Resumen Antecedentes: Los nematodos son parásitos gastrointestinales que infectan al ganado ovino. Son responsables de pérdidas económicas de hasta un billón de dólares a nivel mundial y representan ...uno de los problemas más graves en la producción ovina extensiva, particularmente en los trópicos. Objetivo. Recopilar la información relacionada con las principales actividades biológicas de los extractos de hojas del árbol del A. indica (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) para evaluar su posible uso futuro como tratamiento clínico en el control de nematodos gastrointestinales en ovinos. Desarrollo: Debido a los problemas productivos y económicos que implica la parasitosis gastrointestinal en los animales, donde la resistencia antihelmíntica es causada por el mal manejo de los antihelmínticos a niveles aceptables para desarrollar un potencial productivo del ganado, actualmente se están buscando métodos alternativos para el control de los nematodos gastrointestinales capaces de reducir de manera eficaz las cargas parasitarias. El atributo de los métodos alternativos de control es reducir la dependencia con respecto a los antihelmínticos comerciales, lo que significa menos tratamientos por año al animal, lo que permite preservar parásitos susceptibles en la misma granja. El uso de plantas con propiedades antihelmínticas se ha convertido en una de las alternativas de mayor interés en los últimos años. El árbol del A. indica, es una de estas plantas con actividad antiparasitaria. Conclusiones: Los extractos de hojas del árbol del A. indica (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) constituyen una fuente alternativa ecológica a evaluar como tratamiento clínico para el control de nematodos gastrointestinales en ovinos por su efecto antihelmíntico y ayudan a promover la biodiversidad. En comparación con los antihelmínticos químicos muestran menor posibilidad de desarrollar resistencia y demuestran que son seguros, económicos y fáciles, disponible en los alrededores y serán útiles para agricultores o ganaderos. Los extractos de esta planta podrían integrarse en un programa de métodos de control integrado diseñado para lograr un control parasitario sostenible en los sistemas de producción ovina y además emplearse en estudios contra los parásitos del filo platelminto, de mayor prevalencia epidemiológica.
Plane waves generated and alternated using a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) were evaluated for modulating the spatial coherence of a laser beam. The spatial coherence and its modulation can be ...represented as a sampling problem in the temporal domain. In this way, the integration time in the detector, the frame rate of the DMD, and the laser coherence time were properly adjusted or chosen to achieve the effect of a beam with a particular state of spatial coherence. Two methods were applied to superpose the plane waves and produce controlled visibility variations in the interferogram of a Young’s experiment. The visibility measurements show the variation of the modulus of the complex degree of spatial coherence, controlled by simple phase modulation, and between a pair of points on the wavefront. This procedure, which uses no mobile parts, could be applied in digital holography denoising, beam shaping, optical communications and optical metrology and imaging.
Speckle noise is a well-documented problem on coherent imaging techniques like Digital Holography. A method to reduce the speckle noise level is presented, based on introducing a Digital Micromirror ...Device to phase modulate the illumination over the object. Multiple holograms with varying illuminations are recorded and the reconstructed intensities are averaged to obtain a final improved image. A simple numerical resampling scheme is proposed to further improve noise reduction. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid approach.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which leads to motor ...and non-motor symptoms (NMS). NMS can appear many years before the classical motor symptoms and are associated with the neurodegeneration of several nuclei; in this work, we highlight the neurodegeneration of Locus coeruleus (LC) in PD. The aim was to investigate the effects of depleting SNpc and LC catecholaminergic neurons on behavioral and neurobiological endpoints. Here we used 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in order to induced neurotoxic damage in three independent experimental groups: SNpc lesion group, which 6-OHDA was injected into CPu (CPu-6-OHDA), LC lesion group, which 6-OHDA was injected directly on LC to selectively caused a damage on this nucleus (LC-6-OHDA), and the combined SNpc and LC lesion group (CL-6-OHDA). Next, the behavioral studies were performed using the Morris water maze (MWM), open field (OF), and elevated plus maze (EPM). After stereotaxic surgeries, the animals showed a loss of 67% and 77% of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) reactive neurons in the SNpc and LC, respectively. The behavioral analysis showed the anxiety-like behavior in CL-6-OHDA group in the EPM test; in the MWM test, the combined lesions (CL-6-OHDA) showed an impairment in memory acquisition and spatial memory; and no changes were observed in locomotor activity in all the tests. Furthermore, our investigation demonstrating the effects of depleting SN and LC catecholaminergic neurons on behavioral and neurobiological parameters. All these data together lead us to believe that a bilateral PD model including a LC bilateral degeneration is potentially a more accurate model to evaluate the NMS in the pathological development of the disease in rodents.
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•Bilateral 6-OHDA injections into the CPu (24 μg/μL; 0.5 μL) and/or LC (24 μg/μL; 0.5 μL) do not change locomotor activity.•The absence of LC with neurodegeneration of the SNpc leads to an anxiety-like behavior.•The absence of LC with neurodegeneration of the SNpc impaired memory acquisition and retention.
: PARP inhibitors are a new class of drugs that are currently being studied in several malignancies. Olaparib is FDA-approved for advanced breast cancer and advanced ovarian cancer patients. Fatigue ...and anemia are among the most common cancer and treatment-related symptoms. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to characterize the incidence and relative risks (RRs) of fatigue and anemia associated with olaparib.
: PubMed, Cohrane, Embase and abstracts presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) were searched for articles published from 2000 to June 2018. The eligible studies were phase II and III RCT of olaparib. Safety profile from each selected study was evaluated for all-grade and high-grade fatigue and anemia adverse events. Summary incidences and the RR, with 95% confidence intervals, of all-grade and high-grade events were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects model based on the heterogeneity of selected studies.
: A total of 9 trials were selected, and included 2074 patients with advanced ovarian, gastric, prostate, lung or breast cancer. 908 patients received placebo/control treatments and 1166 received olaparib alone or combination with other active cancer treatments. The RR of all-grade and high fatigue was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.10–1.39) and 1.71 (95% CI, 1.06–2.77), respectively. The RR of all-grade and high-grade anemia was 2.10 (95% CI, 1.48–2.98) and 3.15 (95% CI, 1.73–5.71), respectively.
: Our findings suggest that the olaparib treatment is associated with an increased risk of fatigue and anemia. Since fatigue and anemia are very common treatment related adverse events, and both can impair the quality of life of patients, it is important to identify them early and manage it accordingly in order to optimize the overall treatment.
Knowing the information regarding the panorama of lymphoma diagnosis in patients treated in the Brazilian Public Unified Health System from the last 10 years is a challenge for Strategic Health ...Planning.
To characterize the Brazilian population with lymphoma treated in the Brazilian Public Unified Health System between 2008 and 2017 regarding staging, sex, residence site and mortality.
A descriptive, retrospective, and longitudinal trial with secondary data from DataSUS (SIA/SUS and SIM/SUS) obtained from patients with ICD-10 C81−85.
There were 70,850 lymphoma cases between 2008 and 2017, of which 55% were male, the median age was 51 years, and 27% had Hodgkin Lymphoma. Most patients (56%) were treated outside the residence city. São Paulo State accounted for 25% of patients. Treatment initiation took more than 60 days in 27% of cases. A total of 45,601 deaths were due to lymphoma (12% Hodgkin Lymphoma and 88% Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma), with a median age 63 years, and were mainly males (55%). Staging data were inadequate in 23% of patients, and analysis was performed only on the valid records. Advanced disease was diagnosed in 58% of patients (60% male; 57% female) and was more common in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (62%) versus Hodgkin Lymphoma (49%).
Late diagnosis interferes with mortality rates. Health promotion and cancer prevention campaigns, especially targeting the male public, and training for early diagnosis and early treatment are needed.
Effective measures for early diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed for lymphoma control.
Background:
Due to the similarity among specimens in the height of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on the distal proximal axis in relation to the proximal posterior cartilage of the lateral ...femoral condyle (point C), it is known this point can be used as an arthroscopic intraoperative parameter to define the position of the femoral tunnel in ACL reconstruction.
Indications:
For ACL reconstruction, point C can be used as an arthroscopic intraoperative parameter to define the position of the femoral tunnel on the distal proximal and anteroposterior axes.
Technique Description:
For access to the joint, standard arthroscopic ports, both anterolateral (AL) and anteromedial (AM), are used. By directing the camera toward the posterior region of the lateral femoral condyle through the AM port, it is possible to visualize the end of the posterior and proximal articular cartilage, the so-called C point. In this case, we sought to position the center of the femoral tunnel in the center of the AM band of the ACL. Holding the camera through the AM portal and visualizing point C, a millimeter-scale femoral guide is introduced through the AL portal toward the posterior femoral cartilage (point C) and positioned over it, creating a line between point C and the lateral distal femoral cartilage. The distance between point C and the distal femoral cartilage is measured. At this time, an accessory AM portal 1.5 cm from the AM port is constructed. Through it, with the aid of an ice pick or radiofrequency tip, a marking is made in the deep to shallow axis at 35% of this distance. Then, approximately 2 mm above the imaginary line formed by the union of point C and the lateral distal femoral cartilage, the center of the femoral tunnel is marked.
Results:
Point C is an anatomical landmark that is easy to view and is present in all knees; thus, it can be used as a reference during surgery for positioning the femoral tunnel.
Discussion/Conclusion:
Point C can be used as an arthroscopic intraoperative parameter to define the position of the femoral tunnel in ACL reconstruction.
Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:
The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Graphical Abstract
This is a visual representation of the abstract.
Plane waves generated and alternated using a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) were evaluated for modulating the spatial coherence of a laser beam. The spatial coherence and its modulation can be ...represented as a sampling problem in the temporal domain. In this way, the integration time in the detector, the frame rate of the DMD, and the laser coherence time were properly adjusted or chosen to achieve the effect of a beam with a particular state of spatial coherence. Two methods were applied to superpose the plane waves and produce controlled visibility variations in the interferogram of a Young's experiment. The visibility measurements show the variation of the modulus of the complex degree of spatial coherence, controlled by simple phase modulation, and between a pair of points on the wavefront. This procedure, which uses no mobile parts, could be applied in digital holography denoising, beam shaping, optical communications and optical metrology and imaging.
Plane waves generated and alternated using a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) were evaluated for modulating the spatial coherence of a laser beam. The spatial coherence and its modulation can be ...represented as a sampling problem in the temporal domain. In this way, the integration time in the detector, the frame rate of the DMD, and the laser coherence time were properly adjusted or chosen to achieve the effect of a beam with a particular state of spatial coherence. Two methods were applied to superpose the plane waves and produce controlled visibility variations in the interferogram of a Young's experiment. The visibility measurements show the variation of the modulus of the complex degree of spatial coherence, controlled by simple phase modulation, and between a pair of points on the wavefront. This procedure, which uses no mobile parts, could be applied in digital holography denoising, beam shaping, optical communications and optical metrology and imaging. RESUMEN: Se utilizo un dispositivo digital de microespejos (DMD) para generary alternar ondas planas. Estas ondas planas se evaluaron para modular la coherencia espacial de un haz de luz laser. La coherecia espacial y su modulacion pueden ser entendidas como un problema de muestreo en el dominio temporal. De esta forma, el tiempo de integracion en el detector, el tiempo de refrescamiento de cuadros en el DMD y el tiempo de coherencia del laser, fueron aprovechados para lograr el efecto de un haz de luz con estado de coherencia espacial especffico. Se aplicaron dos metodos en la superposicion de las ondas planas para producir variaciones controladas en la visibilidad de interferogramas obtenidos en un experimento de Young. Las mediciones de visibilidad mostraron la variacion del modulo del grado complejo de coherencia, a traves de modulacion de fase, y entre un par de punto en el frente de onda. Este procedimiento, que no utiliza partes moviles, puede ser aplicado en reduccion de ruido en holograffa digital, conformacion de haces de luz, telecomunicaciones opticas y metrologfa.
A core use case in artificial intelligence and natural language processing (NLP) is automatic text classification of documents, for the efficient, transparent and reliable handling of the billions of ...documents generated each year as part of business and government operation. Our application for document analysis uses deep learning for Neural Text Classification, with recurrent (Bi-LSTM) and transformer neural networks (DistilBERT and FinBERT). We compare the new models against traditional TF-IDF bag-of-words machine learning models, and evaluate text classification on a corpus of over 2,600,000 consumer financial complaints from the U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), an agency of the U.S. Federal government created as a result of the 2008 financial crisis. Our analysis shows the superiority of the transformer models, with a classification accuracy of 88.05% on the task formulated.
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