Abstract Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are attractive cell source for skin tissue engineering. However, one obstacle to this approach is that the transplanted ASC ...population can decline rapidly in the recipient tissue. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on transplanted canine ASCs in a skin wound animal model. Methods LLLT, ASC transplantation (ASCs) and ASC transplantation with LLLT (ASCs + LLLT) were applied to the wound bed in athymic mice. Wound healing was assessed by gross evaluation and by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The survival, differentiation and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor of the ASCs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results The ASCs and ASCs + LLLT groups stimulated wound closure and histological skin regeneration. The ASCs + LLLT group enhanced the wound healing, including neovascularization and regeneration of skin appendages, compared with the ASCs group. The ASCs contributed skin regeneration via differentiation and secretion of growth factors. In the ASCs + LLLT group, the survival of ASCs was increased by the decreased apoptosis of ASCs in the wound bed. The secretion of growth factors was stimulated in the ASCs + LLLT group compared with the ASCs group. Conclusion These data suggest that LLLT is an effective biostimulator of ASCs in wound healing that enhances the survival of ASCs and stimulates the secretion of growth factors in the wound bed.
This study investigates the feasibility of using an adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ASC)-seeded acellular dermal matrix (ADM) along with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to repair bone defect in ...athymic nude mice. Critical-sized calvarial defects were treated either with ADM, ADM/LLLT, ADM/ASCs, or ADM/ASCs/LLLT. In micro-computed tomography scans, the ADM/ASCs and the ADM/ASCs/LLLT groups showed remarkable bone formation after 14 days. Additionally, bone regeneration in the ADM/ASCs/LLLT group was obvious at 28 days, but in the ADM/ASCs group at 56 days. Bone mineral density and bone tissue volume in the ADM/ASCs/LLLT group significantly increased after 7 days, but in the ADM/ASCs group after 14 days. Histological analysis revealed that the defects were repaired in the ADM/ASCs and the ADM/ASCs/LLLT group, while the defects in the ADM and the ADM/LLLT groups exhibited few bone islands at 28 and 56 days. The successful seeding of ASCs onto ADM was confirmed, and LLLT enhanced the proliferation and the survival of ASCs at 14 days. Our results indicate that ASC-seeded grafts promote bone regeneration, and the application of LLLT on ASC-seeded ADM results in rapid bone formation. The implantation of an ASC-seeded ADM combined with LLLT may be used effectively for bone regeneration.
Recently, the appeal of 2D black phosphorus (BP) has been rising due to its unique optical and electronic properties with a tunable band gap (≈0.3–1.5 eV). While numerous research efforts have ...recently been devoted to nano‐ and optoelectronic applications of BP, no attention has been paid to promising medical applications. In this article, the preparation of BP‐nanodots of a few nm to <20 nm with an average diameter of ≈10 nm and height of ≈8.7 nm is reported by a modified ultrasonication‐assisted solution method. Stable formation of nontoxic phosphates and phosphonates from BP crystals with exposure in water or air is observed. As for the BP‐nanodot crystals’ stability (ionization and persistence of fluorescent intensity) in aqueous solution, after 10 d, ≈80% at 1.5 mg mL−1 are degraded (i.e., ionized) in phosphate buffered saline. They showed no or little cytotoxic cell‐viability effects in vitro involving blue‐ and green‐fluorescence cell imaging. Thus, BP‐nanodots can be considered a promising agent for drug delivery or cellular tracking systems.
Black phosphorus (BP)‐nanodots are prepared using a simple ultrasonication‐assisted solution method. Compared to conventional semiconductor quantum dots, BP‐nanodots present little in vitro cytotoxicity and further blue‐ and green‐fluorescent bioimaging roles under excitations of UV and visible light, showing potential as novel drug delivery carriers in biomedical applications.
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•Preparation of a biochar-iron oxide (BC-IO) composite via ultrasonication.•High specific surface area of BC-IO enables high heavy metal adsorption.•BC-IO outperformed unmodified BC ...in adsorption capacity.•BC-IO composite can be reused through adsorption and desorption.
In this study, we aimed to develop an absorbent for efficient removal of heavy metals. We developed a composite (BC-IOx) using biochar (BC) obtained by carbonizing rice hull, a type of biomass, and iron(III) nitrate nonhydrate (IO). The bonding strength between BC and IO was increased through ultrasonication with high energy at 25 ℃ and a 2-h heat treatment process at 350 ℃. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis showed that BC-IOx had an increased specific surface area, which was proportional to iron loading and provided an abundance of active heavy metal adsorption sites. This composite effectively removed Pb(II) and As(V). The addition of BC-IO3 to Pb(II)-contaminated water for 120 min increased Pb(II) absorption capacity to 90.21 mg/g from 18.12 mg/g with unmodified BC. The As(V) adsorption capacity increased from 8.33 mg/g for unmodified BC to 65.34 mg/g for BC-IO10. In addition, the potential adsorption mechanism was discussed using detailed chemical and physical analyses. The synthesis of a composite from biochar and iron oxide can inspire the cost-effective and straightforward production of heavy metal absorbents that can be utilized on a large scale.
A quantitative analysis of the decreasing rate of the monomer and increasing rate of the polymerization was made by monitoring radiation level increments using Raman spectroscopy within the ...therapeutic radiation range for a normoxic polymethacrylic acid gel dosimeter. The gel dosimeter was synthesized by stirring materials such as gelatin, distilled water, methacrylic acid, hydroquinone and tetrakis phosphonium chloride at 50 ^oC, and the synthesized gel was contained in a 10- mm diameter and 32-mm high vial to conduct measurement. 24 hours after gel synthesis, it was irradiated from 0 Gy to 20 Gy by 2 Gy using a Co-60 radiotherapy unit. With use of the Cryo FE-SEM, structural changes in the 0 Gy and 10 Gy gel dosimeters were investigated. The Raman spectra were acquired using 532-nm laser as the excitation source. In accordance with fitting the changes in C-COOH tretching (801 cm‒1), C=C stretching (1639 cm‒1) and vinyl CH_2 stretching (3114 cm^(‒1)) vibrational modes for monomer and CH_2 bending vibrational mode (1451 cm^(‒1))for polymer , sensitive parameter S for each mode was calculated. The values of S for monomer bands and polymer band were ranged in 6.0 ± 2.6 Gy and 7.2 ± 2.3 Gy, respectively, which shows a relatively good conformity of the decreasing rate of monomer and the increasing rate of polymerization within the range of error. KCI Citation Count: 3
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•Ultrarapid, size-controlled, and high-crystalline synthetic protocol for ceria nanoparticles were developed.•Plasma-mediated ceria nanoparticles exhibited an efficient color-changing ...activity toward H2O2.•The ceria nanoparticles-embedded paper strip showed high selectivity, sensitivity, reusability, and stability for glucose detection.•Diverse glucose levels in human blood were successfully determined with excellent reproducibility and reliability.
We describe an ultrarapid (within several minutes), size-controlled (<100 nm in diameter), and high-crystalline plasma-mediated synthesis of ceria nanoparticles and their application in reagent-free colorimetric test strips. Glucose oxidase (GOx) incorporated onto the paper matrix generates H2O2 with glucose, subsequently inducing color changes of the embedded ceria nanoparticles from white/yellow to yellow/orange without any involvement of colorimetric substrate or dye. The optimized protocol yielded ∼2-fold higher color intensity compared to that of commercially available ceria nanoparticles, presumably due to its much larger surface area and higher Ce3+ content, facilitating the oxidation from Ce3+ to Ce4+ and formation of peroxide complexes at the nanoparticle surfaces. Using the colorimetric test strip, glucose was specifically detected over a wide linear range (0.1−10 mM), with excellent reusability, storage stability, precision, and reproducibility. The innovative plasma-mediated ultrarapid synthesis of size-controlled and high-crystalline ceria nanoparticles and their utilization on reagent-free colorimetric test strip allow for a straightforward sensing platform for the point-of-care detection of glucose and can be expanded to other oxidative enzymes for facile colorimetric detection of various clinically important target molecules.
Abstract Background aims Previous studies have reported that scaffold or cell-based transplantation may improve functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI), but these results were based on ...neuronal regeneration and cell replacement. In this study, we investigated whether a combination of Matrigel and neural-induced mesenchymal stem cells (NMSC) improved hindlimb function in dogs with SCI, and what mechanisms were involved. Methods We pre-differentiated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into NMSC. A total of 12 dogs subjected to SCI procedures were assigned to one of the following three transplantation treatment groups: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); Matrigel; or Matrigel seeded with NMSC. Treatment occurred 1 week after SCI. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (B.B.B.) and Tarlov scores, histopathology, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate the treatment effects. Results Compared with dogs administered PBS or Matrigel alone, dogs treated with Matrigel + NMSC showed significantly better functional recovery 8 weeks after transplantation. Histology and immunochemical analysis revealed that the combination of Matrigel + NMSC reduced fibrosis from secondary injury processes and improved neuronal regeneration more than the other treatments. In addition, the combination of Matrigel + NMSC decreased the expression of inflammation and/or astrogliosis markers. Increased expressions of intracellular molecules related to neuronal extension, neuronal markers and neurotrophic factors were also found in the Matrigel + NMSC group. However, the expression of nestin as a neural stem cell marker was increased with Matrigel alone Conclusions The combination of Matrigel + NMSC produced beneficial effects in dogs with regard to functional recovery following SCI through enhancement of anti-inflammation, anti-astrogliosis, neuronal extension and neuronal regeneration effects.
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•A BN surface was non-covalently functionalized by benzoic acid.•An alkaline epoxy resin induced hydrogen bonding of benzoic acid on BN.•The Farris effect and hydrogen bonding were ...responsible for improved κ.
This study presents a combined strategy of bidisperse boron nitride (BN) and surface modification to improve the thermal conductivity (κ) of the BN-epoxy composite. Surface modification of hexagonal BN was carried out with benzoic acid (BA). The optimal weight ratio of large and small BN (BNl and BNs) was 8:2 for their connectivity in the epoxy matrix. For 50 wt% filler content, the BNl8s2-BA composite has a much higher κ of 2.71 W/m K (out-plane direction), which is 12.3, 1.32, and 1.50 times higher than that of the pure epoxy, and its composite with BNl10s0-BA and BNl8s2, respectively. The chemical-sensitive analyses indicate that carboxyl-carboxylate interaction occurred in partially deprotonated benzoic acid on BN during the epoxy curing process, resulting in in-situ formation of a continuously thermal conductive pathway, which is responsible for the improved κ.
유리 표면에 방사성동위원소 14C를 고착시키고 문지름 시험을 통해 시험용지별 전이 인자와 표면 형상을 관찰하여 방사성동위원소 누설 점검을 위한 건식 및 습식 문지름 시험법을 연구하였다. 건식 문지름 시험법은 티슈 용지가 종이 필터를 대체 가능할 정도로 2배 높은 전이 인자를 보였고, 습식 문지름 시험법은 종이 필터 용지가 티슈 용지에 비하여 3배 높은 ...전이 인자를 보였다. 일반적으로 누설 점검을 위해 종이 필터를 사용하고 있지만 건식 문지름 시험법에서 티슈 용지가 대안이 될 수 있음을 보였다.
A dry and wet wipe test for radioisotope leakage checking was conducted by fixing the radioisotope 14C to the glass surface and used for observing the transfer factor and surface shape of the test paper through wipe test. The dry wipe test showed that transfer factor in the tissue paper was twice as high as in the paper filter, and the wet wipe test showed that transfer factor in the paper filter paper was three times higher than the tissue paper. Although paper filters are general choice for leakage checking, it has been shown that tissue paper can be an alternative in the dry wipe test.
유리 표면에 방사성동위원소 14 C를 고착시키고 문지름 시험을 통해 시험용지별 전이 인자와 표면 형상을 관찰하여 방사성동위원소 누설 점검을 위한 건식 및 습식 문지름 시험법을 연구하였다.
건식 문지름 시험법은 티슈 용지가 종이 필터를 대체 가능할 정도로 2배 높은 전이 인자를 보였고, 습식 문지름 시험법은 종이 필터 용지가 티슈 용지에 비하여 3배 높은 ...전이 인자를 보였다. 일반적으로 누설 점검을 위해 종이 필터를 사용하고 있지만 건식 문지름 시험법에서 티슈 용지가 대안이 될 수 있음을 보였다.
A dry and wet wipe test for radioisotope leakage checking was conducted by fixing the radioisotope 14 C to the glass surface and used for observing the transfer factor and surface shape of the test paper through wipe test.
The dry wipe test showed that transfer factor in the tissue paper was twice as high as in the paper filter, and the wet wipe test showed that transfer factor in the paper filter paper was three times higher than the tissue paper. Although paper filters are general choice for leakage checking, it has been shown that tissue paper can be an alternative in the dry wipe test.
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