Front-line nurse managers provide direct oversight of healthcare delivery to ensure organizational expectations are implemented to achieve optimal patient and staff outcomes. Ensuring the job ...satisfaction of front-line nurse managers is key to retaining these individuals in their roles. Understanding factors influencing job satisfaction of nurse managers can support the development and implementation of strategies to enhance job satisfaction and sustain retention.
We aimed to systematically review the empirical literature measuring determinants of job satisfaction among nurse managers.
We conducted a systematic review using 11 electronic databases.
Electronic databases included ABI Inform, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, Health Source Nursing, Medline, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PsychINFO, and LILACS.
We included research articles that examined the determinants of job satisfaction for front-line nurse managers. Two research team members independently reviewed and determined inclusion of each study. Each study was appraised independently for quality by two team members. Data extraction was completed for included studies. Content analysis was used to categorize factors associated with job satisfaction of nurse managers.
A total of 5608 articles were screened for inclusion or exclusion. Thirty-eight studies were included. One hundred and one factors influencing nurse manager job satisfaction were reported in the included studies. Factors were grouped into three main categories: job characteristics, organizational characteristics, and personal characteristics. Most factors were examined in single studies or their relationship with job satisfaction was equivocal. However, across these categories, findings included significant positive relationships between autonomy, power, social support among team members and job satisfaction of front-line nurse managers. A significant negative relationship between job stress and nurse manager job satisfaction was indicated in the findings.
Promoting autonomy, power to make decisions for change, social support, team cohesion, and strategies to reduce job stress may improve job satisfaction of front-line nurse managers. Innovative solutions such as co-management and targeted administrative and electronic resources warrant further investigation. Promoting prosocial group behaviours, team building, coaching and the implementation of wellness programs may improve social support, team cohesion, and wellbeing. Examining factors of nurse managers job satisfaction beyond the acute care setting could provide further insights into the role that the practice environment plays in nurse manager job satisfaction.
Promoting autonomy, power to effect decisions for change, social support, team cohesion, and strategies to reduce job stress are important drivers of job satisfaction of front-line managers.
Detrimental associations of sedentary behaviour (time spent sitting) with musculoskeletal pain (MSP) conditions have been observed. However, findings on those with, or at risk of, type 2 diabetes ...(T2D) have not been reported. We examined the linear and non-linear associations of device-measured daily sitting time with MSP outcomes according to glucose metabolism status (GMS).
Cross-sectional data from 2827 participants aged 40-75 years in the Maastricht Study (1728 with normal glucose metabolism (NGM); 441 with prediabetes; 658 with T2D), for whom valid data were available on activPAL-derived daily sitting time, MSP neck, shoulder, low back, and knee pain, and GMS. Associations were examined by logistic regression analyses, adjusted serially for relevant confounders, including moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and body mass index (BMI). Restricted cubic splines were used to further examine non-linear relationships.
The fully adjusted model (including BMI, MVPA, and history of cardiovascular disease) showed daily sitting time to be significantly associated with knee pain in the overall sample (OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01-1.12) and in those with T2D (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.00-1.22); this was not statistically significant in those with prediabetes (OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.91-1.18) or NGM (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.98-1.13). There were no statistically significant associations between daily sitting time and neck, shoulder, or low back pain in any of the models. Furthermore, the non-linear relationships were statistically non-significant.
Among middle-aged and older adults with T2D, daily sitting time was significantly associated with higher odds of knee pain, but not with neck, shoulder, or low back pain. No significant association was observed in those without T2D for neck, shoulder, low back, or knee pain. Future studies, preferably those utilising prospective designs, could examine additional attributes of daily sitting (e.g., sitting bouts and domain-specific sitting time) and the potential relationships of knee pain with mobility limitations.
Tests of lepton flavour universality in
B
decays offer an excellent opportunity to test the Standard Model, and show hints of new physics in analyses performed by the LHCb, Belle and BaBar ...experiments. Several theoretical models proposed to explain possible violation of lepton flavour universality claim a connection with lepton flavour violation in
B
decays. These proceedings review the experimental status of the tests of lepton flavour universality and the searches of lepton flavour violation in
B
decays.
Purpose: Behavior and temperament (e.g., emotional reactivity, self-regulation) have been considered relevant to stuttering and its developmental course, but the direction of this relation is still ...unknown. Knowledge of behavior difficulties and temperament in childhood stuttering can improve screening and intervention. The current study examined both directions of the relationship between stuttering and behavior difficulties and temperament and between persistent stuttering and behavior difficulties and temperament across childhood. Method: This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort from fetal life onward in the Netherlands. We analyzed data from 145 children (4.2%) with a history of stuttering (118 recovered, 27 persistent) and 3,276 children without such a history. Behavior and temperament were repeatedly assessed using parental questionnaires (Child Behavior Checklist) and Infant/Child Behavior Questionnaire between 0.5 and 9 years of age. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Six-month-old children who were less able to "recover from distress," indicating poor self-regulation, were more likely to develop persistent stuttering later in childhood (odds ratio = 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 4.05, p = 0.04). In the opposite direction, children with a history of stuttering showed more negative affectivity (beta = 0.19, 95% CI 0.02, 0.37, p = 0.03) at 6 years of age than children without such a history. Stuttering persistence was associated with increased internalizing behaviors (beta = 0.38, 95% CI 0.03, 0.74, p = 0.04) and higher emotional reactivity (beta = 0.53, 95% CI 0.09, 0.89, p = 0.02) at the age of 9 years. Conclusions: Behavior and temperament were associated with stuttering persistency--seemingly as both predictor and consequence--but did not predict a history of stuttering. We suggest that children who persist in stuttering should be carefully monitored, and if behavioral or temperamental problems appear, treatment for these problems should be offered.
Malignant brain tumors including glioblastoma are incurable cancers. Over the last years a number of promising novel treatment approaches have been investigated including the application of ...inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream targets, immune-based therapies and anti-angiogenic agents. Unfortunately so far the major clinical trials in glioblastoma patients did not deliver clear clinical benefits. Systemic brain tumor therapy is seriously hampered by poor drug delivery to the brain. Although in glioblastoma, the blood brain barrier is disrupted in the tumor core, the major part of the tumor is largely protected by an intact blood brain barrier. Active cytotoxic compounds encapsulated into liposomes, micelles, and nanoparticles constitute novel treatment options because they can be designed to facilitate entry into the brain parenchyma. In the case of biological therapeutics, encapsulation of therapeutic cells and their implantation into the surgical cavity represents another promising approach. This technology provides long term release of the active compound at the tumor site and reduces side effects associated with systemic delivery. The proof of principle of encapsulated cell factories has been successfully demonstrated in experimental animal models and should pave the way for clinical application. Here we review the challenges associated with the treatment of brain tumors and the different encapsulation options available for drugs and living cells, with an emphasis on alginate based cell encapsulation technology.
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Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Reperfusion is considered as an optimal therapy following cardiac ischemia. However, the promotion of a rapid elevation of O
levels ...in ischemic cells produces high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to myocardial tissue injury. This phenomenon is called ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). We aimed at identifying new and effective compounds to treat MI and minimize IRI. We previously studied heart regeneration following myocardial injury in zebrafish and described each step of the regeneration process, from the day of injury until complete recovery, in terms of transcriptional responses. Here, we mined the data and performed a deep in silico analysis to identify drugs highly likely to induce cardiac regeneration. Fisetin was identified as the top candidate. We validated its effects in an in vitro model of MI/IRI in mammalian cardiac cells. Fisetin enhances viability of rat cardiomyocytes following hypoxia/starvation - reoxygenation. It inhibits apoptosis, decreases ROS generation and caspase activation and protects from DNA damage. Interestingly, fisetin also activates genes involved in cell proliferation. Fisetin is thus a highly promising candidate drug with clinical potential to protect from ischemic damage following MI and to overcome IRI.
Autophagy is the major mechanism involved in degradation and recycling of intracellular components, and its alterations have been proposed to cause beta cell dysfunction. In this study, we explored ...the effects of autophagy modulation in human islets under conditions associated to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Human pancreatic islets were isolated by enzymatic digestion and density gradient purification from pancreatic samples of non-diabetic (ND;
= 17; age 65 ± 21 years; gender: 5 M/12 F; BMI 23.4 ± 3.3 kg/m
) and T2D (
= 9; age 76 ± 6 years; 4 M/5 F; gender: BMI 25.4 ± 3.7 kg/m
) organ donors. Nine ND organ donors were treated for hypertension and 1 for both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. T2D organ donors were treated with metformin (1), oral hypoglycemic agents (2), diet + oral hypoglycemic agents (3), insulin (3) or insulin plus metformin (3) as for antidiabetic therapy and, of these, 3 were treated also for hypertension and 6 for both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Two days after isolation, they were cultured for 1-5 days with 10 ng/ml rapamycin (autophagy inducer), 5 mM 3-methyladenine or 1.0 nM concanamycin-A (autophagy blockers), either in the presence or not of metabolic (0.5 mM palmitate) or chemical (0.1 ng/ml brefeldin A) ER stressors. In ND islets palmitate exposure induced a 4 to 5-fold increase of beta cell apoptosis, which was significantly prevented by rapamycin and exacerbated by 3-MA. Similar results were observed with brefeldin treatment. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from ND islets was reduced by palmitate (-40 to 50%) and brefeldin (-60 to 70%), and rapamycin counteracted palmitate, but not brefeldin, cytotoxic actions. Both palmitate and brefeldin induced PERK, CHOP and BiP gene expression, which was partially, but significantly prevented by rapamycin. With T2D islets, rapamycin alone reduced the amount of p62, an autophagy receptor that accumulates in cells when macroautophagy is inhibited. Compared to untreated T2D cells, rapamycin-exposed diabetic islets showed improved insulin secretion, reduced proportion of beta cells showing signs of apoptosis and better preserved insulin granules, mitochondria and ER ultrastructure; this was associated with significant reduction of PERK, CHOP and BiP gene expression. This study emphasizes the importance of autophagy modulation in human beta cell function and survival, particularly in situations of ER stress. Tuning autophagy could be a tool for beta cell protection.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic disease that disproportionally affects disadvantaged groups. People with a low socioeconomic position (SEP) have increased risk of T2DM and people ...with a low SEP and T2DM have higher HbA
-levels compared to people with T2DM and high SEP. The aim of this study is to analyze longitudinal socioeconomic differences in health-related functioning in people with T2DM.
Longitudinal data from 1,537 participants of The Maastricht Study with T2DM were used (32.6% female, mean (SD) age 62.9 (7.7) years). SEP was determined by baseline measures of education, occupation and income. Health-related functioning (physical, mental and social) was measured with the Short-Form Health Survey and the Impact on Participation and Autonomy survey (all scored from 0 to 100). Associations of SEP and health-related functioning were studied annually over a 10-year period (median (IQR) 7.0 (5.0) years, baseline 2010-2018) using linear mixed methods adjusting for demographics, HbA
-levels and lifestyle factors.
Participants with a low SEP had significantly worse health-related functioning compared to those with a high SEP. For example, participants with low income had lower scores for physical (-4.49CI -5.77;-3.21), mental (-2.61-3.78,-1.44) and social functioning (-9.76-12.30;-7.23) compared to participants with high income on a scale from 0 to 100. In addition, participants with a low education significantly declined more over time in mental (score for interaction education with time - 0.23-0.37;-0.09) and social functioning (-0.44-0.77;-0.11) compared to participants with high education. Participants with low and intermediate incomes significantly declined more over time in physical functioning (-0.17 -0.34, -0.01 and - 0.18 -0.36, 0.00) compared to participants with high income.
Among people with T2DM, those with a lower SEP had worse health-related functioning in general than people with a higher SEP. Additionally, people with T2DM and low education developed poorer mental and social functioning over time compared to people with T2DM and high education. People with T2DM and low or intermediate income declined more in physical functioning over time than those with high incomes. In addition to HbA
-levels and lifestyle patterns, more attention is needed for socioeconomic differences in health-related functioning for people living with T2DM.
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