Dr. sc. Željko Jurjević imenovan je 2021. godine voditeljem nacionalnog mikološkog programa, u EMSL Analytical, Inc., Najvećoj tvrtki za ispitivanje okoliša u SAD-u i Kanadi, u čijem sastavu je više ...od 50 laboratorija, sa sjedištem u Cinnaminson, New Jersey-ju (NJ). Tim povodom naveden je kratki životopis s posebnim osvrtom na njegova otkrića na polju mikologije. Kao autor ili kao koautor opisao je 83 do tada neopisane gljivične vrste, dva roda (Caeliomyces i Muriphila) i tri Aspergillus sekcije (Petersonium, Robusti, Tanneri). U radu su navedeni taksoni na kojima je sudjelovao u njihovom otkriću.
Dr. sc. Željko Jurjević was recently appointed in 2021 as Manager of the National Mycological Program at EMSL Analytical, Inc., the largest environmental testing company in the in the USA and Canada, with over 50 laboratories, headquartered in Cinnaminson New Jersey (NJ). On this occasion, a short biography with special reference to his discoveries in the field of mycology is being presented. Dr. Jurjevic has authored or co-authored the descriptions of 83 previously undescribed fungal species, two genera (Caeliomyces and Muriphila) and three Aspergillus sections (Petersonium, Robusti, Tanneri).
The investigation of virus incidence was conducted on 14 autochthonous Croatian grapevine cultivars on vines from 51 vineyard located in the Dalmatian region. A total of 1,116 vines were tested by ...ELISA on nine viruses: Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, 2, 3 and 7 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3 and GLRaV-7), Grapevine virus A and B (GVA and GVB). ELISA confirmed presence of eight viruses: GLRaV-3 in 888 vines (79.6%), GVA 685 (61.4%), GLRaV-1 455 (40.8%), GFkV 223 (19.9%), GFLV 219 (19.6%), GLRaV-2 46 (4.1%), ArMV 36 (3.2%) and GVB 35 (3.1%). Altogether 93 vines (8.3%) were free of all tested viruses, 168 (15.1%) were infected with a single virus, 368 (32.9%) with two, 314 (28.1%) with three, 127 (11.4%) with four, 43 (3.9%) with five, and 3 (0.3%) vines with six viruses. Symptoms of premature leaf color change and downward curling of leaf blades were common, while abnormal branching, short internodes, double nodes and irregular ripening were detected sporadically. The investigation confirms deteriorated sanitary status of all cultivars except Grk and Plavina and indicates the necessity of intensifying grapevine clonal and sanitary selection programs.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic properties produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus moulds under different climatic conditions. Humans and animals are ...exposed to this compound mainly via ingestion of contaminated food. In Croatia, research on mycotoxins focused on OTA when the mycotoxin theory of endemic nephropathy (EN) was postulated. Ochratoxin A was more frequent and at higher concentration in foods from EN than those from the control regions. Subsequently, OTA concentrations were determined in some commodities intended for human consumption such as maize, wheat, beans and wine. Samples from all parts of Croatia were analyzed and OTA was found in all types of commodities. It was frequently found together with other mycotoxins (fumonisin B(1), fumonisin B(2) and zearalenone). In general, OTA concentration in foods from Croatia is low, but the frequency of positive samples shows considerable variations from year to year depending also on sampling location. Although low levels of OTA were found in a large proportion of analyzed food samples, its persistent co-occurrence with other significant mycotoxins should raise serious public health concerns as there interactions may be synergistic or additive in causing toxicity in humans and animals. There is need to establish control measures through which such contaminations in foods can be managed.
Fusarium spp. Contamination of Wheat, Maize, Soybean, and Pea Grain in Croatia Ivić, Dario (Zagreb University Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia); Domijan, Ana-Marija (Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia); Peraica, Maja (Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia) ...
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju,
12/2009, Volume:
60, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
From 2002 to 2008, 203 samples of wheat, maize, soybean, and pea were analysed for the presence of Fusarium species. Contamination with Fusarium spp., expressed as the percentage of seeds with ...Fusarium colonies, ranged from 5 % to 69 % for wheat, from 25 % to 100 % for maize, from 4 % to 17 % for soybean, and from 3 % to 17 % for pea. 187 isolates were collected and the following 19 species determined: F. graminearum, F. poae, F. avenaceum, F. verticillioides, F. sporotrichioides, F. heterosporum, F. crookwellense, F. tricinctum, F. semitectum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. pseudograminearum, F. chlamydosporum, F. sambucinum, F. compactum, F. scirpi, and F. culmorum. Dominant species were F. graminearum on wheat (27 % of isolates), F. verticillioides on maize (83 % of isolates), F. sporotrichioides on soybean (34 % of isolates), and F. proliferatum on pea (29 % of isolates). Among species identified, F. heterosporum, F. crookwellense, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum, and F. compactum have been reported for the first time in Croatia.
U periodu od 2002. do 2008. g. analizirana je prisutnost vrsta Fusariuma na 208 uzoraka zrna pšenice, kukuruza, soje i graška. Kontaminacija vrstama Fusariuma, izražena kao postotak sjemenki s kolonijama Fusarium spp., kretala se od 5 % do 69 % na pšenici, od 25 % do 100 % na kukuruzu, od 4 % do 17 % na soji te od 3 % do 17 % na grašku. Prosje _na kontaminacija vrstama Fusariuma u razli _itim godinama varirala je od 10 % do 46 % na pšenici, od 50 % do 91 % na kukuruzu, od 5 % do 9 % na soji te od 7 % do 10 % na grašku. Vrste Fusariuma koje se javljaju na zrnu izolirane su i determinirane s odabranih uzoraka pšenice, kukuruza, soje i graška. Skupljeno je 187 izolata, a utvrđeno je 19 vrsta: F. graminearum, F. poae, F. avenaceum, F. verticillioides, F. sporotrichioides, F. heterosporum, F. crookwellense, F. tricinctum, F. semitectum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. pseudograminearum, F. chlamydosporum, F. sambucinum, F. compactum, F. scirpi i F. culmorum. Dominantne vrste bile su F. graminearum na pšenici (27 % izolata), F. verticillioides na kukuruzu (83 % izolata), F. sporotrichioides na soji (34 % izolata) te F. proliferatum na grašku (29 % izolata). U Hrvatskoj su prvi put utvrđene vrste F. heterosporum, F. crookwellense, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum i F. compactum.
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) have a variety of symptoms and causes. The latter include fungal species from the family Diaporthaceae. The aim of our study was to determine Diaporthaceae species ...present in the woody parts of grapevines sampled from 12 vine-growing coastal and continental areas of Croatia. The fungi were isolated from diseased wood, and cultures analysed for phenotype (morphology and pathogenicity) and DNA sequence (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2). Most isolates were identified as Phomopsis viticola, followed by Diaporthe neotheicola and Diaporthe eres. This is the first report of Diaporthe eres as a pathogen on grapevine in the world, while for Diaporthe neotheicola this is the first report in Croatia. Pathogenicity trials confirmed Phomopsis viticola as a strong and Diaporthe neotheicola as a weak pathogen. Diaporthe eres turned out to be a moderate pathogen, which implies that the species could have a more important role in the aetiology of GTD.
The effect of hot water dipping (HWD) at 40, 44 and 48 °C for 6 and 12 min on germination of conidia of brown rot fungus (Monilinia laxa) in vitro and the effect of HWD at 48 °C for 6 and 12 min on ...the fruit quality and development of M. laxa on peach cv. “Roig” and nectarine cv. “Venus” after artificial inoculation in cold storage were studied. Temperature and duration of treatment significantly affected germination of conidia. After HWD at 48 °C for 12 min, the lowest germination of conidia (9%) was recorded, which was more than 10 times lower than control (93%). After 3 days from inoculation, there were 80% of inoculated spots with visual symptoms of decay caused by M. laxa on control peaches and 40% of such spots on control nectarines. Successful infections were recorded on only 5% of inoculated spots of nectarine and 10% of inoculated spots of peach after HWD at 48 °C for 12 min. HWD at 48 °C for 12 min significantly decreased titratable acidity and increased soluble solids concentration/titratable acidity ratio in nectarines. No visual symptoms of heat damage were found on fruits as a consequence of any of the studied treatments. The results show that it is possible to control postharvest brown rot (M. laxa) on peach using HWD at 48 °C for 12 min and on nectarine using HWD at 48 °C for 6 min without a significant loss of fruit quality.
Erwinia amylovora is the most frequently found necrogenic bacterium on apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees, which causes progressive necrosis and blight of host plants. Rapid spread of bacteria ...through the host tissue can lead to the loss of entire trees in one growing season. In this work, the aim is to investigate long-lasting biochemical responses in leaves of two apple cultivars (Enterprise and Golden delicious). Several histochemical (polyphenols, suberin and callose) and biochemical parameters (total polyphenols, superoxide dismutase--SOD, ascorbate peroxidase--APX and guaiacol peroxidase--GPOD) were screened 60 days after Erwinia inoculation in order to find their potential correlation with plant resistance mechanisms to the pathogen attack. Differential susceptibility to the pathogen attack observed between the investigated cultivars was in accordance with previous studies that characterized Enterprise as less susceptible and Golden delicious as more susceptible cultivar. Infected leaves of Golden delicious expressed symptoms seen as large brown areas at the abaxial side mostly placed at the leaf margin and necrosis also found peripherally, while damage in Enterprise leaves was observed as small brown spots and sporadic leaf edge necrosis. Increased SOD and GPOD activities combined with decreased polyphenol content as well as wide cuticle suberization in cultivar Enterprise should be considered as reliable biochemical parameters characterizing its ability to develop certain resistance to the pathogen infection. Furthermore, the absence of callose deposition in leaves of Enterprise confirmed our findings that thick suberized cuticle is likely the main defense mechanism that enables long-term efficient protection of apple leaves against biotic stress caused by Erwinia attack. Key words: antioxidative enzymes, apple, callose, Erwinia amylovora, pathogen resistance, polyphenols, suberin
Trulež korijena i podnožja vlati nekada je bila učestala bolest u našim žitorodnim područjima u uvjetima uzgoja pšenice u monokulturi. Posljednjih godina pojavljuje se sporadično, ali ukazuje da se ...poljoprivrednici ne pridržavaju biljne higijene, stoga će dobro doći neke osvježene spoznaje o tom patogenu, navedeni će biti uvjeti u kojima se razvija, biološki ciklus i mogućnosti zaštite.
Povod je ovomu članku mjestimična pojava smrdljive snijeti (Tilletia caries, Tilletia laevis) prošle godine. Neki poljoprivredni proizvođači za svoje potrebe proizvode sjeme na vlastitu posjedu i ...koriste ga za sjetvu, što se može pokazati problematičnim. U tekstu su opisani simptomi, izvor inokuluma i proces infekcije da bi se shvatilo i ukazalo na nužnost i mogućnost zaštite. Opisane su higijenske mjere koje mogu utjecati na smanjene izvora i tijeka infekcije te prednosti tretiranja sjemena kemijskim sredstvima, a navedeno je i nekoliko bioloških pripravaka.
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) have a variety of symptoms and causes. The latter include fungal species from the family Diaporthaceae. The aim of our study was to determine Diaporthaceae species ...present in the woody parts of grapevines sampled from 12 vine-growing coastal and continental areas of Croatia. The fungi were isolated from diseased wood, and cultures analysed for phenotype (morphology and pathogenicity) and DNA sequence (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2). Most isolates were identified as Phomopsis viticola, followed by Diaporthe neotheicola and Diaporthe eres. This is the first report of Diaporthe eres as a pathogen on grapevine in the world, while for Diaporthe neotheicola this is the first report in Croatia. Pathogenicity trials confirmed Phomopsis viticola as a strong and Diaporthe neotheicola as a weak pathogen. Diaporthe eres turned out to be a moderate pathogen, which implies that the species could have a more important role in the aetiology of GTD.
Bolesti vinove loze koje se danas u općeprihvaćenoj engleskoj fitopatološkoj terminologiji označavaju kao grapevine trunk disease (GTD) obuhvaćaju bolesti drva vinove loze s različitom simptomatologijom i etiologijom. Kao jedan od uzroka GTD-a navode se i fitopatogene gljive iz porodice Diaporthaceae. Iz ove porodice na vinovoj lozi do sada je u Hrvatskoj utvrđena samo vrsta Phomopsis viticola kao uzročnik bolesti crna pjegavost i Phomopsis cotoneastri. U svijetu se navodi još 15 vrsta koje spadaju u rod Diaporthe/Phomopsis s različitom patogenosti na vinovoj lozi pa se stoga neke vrste smatraju endofitima, a neke patogenima. Radi utvrđivanja etiologije bolesti drva vinove loze povezanih s gljivama iz porodice Diaporthaceae uzimani su uzorci bolesnog drva i rozgve vinove loze iz različitih vinogorja unutar svih 12 vinogradarskih podregija kontinentalne i primorske Hrvatske. Gljive su iz zaraženog drva izolirane u čistu kulturu na hranjivu podlogu. Taksonomski status izolata utvrđen je na temelju njihove fenotipske karakterizacije (karakteristike kolonija i spora) i analizom DNA-sekvencija molekularnog markera ITS (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2). Najveći broj izoliranih gljiva identificiran je kao vrsta Phomopsis viticola, dok je manji dio izoliranih gljiva pripadao vrstama Diaporthe neotheicola i Diaporthe eres. Za vrstu Diaporthe eres ovo je prvi nalaz na vinovoj lozi u svijetu, a za vrstu Diaporthe neotheicola prvi nalaz u Hrvatskoj. Testovi patogenosti potvrdili su da je Phomopsis viticola izrazito patogena vrsta na vinovoj lozi, dok se vrsta Diaporthe neotheicola pokazala slabim patogenom, a vrsta Diaporthe eres utvrđena je kao srednje jak patogen pa bi mogla imati važniju ulogu u etiologiji GTD-a.
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