Focus on movement data has increased as a consequence of the larger availability of such data due to current GPS, GSM, RFID, and sensors techniques. In parallel, interest in movement has shifted from ...raw movement data analysis to more application-oriented ways of analyzing segments of movement suitable for the specific purposes of the application. This trend has promoted semantically rich trajectories, rather than raw movement, as the core object of interest in mobility studies. This survey provides the definitions of the basic concepts about mobility data, an analysis of the issues in mobility data management, and a survey of the approaches and techniques for: (i) constructing trajectories from movement tracks, (ii) enriching trajectories with semantic information to enable the desired interpretations of movements, and (iii) using data mining to analyze semantic trajectories and extract knowledge about their characteristics, in particular the behavioral patterns of the moving objects. Last but not least, the article surveys the new privacy issues that arise due to the semantic aspects of trajectories.
The COVID-19 pandemic era is causing a relevant issue for the health. There is no specific drug able to antagonize the SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a consequence, there is growing interest about ...potential molecules able to contrast infection. In this regard, HMGB, an alarmin, may play a relevant role in pathogenic mechanisms induced by SARS-CoV-2. As HMGB1 is antagonized by glycyrrhizin, this substance could be potentially useful as ancillary treatment in COVID-19. (
www.actabiomedica.it
)
Capturing the mobility behavior of moving entities from their traces is a prominent theme in mobility data science. Stop@ supports behavior analysis by providing a generic framework for the mining of ...stop-move patterns in spatial trajectories across animal and human mobility scenarios. The framework is built around a stop detection method, successfully used in diverse applications in animal ecology. The method has been recently validated against accurate ground truth stops collected in a museum, proving to be effective and robust, also for the study of human mobility. Stop@ provides a rich set of functionalities to facilitate the stop-move analysis, including the parallel processing of large datasets of trajectories collected outdoor and indoor.
The expansion of primary care and community-based service delivery systems is intended to meet emerging needs, reduce the costs of hospital-based ambulatory care and prevent avoidable hospital use by ...the provision of more appropriate care. Great emphasis has been placed on the role of self-management in the complex process of care of patient with long-term conditions. Several studies have determined that nurses, among the health professionals, are more recommended to promote health and deliver preventive programs within the primary care context. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of the nurse-led self-management support versus usual care evaluating patient outcomes in chronic care community programs. Systematic review was carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science including RCTs of nurse-led self-management support interventions performed to improve observer reported outcomes (OROs) and patients reported outcomes (PROs), with any method of communication exchange or education in a community setting on patients >18 years of age with a diagnosis of chronic diseases or multi-morbidity. Of the 7,279 papers initially retrieved, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure reduction (10 studies-3,881 patients) and HbA1c reduction (7 studies-2,669 patients) were carried-out. The pooled MD were: SBP -3.04 (95% CI -5.01--1.06), DBP -1.42 (95% CI -1.42--0.49) and HbA1c -0.15 (95% CI -0.32-0.01) in favor of the experimental groups. Meta-analyses of subgroups showed, among others, a statistically significant effect if the interventions were delivered to patients with diabetes (SBP) or CVD (DBP), if the nurses were specifically trained, if the studies had a sample size higher than 200 patients and if the allocation concealment was not clearly defined. Effects on other OROs and PROs as well as quality of life remain inconclusive.
Location privacy in mobile, location-aware applications is a prominent research topic spanning across different disciplines and with strong societal implications and expectations. The tumultuous ...growth of the mobile applications market over the past few years has however hindered the development of a systematic organization and classification of location privacy concepts. In this paper we focus on one of the key concepts, i.e.
location privacy metric
. We survey existing approaches to the measurement of location privacy and propose a classification framework. The notion of location privacy metric, however, cannot be fully understood without describing the context in which these metrics are used. To that extent we elaborate on the notions of
application model
and
privacy model
. The ultimate goal is to contribute to the specification of a conceptual framework for location privacy.
The sensors of a context-aware system extract contextual information from the environment and relay that information to higher-level processes of the system so to influence the system’s control ...decisions. However, an adversary can maliciously influence such controls indirectly by manipulating the environment in which the sensors are monitoring, thereby granting privileges the adversary would otherwise not normally have. To address such context monitoring issues, we extend CASSEC by incorporating sentience-like constructs, which enable the emulation of “confidence”, into our proximity-based access control model to grant the system the ability to make more inferable decisions based on the degree of reliability of extracted contextual information. In CASSEC 2.0, we evaluate our confidence constructs by implementing two new authentication mechanisms. Co-proximity authentication employs our time-based challenge-response protocol, which leverages Bluetooth Low Energy beacons as its underlying occupancy detection technology. Biometric authentication relies on the accelerometer and fingerprint sensors to measure behavioral and physiological user features to prevent unauthorized users from using an authorized user’s device. We provide a feasibility study demonstrating how confidence constructs can improve the decision engine of context-aware access control systems.
Segmentation techniques partition a sequence of data points into a series of disjoint subsequences—segments—based on some criteria. Depending on the context and the nature of data themselves, ...segments return an approximate representation. The final result is a summarized representation of the sequence. This intuitive mechanism has been extensively studied, for example, for the summarization of time series in order to preserve the ‘shape’ of the sequence while omitting irrelevant details. This survey focuses on the use of segmentation methods for extracting behavioral information from individual mobility data, in particular from spatial trajectories. Such information can then be given a compact representation in the form of summarized trajectories, e.g., semantic trajectories and symbolic trajectories. Two major streams of research are discussed, spanning computational geometry and data mining respectively, that are emblematic of the multiplicity of views. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1214. doi: 10.1002/widm.1214
This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Spatio‐temporal representation of the trajectory of a wild animal. The color gradient highlights the evolution in time of the movement.
A conceptual view on trajectories Spaccapietra, Stefano; Parent, Christine; Damiani, Maria Luisa ...
Data & knowledge engineering,
04/2008, Volume:
65, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Analysis of trajectory data is the key to a growing number of applications aiming at global understanding and management of complex phenomena that involve moving objects (e.g. worldwide courier ...distribution, city traffic management, bird migration monitoring). Current DBMS support for such data is limited to the ability to store and query raw movement (i.e. the spatio-temporal position of an object). This paper explores how conceptual modeling could provide applications with direct support of trajectories (i.e. movement data that is structured into countable semantic units) as a first class concept. A specific concern is to allow enriching trajectories with semantic annotations allowing users to attach semantic data to specific parts of the trajectory. Building on a preliminary requirement analysis and an application example, the paper proposes two modeling approaches, one based on a design pattern, the other based on dedicated data types, and illustrates their differences in terms of implementation in an extended-relational context.
Abnormal glycolytic metabolism contributes to angiogenic sprouting involved in atherogenesis. We investigated the potential anti-angiogenic properties of specific ...6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3) inhibitors in endothelial cells (ECs). ECs were treated with PFKFB3 inhibitors (named PA-1 and PA-2) and their effects on metabolic and functional characteristics of ECs were investigated. The anti-glycolytic compound 3-(pyridinyl)− 1-(4-pyridinyl)− 2-propen-1-one (3PO) was used as reference compound. PFKFB3 expression and activity (IC50 about 3–21 nM) was inhibited upon treatment with both compounds. Glucose uptake and lactate export were measured using commercial assays and showed a partial reduction up to 40%. PFKFB3 inhibition increased intracellular lactate accumulation, and reduced expression of monocarboxylate transporters-1 (MCT1) and MCT4. Furthermore, endothelial cell migration and proliferation assays demonstrated significant reduction upon treatment with both compounds. Matrix- metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, measured by gelatin zymography, and expression was significantly reduced (up to 25%). In addition, PA compounds downregulated the expression of VCAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGFa, VEGFR2, TGF-β, and IL-1β, in inflamed ECs. Finally, PA-1 and PA-2 treatment impaired the formation of angiogenic sprouts measured by both morphogenesis and spheroid-based angiogenesis assays. Our data demonstrate that the anti-glycolytic PA compounds may affect several steps involved in angiogenesis. Targeting the key glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3 might represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of cancer treatments, or to be applied in other pathologies where angiogenesis is a detrimental factor.
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Aims
To identify the main diagnostic features of SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients at the time of hospitalisation and their prevalence.
Background
Since the COVID‐19 outbreak in China in December of 2019, ...several studies attempted to identify the epidemiological, viral and clinical characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2. Given the rapid widespread transmission of the COVID‐19 disease worldwide, a more comprehensive and up‐to‐date understanding of its features is needed to better inform nurses, clinicians and public health policy makers.
Methods
A rapid review and meta‐analysis were carried out to identify the main diagnostic features of SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients at the time of hospitalisation. All case series, cross‐sectional, case–control and cohort studies published from 01/01/2020 till 30/06/2020 in English and Chinese that stated all or at least two of the outcomes of interest (clinical features, laboratory and radiological findings) were included. We performed a random‐effects model meta‐analysis to calculate pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals. Conduction of the review adheres to the PRISMA checklist.
Results
21 studies involving 8837 patients were included in the quantitative synthesis. Fever, cough and fatigue were the most common clinical features, while the most relevant laboratory abnormalities at the time of hospitalisation were lymphopenia, elevated C‐reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase. CT images showed a bilateral lung involvement, with ground glass infiltrates and patchy shadows on most patients.
Conclusion
This review provides an up‐to‐date synthesis of main diagnostic features of SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients at the time of hospitalisation.
Relevance to Clinical Practice
Our findings could provide guidance for nurses and clinicians to early identification of positive patients at the time of the hospitalisation through a complete definition of main clinical features, laboratory and CT findings.
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