliability.
We report the importance of a three-dimensional plasmonic nanostructure for the increased spatial distribution of plasmonic hot spots, and its effective and high-throughput fabrication via a ...dewetting process. Gold is thermally vapor deposited on zinc oxide nanorods. Dewetted gold nanoparticles are self-assembled on the top and sides of the ZnO nanorods, thus creating three-dimensionally dispersed plasmonic probes. The size of the dewetted nanoparticles is tuned by varying the gold thickness. Localized surface plasmon resonance became red-shifted as the size of the gold nanoparticles increased.
With the emergence of large-language models (LLM) and generative AI, which require an enormous amount of model parameters, the required memory bandwidth and capacity for high-end systems is on an ...unprecedented increase. To meet this need, we present an extended version of the high-bandwidth memory-3 (HBM3 DRAM), HBM3E, which achieves a 1280GB/s bandwidth with a cube density of 48GB. New design schemes and features, such as all-around power-through-silicon via (TSV), a 6-phase read-data-strobe (RDQS) scheme, a byte-mapping swap scheme, and a voltage-drift compensator for write data strobe (WDQS), are implemented to achieve extended bandwidth and capacity with enhanced reliability. The overall architecture and specifications, such as bump map footprint, the number of channel and I/Os, and the operation voltage, are identical to the latest HBM3 1, 2; therefore, backward compatibility is provided, avoiding system modification.
AimEvaluation and monitoring of brain viability is important during resuscitation of cardiac arrest. We developed non-invasive EEG-based brain resuscitation index (EBRI) and evaluated correlation ...EBRI and end-tidal CO2(ETCO2).MethodA randomised crossover animal experimental study using porcine cardiac arrest model was designed. After 1 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation, alternation of high quality CPR (compression depth 5 cm and compression rate 100/min) and low quality CPR (compression depth 3 cm and compression rate 60/min) was performed for every 50 s in 10 phases. EBRI was calculated from selected single EEG channel which have the lowest noise. Mixed model analysis was conducted to compare the differences of haemodynamic parameters, ETCO2 and EBRI between high quality CPR period and low quality CPR period. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to assess correlation between EBRI and ETCO2.ResultsExperiment was performed in four female porcine (44.6±2.8 kg). EBRI and EtCO2 was obtained according to quality of CPR received. Delta ETCO2-based EBRI obtained during high quality CPR was significantly higher than delta EBRI of lower quality CPR (HQ : Median 0.1, (0.0–0.2), LQ: Median −0.1 (−0.2–0.0, p≤0.01). EBRI had statistically moderate positive correlation with ETCO2 (r=0.51).ConclusionIn porcine cardiac arrest model, EEG-based Brain Resuscitation Index was successfully obtained during resuscitation and had statistically moderate correlation with ETCO2.Conflict of interestNoneFundingNone
The aims of this study were to evaluate differences in empathic abilities between patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) Type I and healthy control subjects (HCs) and to assess ...correlations between empathic abilities and multidimensional aspects of pain.
Empathic ability was measured in 32 patients with CRPS Type I and in 36 HCs using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). A comprehensive assessment of pain was conducted in the patient group using the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI), and quality of life was evaluated using the WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire.
Patients with CRPS showed impaired cognitive and emotional empathic abilities compared with HCs. Significantly lower levels of perspective taking and empathic concern and higher levels of personal distress on the IRI were exhibited by the patient group. Perspective taking and personal distress were associated with affective distress and poor quality of life in social contexts (BDI, BAI, and WHOQOL). However, empathic concern was positively correlated with pain severity and social support from others (WHYMPI).
A tendency toward self-oriented distress in social cognition was exhibited among patients with CRPS Type I. Impaired empathic ability was shown to have potentially negative effects on subjective emotional outcomes and social performance in the lives of patients. Interventions to improve emotional awareness and theory of mind would be beneficial for enhancing social functioning in patients with CRPS Type I.
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