OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the treatment adherence of children with chronic functional constipation.
METHODS:The present study is a prospective and longitudinal study ...realized at a pediatric gastroenterology clinic of a Brazilian University Hospital, between August 2009 and October 2011. Rome III criteria and the Bristol Stool Scale were used to define constipation and to characterize feces, respectively. Drug treatment was prescribed for patients according to the protocols previously standardized in the clinic. Specific questionnaires, containing questions related to 1 dependent variable and independent variables were completed in the first and sixth months of the treatment. Independent variables related to the patients, their caregivers, the disease itself, and the therapeutic plan were analyzed and compared with the dependent variable (adherence to the treatment). Adherence was considered when the patient returned with >75% of the prescribed medicine containers empty.
RESULTS:Fifty children participated in both the first and sixth months of treatment. The mean age of the sample was 77.6 ± 43.8 months and the mean age of the onset of symptoms was 18.8 ± 27.9 months. The adherence rate was 38% in the first month and 30% in the sixth month. Patients who were treated with polyethylene glycol had greater adherence than patients who were prescribed other laxatives, with statistical significance in the second moment of the study (P = 0.19 and P = 0.04, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS:The study showed low adherence rates to drug treatment of constipation in children. It is necessary to seek new strategies to increase treatment adherence, while avoiding complications and reducing costs.
Luminescence properties of undoped Li6Y(BO3)3 (LYB) crystals grown by the Bridgman method as well as undoped and praseodymium doped LYB crystals grown by the Czochralski method were studied under ...excitation by ultraviolet light, synchrotron radiation and electron beam in the temperature region of 5–300 K. The emission bands peaking at 4.8, 3.76 and 2.95 eV were found in undoped Czochralski-grown crystals, while the band at 3.34 eV was dominant in the Bridgman-grown crystals. These bands are presumably ascribed to excitons localized at regular and defect-perturbed lattice sites. Intense emission bands peaking at 4.75, 4.50, 4.17 and 3.98 eV were discovered in Pr doped crystals at low temperatures and related to the interconfigurational 4f15d1 → 4f2 radiative transitions in Pr3+ ions. The structure of the emission spectrum is shown to be determined by the 3H4, 3H5, 3H6, 3F2, 3F3, 3F4 terms of the Pr3+ ion. The characteristic decay time of the 4f15d1 → 4f2 emission is τ = 24 ns at low temperatures, however, it shortens to 9 ns by room temperature due to a strong thermal quenching. The study of glow curves and spectra of thermostimulated luminescence in Li6Y(BO3)3:Pr crystal irradiated by 10-keV electron beam shows that Pr3+ ions do not participate in an electron-hole recombination process.
•High quality undoped and Pr doped Li6Y(BO3)3 were spectroscopically studied•Interconfigurational Pr3+5d-4f luminescence is revealed at low temperatures•Fast Pr3+ 5d-4f luminescence is quenched at room temperature•Pr3+ do not participate in the electron –hole recombination processes
This paper presents an efficient reduction method for predicting the nonlinear transient and steady state squeal events in mechanical systems subjected to friction-induced vibration and noise. This ...proposed reduction technique is based on the Double Modal Synthesis (DMS) method that involves the use of a classical Craig & Bampton modal reduction on each substructure considering the interface surfaces associated to a condensation at the frictional interface based on complex modes.
In this paper, the performances of some reduced bases based on the DMS strategy are investigated in the case of a finite element model of a simplified disc/pads system. The originality of the present work is to propose a comprehensive study on the convergence of the DMS method in order to predict not only the stability or the limit cycles of a simplified brake system but also the transient nonlinear self-excited vibrations, as well as the squeal noise. A special attention is brought to the convergence of the DMS method and more precisely the number of interfaces modes required to provide satisfactory results in regard to various criterion used to characterize the squeal.
We describe the realization and performance of a prototype high granularity calorimeter built with lead and scintillating fibers. We describe the calorimeter construction and show cosmic ray and ...electron test beam results obtained with a custom-designed trigger.
Dihydrogoniothalamin is a styrylpyrone isolated from the leaves of Aniba panurensis. The present work aimed at investigating the vasorelaxant activity of dihydrogoniothalamin and its underlying ...mechanism of action in the rat aorta. Dihydrogoniothalamin (0.01-100 µM) induced a concentration-dependent vasodilatation of aortas precontracted with phenylephrine. Endothelium removal or pretreatment of the preparation with NG nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester abolished the vasodilator response for dihydrogoniothalamin. Pretreatment with calmidazolium did not affect the vasodilator response of dihydrogoniothalamin. On the other hand, wortmannin, a nonselective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, and protein kinase B inhibitor IV significantly shifted the concentration-response curve of dihydrogoniothalamin to the right and reduced its maximal effect. A nonselective antagonist of estrogen receptors, ICI 182,780, and a selective antagonist of estrogen receptor α, methyl-piperidino-pyrazole, were able to reduce the relaxation induced by dihydrogoniothalamin, but no effect was observed in the presence of the selective antagonists of estrogen receptor β and G protein-coupled receptor 30, 4-2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo1,5-apyrimidin-3-ylphenol (PHTPP), and G-15, respectively. Dihydrogoniothalamin also increased the phosphorylation of the activation sites of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and protein kinase B. The present results led us to conclude that dihydrogoniothalamin is a vasodilator drug acting in an endothelium- and nitric oxide-dependent manner through a mechanism involving the activation of nitric oxide synthase via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, partially by stimulation of estrogen receptor α.
The neutron detection efficiency of a sampling calorimeter made of 1
mm diameter scintillating fibers embedded in a lead/bismuth structure has been measured at the neutron beam of The Svedberg ...Laboratory at Uppsala. A significant enhancement of the detection efficiency with respect to a bulk organic scintillator detector with the same thickness is observed.
The SIDDHARTA (SIlicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research with Timing Application) collaboration performed X-ray spectroscopy measurement of kaonic atoms at the DAΦNE e+e−collider. Low energy ...negative kaons from DAΦNE φ-factory were stopped in gaseous targets to produce kaonic atoms. We employed specially designed Silicon Drift Detectors(SDDs) to detect the kaonic X-rays. Based on the energy of kaonic- 4He 3d → 2p transition, we determined a new value of the 2p level strong-interaction shift of kaonic- 4He: 0 ± 6 (stat.)± 2 (syst.) eV1. Together with the result of recent E570 experiment2 at the KEK-PS, a small shift (if any) of kaonic- 4He 2p level has become well established.
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