PurposeThis article offers a perspective on the evolution of strategic planning and strategic planning's implementation, particularly within the context of family business. This paper is structured ...into three sections: Introduction, literature review (LR), conclusion and practical and theoretical implications. The LR critically examines traditional planning tools and highlights the need for adopting new digital concepts to enhance effectiveness and resource management in family business.Design/methodology/approachThe author employed a LR to synthesize all the information and to identify the authors/articles related to the object of study.FindingsThe use of technology to overcome strategic planning pitfalls and leverage emerging technologies while making data-driven decisions is a key factor for family businesses to stay ahead of the curve and achieve sustainable growth.Originality/valueThis study explores the historical development of strategic planning tools and discusses the transformative impact of technology on the traditional landscape, with a specific focus on strategic planning's reflection in family businesses.
Having a fruitful relationship with all levels of management can increase the likelihood of better opportunities within and outside the organization. In some environments, it is known that ...participation in strategic planning creates better overall conditions for all partners, better conditions for retention, and above all, loyalty to talent. The very acceptance of contributions to this desideratum entails knowledge sharing and knowledge management. Our study examines how the relationship between management levels can disrupt strategic planning, particularly in contexts of resistance to change, situations that can affect talent retention and loyalty. Gathering the essential data to enhance the recommendations and contributions, the organization’s overall robustness takes shape through a combination of participant and nonparticipant observation, alongside interviews and questionnaires administered within the company. Initially, a qualitative approach was employed, involving interviews with a cohort of n = 14 top management executives. Subsequently, a qualitative method was employed, involving questionnaires distributed to a group of n = 204 individuals encompassing middle and lower management levels. Our conclusions, therefore, reflect the continuation of a research study. This paper contributes to the literature of work pursued by exploring how social actors and different stakeholders can make a difference in participating in strategic planning and how they can overcome, in counterpoint, the limitations of possibly not being able to participate in such strategic planning. Our contribution will also result in a critical understanding of the need for talent retention and loyalty, highlighting how retention efforts, especially the small nudges that are absolutely significant in terms of employee participation and even emotional pay purposes, are differentiators and can overcome, very concretely, resistance to change.
This article investigates the interactional relevance of weak cesuras in multimodal transitions in enactments. Previous research has pointed out that enactments are multimodally accomplished ...phenomena in that they do not only consist of a quotation but usually involve changes in prosody and bodily conduct, too. Furthermore, it has been noted that an upcoming quotation may be projected in the preceding talk by phonetic cues. There is, however, little research on the precise multimodal realization of such transitions and their possible interactional relevance. Taking this as a starting point, we analyze a collection of co-enactments. Firstly, we show that quotations are projected not only by phonetic but also bodily cues, which often build up gradually in the preceding talk. These smooth transitions into enactment are analyzed as “cesural areas.” Secondly, we argue that such cesural areas and the cumulation of multimodal projections open up an opportunity space in the sense of Lerner (1991), whereby a joint enactment involving co-participants, i.e., a co-enactment, is possible. Thirdly, we show that participants jointly develop the meaning of the enactment in this space, mutually taking up and elaborating on their prior contributions. The data is taken from a corpus of collaborative storytellings in German.
Organizations are continuously pushed to be more competitive, with a broader strategic planning framework that deals with sustainable dilemmas and creates new demands for inclusion. This study aims ...to investigate the relationship between environmental responsibility and workforce retention, as well as the role of environmental responsibility in strategic planning. The findings of this research will contribute to a greater understanding of how social responsibility can improve employee retention and lead to a more efficient and effective outcome. Using a quantitative method, we surveyed n = 311 respondents and conducted a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases to gather relevant information on the topic. The findings of this study will provide insights into how social responsibility can improve employee retention and enhance organizational efficiency and effectiveness. The results address the value of implementing environmental guidelines in strategic planning, the contribution of top management, and pro-environmental policies with the intention to apply them, and encourage the sharing of knowledge and best practices.
Hypoxia elevates splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) with differential effects during inspiration and expiration by
unresolved central mechanisms. We examined the hypothesis that ...cardiovascular-related neurones in the caudal ventrolateral
medulla (CVLM) contribute to the complex sympathetic response to hypoxia. In chloralose-anaesthetized, ventilated, vagotomized
rats, acute hypoxia (10% O 2 , 60 s) evoked an increase in SNA (103 ± 12%) that was characterized by a decrease in activity during early inspiration followed
by a prominent rise during expiration. Some recorded baro-activated CVLM neurones ( n = 13) were activated by hypoxia, and most of these neurones displayed peak activity during inspiration that was enhanced
during hypoxia. In contrast, other baro-activated CVLM neurones were inhibited during hypoxia ( n = 6), and most of these neurones showed peak activity during expiration prior to the onset of hypoxia. Microinjection of
the glutamate antagonist kynurenate into the CVLM eliminated the respiratory-related fluctuations in SNA during hypoxia and
exaggerated the magnitude of the sympathetic response. In contrast, microinjection of a GABA A antagonist (bicuculline or gabazine) into the CVLM dramatically attenuated the sympathetic response to hypoxia. These data
suggest the response to hypoxia in baro-activated CVLM neurones is related to their basal pattern of respiratory-related activity,
and changes in the activity of these neurones is consistent with a contribution to the respiratory-related sympathetic responses
to hypoxia. Furthermore, both glutamate and GABA in the CVLM contribute to the complex sympathetic response to acute hypoxia.
Abstract only
Introduction
Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is a common cause of stroke in the young and carries a high risk of early recurrence. Traditionally, the treatment consisted of ...antithrombotic therapy for at least 3months. There is mixed evidence on whether antiplatelet therapy is as effective as anticoagulation in such patients, and prior studies are limited by small sample size due to the low incidence of CAD, as well as not investigating more modern treatment regimens such as direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and increasingly utilized dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) strategies. The Anti‐Thrombotic Therapy for Stroke Prevention in Cervical Artery Dissection (STOP‐CAD)studyaims to compare the safety and effectiveness of different antithrombotic regimens in patients with acute spontaneous CAD. We hypothesize thatdual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) followed by a single agent has comparable safety and efficacy to anticoagulation in patients with CAD.
Methods
STOP‐CAD is amulticenter cross‐sectional international retrospective study.All patientsaged 18–89 years with imaging‐confirmed diagnosis of non‐traumatic CAD treated with antithrombotic therapy will be included. Imaging diagnosis will be adjudicated by the principal investigator from each individual site. Patients present with CAD in the setting of major trauma will be excluded. Baseline demographics, clinical, laboratory and imaging information will becollected. Outcomes include subsequent ischemic stroke, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, major hemorrhage, recanalization status, and death within 180 days. We will compare the clinical outcomes between antiplatelet and anticoagulation groups using Cox regression models, and the radiographic outcomes across the two groups using logistic regression models. We will use inverse probability of treatment weighting and adjust for prespecified variable as well as variables that differ between the two groups. We will use propensity score matching with and without replacement for the outcome analyses.
Results
Currently at least 40 international sites have agreed to contribute to this study. Multiple sites have already started the data input process, and more have started the IRB process. We expect the data collection to be completed by the end of December 2022, and the data analysis to be completed by the end of June 2023.
Conclusions
STOP‐CAD will provide real world data comparing the safety and efficacy of DAPT vs. anticoagulation in patients with cervical artery dissection. In addition, multiple sub‐studies will be conducted using the same database on topics such as efficacy of interventional treatment and predictors of poor outcomes.
The sympathetic nerves that maintain blood pressure are modulated by the central respiratory generator. Neurones in the rostral
ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) that drive this sympathetic nerve activity ...(SNA) also display central respiratory drive (CRD)-related
activity, suggesting integration of respiratory and cardiovascular regulatory systems within the brainstem. Whether CRD-related
activity in the RVLM is due to direct inputs from central respiratory neurones or modulation of cardiovascular-related neurones
that influence the RVLM is not known. The caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) contains GABAergic neurones that tonically inhibit
presympathetic RVLM neurones and are essential for the production of numerous cardiovascular reflexes. The present study sought
to determine whether cardiovascular-related GABAergic neurones in the CVLM display CRD-related activity. The firing patterns
of individual barosensitive CVLM neurones were examined in relation to phrenic nerve activity in chloralose-anaesthetized,
ventilated, neuromuscularly blocked, vagotomized rats. Histograms of phrenic-triggered CVLM neuronal activity showed that
all baro-activated CVLM neurones displayed one of four patterns of CRD-related activity: (i) inspiratory peak ( n = 15), (ii) inspiratory depression ( n = 15), (iii) inspiratory peak with postinspiratory depression ( n = 10), and (iv) postinspiratory peak ( n = 9). A subset of each type of CVLM neurone was identified as GABAergic by individually filling the recorded neurone with
biotinamide and observing expression of GAD67 mRNA by in situ hybridization ( n = 10). These data suggest that the activity of GABAergic neurones in the CVLM is regulated by cardiovascular and respiratory
inputs, and baro-activated GABAergic CVLM neurones may contribute to CRD-related modulation of presympathetic RVLM neurones
and SNA.
This study reports on current child sleep difficulties reported by parents of children with Fragile X syndrome (FXS). We address prevalence and type of sleep problems (e.g., difficulty falling ...asleep, frequent awakenings); type and effectiveness of medical and behavioral treatments (e.g., medication, surgery, environmental changes); and explore specific child and family characteristics (e.g., child age, child gender, co-occurring conditions) as possible predictors of child sleep difficulties.
This study is part of a larger survey addressing needs of families with children with FXS. This article focuses on the families who responded to the survey sleep questions, had one or more children with the full mutation FXS, and who reside in the United States. The mean age for male and female children in this group was 15 years and 16 years respectively (N=1295).
Parents reported that 32% of the children with FXS currently experience sleep difficulties; 84% of those children are reported to have > or =2 current sleep problems. Problems falling asleep and frequent night awakenings were the most frequently reported difficulties; 47% of males and 40% of females received > or =1 medication to help with sleep. Children with more problematic health or behavioral characteristics had a higher likelihood of having current sleep problems.
Our survey provides the most representative sample to date of sleep problems in children with FXS or any other neurodevelopmental disability. This large scale survey establishes a foundation for the prevalence of sleep disorders in children with FXS.
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