Los cultivos agrícolas y pasturas en monocultivo frecuentemente comprometen servicios ecosistémicos por la pérdida de suelos y biodiversidad. Como alternativa en la producción ganadera se han ...propuesto los sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP); sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que demuestren los beneficios de estos sobre la salud del suelo. Este estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar el efecto de diferentes usos de la tierra sobre la salud del suelo medida a través de indicadores químicos. Para tal fin, se usaron parcelas con al menos 19 años bajo los siguientes usos: (i) cultivo intensivo de maíz (Zea mays), (ii) pastura mixta de gramíneas (Megathyrsus maximus + Dichantium aristatum), (iii) SSP con pastos + arbustos (Cresentia cujete y Leucaena leucocephala), (iv) SSP multiestrato con los mismos pastos + leñosas de uso forrajero (Cassia grandis, Albizia saman y Guazuma ulmifolia) y (v) bosque secundario de restauración como referencia. Las evaluaciones se hicieron en épocas contrastantes (seca y lluviosa), en suelos del Valle medio del rio Sinú (Colombia), con gradiente de drenaje. En general, los suelos de los SSP presentaron los más altos indicadores químicos: MOS, N total, Mg, B, N-NO3 y CICE; la pastura de solo gramíneas presentó los mayores valores en micronutrientes: Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn y S, y NH4 y valores más bajos de pH, P, y NO3 y más altos de Al. El bosque secundario presentó valores intermedios para todos los indicadores, mientras que los suelos con maíz presentaron los indicadores químicos más pobres. Se concluye que los SSP mejoran los indicadores químicos de salud del suelo en comparación a la pastura de solo gramíneas y el monocultivo de maíz.
CPT Symmetry Test at KLOE-2 De Lucia, E
Journal of physics. Conference series,
04/2020, Volume:
1526, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The entanglement in the neutral kaon pairs produced at the DAΦNE ϕ-factory is a unique tool to test discrete symmetries and quantum coherence at the utmost sensitivity, in particular strongly ...motivating the experimental searches of possible CPT violating effects, which would unambiguously signal New Physics. KLOE and KLOE-2 data sets with about 2.4×1010 ϕ-meson produced represent the largest sample ever collected at the ϕ-meson peak. The lepton charge asymmetry measured in KS semileptonic decays with 1.7 fb−1 of KLOE data, improving the statistical uncertainty of present result by about a factor two, has been presented together with the test of CPT in transitions in ϕ → KSKL → π±e∓ν, 3π0 and KSKL → π+π−, π±e∓ν decays.
Aims
Tacrolimus is a critical dose drug and to avoid under‐ and overexposure, therapeutic drug monitoring is standard practice. However, rejection and drug‐related toxicity occur despite whole‐blood ...tacrolimus pre‐dose concentrations (Tacblood) being on target. Monitoring tacrolimus concentrations at the target site (within peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Taccells) may better correlate with drug‐efficacy. The aim of this study was to (1) investigate the relationship between Tacblood and Taccells, (2) identify factors affecting the tacrolimus distribution in cells and whole‐blood, and (3) study the relationship between Taccells and clinical outcomes after kidney transplantation.
Methods
A total of 175 renal transplant recipients were prospectively followed. Tacblood and Taccells were determined at Months 3, 6 and 12 post‐transplantation. Patients were genotyped for ABCB1 1199G>A and 3435C>T, CYP3A4 15389C>T, and CYP3A5 6986G>A. Data on rejection and tacrolimus‐related nephrotoxicity and post‐transplant diabetes mellitus were collected.
Results
Correlations between Tacblood and Taccells were moderate to poor (Spearman's r = 0.31; r = 0.41; r = 0.61 at Months 3, 6 and 12, respectively). The Taccells/Tacblood ratio was stable over time in most patients (median intra‐patient variability 39.0%; range 3.5%–173.2%). Age, albumin and haematocrit correlated with the Taccells/Tacblood ratio. CYP3A5 and CYP3A4 genotype combined affected both dose‐corrected Tacblood and Taccells. ABCB1 was not significantly related to tacrolimus distribution. Neither Tacblood nor Taccells correlated with clinical outcomes.
Conclusions
The correlation between Tacblood and Taccells is poor. Age, albumin and haematocrit correlate with the Taccells/Tacblood ratio, whereas genetic variation in ABCB1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 do not. Neither Tacblood nor Taccells correlated with clinical outcomes.
Several studies have reported on associations of size at birth and early growth with general and central obesity; however, few have examined the potential effects of birth weight and postnatal growth ...on separate abdominal fat compartments. We investigated the effects of size at birth, linear growth and relative weight gain from birth to adulthood on visceral (VFT) and subcutaneous abdominal (SAFT) fat thicknesses at age 30 years.
A total of 2663 participants from the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study had complete information on ultrasound measures of abdominal fat at age 30 years, and anthropometric measurements for at least five visits (0/2/4/23/30 years). We estimated weight and height Z-score changes, conditional relative weight gain and conditional height at several ages.
In both men and women, VFT and SAFT showed positive associations with conditional relative weight gain during all age periods beyond 2 years and birth, respectively (all P⩽0.01). Women born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) had greater VFT than other women (difference=0.15 s.d., 95% CI: 0.01-0.29), and they showed a stronger positive influence of infant weight gain 0-2 years on VFT (IUGR: β=0.17 s.d., 95% CI: 0.05-0.29; non-IUGR: β=0.01 s.d., 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.06; Pinteraction=0.02). Stunting at 2 years was associated with lower SAFT but not VFT, and it modified the influence of weight gain 2-4 years on SAFT in both sexes (both Pinteraction<0.05).
Our findings reinforce the advantages of being born with an appropriate birth weight, and the hazards of rapid postnatal gains in weight relative to linear growth, particularly after the critical window of the first 1000 days.
El considerar a Cygnus melanocoryphus como un herbívoro generalista que se alimenta de las algas y pastos marinos más abundantes en los humedales - entre ellos los costeros - que habita, permite ...suponer la existencia de interacciones aún no reportadas entre esta ave acuática y los cultivadores de algas marinas del sur de Chile, por ello el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la alimentación de C. melanocoryphus en un humedal marino del sur de Chile, en donde tradicionalmente se ha realizado el cultivo del alga pelillo (Gracillaria chilensis). El trabajo se desarrolló durante el invierno de 2011 en el humedal marino de bahía Caulín (41º49’S; 73º38’O), en isla grande de Chiloé, sur de Chile. C. melanocoryphus destinó la mayor parte de su tiempo a la alimentación, observándose en esta ave una conducta alimenticia de herbívoro selectivo hacia el consumo no estricto pero preferente del alga Ulva taeniata. El ciclo de marea afectó la distribución espacial de C. melanocoryphus; durante los períodos de marea baja éstos se concentraron en la zona intermareal alimentándose de las frondas de U. taeniata retenidas o asentadas en los sistemas de cultivo de G. chilensis. Mientras que durante los períodos de marea alta C. melanocoryphus ingresó a la zona supramareal siguiendo las frondas de U. taeniata en la deriva de las corrientes, observándolos alimentarse también de los pastos salados (Distichlis spicata y Selliera radicans) dominantes en la zona estuarina (fuera del agua). El conocimiento obtenido permite proponer la hipótesis de un servicio ambiental brindado por C. melanocoryphus a los algueros del humedal, mediante la remoción del alga U. taeniata desde los sistemas de cultivo de G. chilensis liberando su competencia por sustrato y luz para crecer.
Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) electro-oxidation by commercial DSA® and commercial DSA® modified by platinum electrodeposition was evaluated. The electrodeposition was carried out at constant ...potential (
E
= − 0.73 V vs RHE) in different times (1200, 2400, and 4800 s). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that Pt electrodeposits have elongated shape particle forming a uniform surface, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data confirms the presence of Pt on the surface. The electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetry showed an increase of the electrochemically active area (
E
AA
) in function of the Pt electrodeposition time. The electro-oxidation of the TCH 0.45 mmol L
−1
in H
2
SO
4
0.1 mol L
−1
solution was evaluated according to the applied current densities (
j
= 25, 50, 100 mA cm
−2
). Both the amount of platinum deposited and
j
showed a slight improvement in the efficiency of TCH removal, reaching 97.2% of TCH removal to DSA®/Pt
4800
and 100 mA cm
−2
. The TCH mineralization (TOC removal), the percentage of mineralization current efficiency (MCE%), and energy consumption were 15.8%, 0.2649%, and 7.4138 kWh (g TOC)
−1
, respectively. The DSA®/Pt electrodes showed higher stability to TCH electro-oxidation, indicating to be a promising material for the electro-oxidation of organic pollutants.
Body mass index (BMI) is a surrogate measure of adiposity but does not distinguish fat from lean or bone mass. The genetic determinants of BMI are thought to predominantly influence adiposity but ...this has not been confirmed. Here we characterise the association between BMI-related genetic variants and body composition in adults.
Among 9667 adults aged 29-64 years from the Fenland study, a genetic risk score for BMI (BMI-GRS) was calculated for each individual as the weighted sum of BMI-increasing alleles across 96 reported BMI-related variants. Associations between the BMI-GRS and body composition, estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, were examined using age-adjusted linear regression models, separately by sex.
The BMI-GRS was positively associated with all fat, lean and bone variables. Across body regions, associations of the greatest magnitude were observed for adiposity variables, for example, for each s.d. increase in BMI-GRS predicted BMI, we observed a 0.90 s.d. (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71, 1.09) increase in total fat mass for men (P=3.75 × 10
) and a 0.96 s.d. (95% CI: 0.77, 1.16) increase for women (P=6.12 × 10
). Associations of intermediate magnitude were observed with lean variables, for example, total lean mass: men: 0.68 s.d. (95% CI: 0.49, 0.86; P=1.91 × 10
); women: 0.85 s.d. (95% CI: 0.65, 1.04; P=2.66 × 10
) and of a lower magnitude with bone variables, for example, total bone mass: men: 0.39 s.d. (95% CI: 0.20, 0.58; P=5.69 × 10
); women: 0.45 s.d. (95% CI: 0.26, 0.65; P=3.96 × 10
). Nominally significant associations with BMI were observed for 28 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. All 28 were positively associated with fat mass and 13 showed adipose-specific effects.
In adults, genetic susceptibility to elevated BMI influences adiposity more than lean or bone mass. This mirrors the association between BMI and body composition. The BMI-GRS can be used to model the effects of measured BMI and adiposity on health and other outcomes.
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