Enhancing the performance of saturable absorbers (SAs) crafted from two-dimensional (2D) narrow-bandgap materials is crucial for their use in ~ 2.0 µm pulse laser applications. In this context, a ...high-quality TaSe
2
SA was successfully fabricated by mechanical exfoliation. The TaSe
2
SA exhibited saturable absorption characteristics at around 2.0 μm, with a modulation depth of 7.1% and an unsaturated loss of 3.1%. Utilizing this newly fabricated SA, a passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser operating near 2.0 μm was achieved. At the highest absorbed pump power of 5.58 W, the laser produced a maximum average output power of 1.34 W, with a pulse width measuring 550 ns at 89 kHz. This performance translates to a peak single pulse energy of 15.0 μJ and a maximum peak power of 27.27 W.
In this paper, we demonstrate a SESAM mode-locked Tm:CaYLuAlO
4
(
a
-cut) laser in the 2-μm spectral range. A birefringent filter (BF) is employed to shift the emission wavelength above 2 μm to ...support the stable mode locking through avoiding the structured water vapor absorption. Pulses as short as 288 fs are generated with a central wavelength of 2037 nm and an average power of 166 mW at a repetition rate of ~ 77.6 MHz. Moreover, wavelength tunable femtosecond laser with a tuning range from 2031.8 to 2081.1 nm is realized simply by rotating the birefringent filter around its surface normal. This work experimentally shows that birefringent filter is a simple and low-cost way to support the stable mode locking of Tm-bulk femtosecond lasers with an emission peak in the water vapor absorption region.
With the increasing complexity of industrial processes, many practical industrial processes have multimodal characteristics to meet production requirements. In addition to stable modes with different ...operating points, transition modes are also generated when mode switching occurs. To monitor the running state of the process in real-time, it is necessary to carry out online multimodal identification. At present, how to accurately identify the transition modes and unknown modes is still an open problem. In this paper, an online multimodal identification method based on the complex network is proposed, which identifies different modes by the difference of data distribution between samples. To identify transition modes, moving window technology is introduced to extract dynamic characteristics of the historical data. The multimodal data is mapped in a complex network with the mean vectors of windows as nodes and the Jensen–Shannon (JS) divergence between the mean vectors as edges. Then, the community clustering algorithm is applied to cluster the nodes, which can automatically determine the number of clustering and solve the problem of unknown modal numbers in historical data. On this basis, the Kernel Density Estimation method is used to introduce the JS divergence thresholds to realize a new online multimodal identification, including transition modes and unknown modes. The model can be updated by collecting samples of unknown modes from the online multimodal identification results. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical example and the Tennessee-Eastman process.
The treatment of CO2→1-MCP significantly accelerate the decrease of soluble tannin and maintained quality of persimmon fruit.
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•CO2 treatment induced deastringency and quality ...deterioration of persimmon fruit.•CO2 followed by 1-MCP before cold storage (CO2→1-MCP) made up the shortage of CO2.•CO2→1-MCP promoted the decrease of soluble tannin of persimmon fruit.•CO2→1-MCP significantly maintained fruit quality and prolonged the storage time.•CO2→1-MCP induced antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibited LOX activity.
The different sequential combined effect of carbon dioxide (CO2, 90%) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 0.5μLL−1) on storage quality of persimmon fruit was investigated. In this study, the application of CO2 could induce the decrease of soluble tannin. But, the CO2-treated persimmon fruit soften rapidly, reducing their shelf life. Compared with CO2 treatment before cold storage, the treatment with CO2 deastringency after cold storage (air→CO2), CO2 deastringency followed by 1-MCP treatment before cold storage (CO2→1-MCP), and 1-MCP treatment followed cold storage before CO2 deastringency (1-MCP→CO2) were more effective in prolonging the storage time of persimmon fruit, especially the application of CO2→1-MCP, as indicated by higher firmness and soluble solids content, and the lower electrical conductivity and MDA content during most of the storage periods. Moreover, the treatment with CO2→1-MCP could induce the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase. Meanwhile, the treatment with CO2→1-MCP could also maintain the lower lipoxygenase activity. These results suggest that the treatment of CO2→1-MCP may be an useful technique to decrease the soluble tannin content, maintain quality and prolong the storage time in postharvest persimmon fruit during storage.
▶ The performances of compounds from
Euonymus alatus on five resins were studied. ▶ The contents of rutin and quercetin were 8.45-fold and 13.14-fold increased. ▶ The method was ease in upscaling of ...rutin and quercetin from bioresource.
In this study, the performances of rutin and quercetin from
Euonymus alatus (
Thunb.)
Siebold extracts on five macroporous resins with different physical and chemical properties were investigated. The results of static tests indicated that AB-8 resin was the most appropriate and its adsorption data were well fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. In order to optimize the separation process, different pH values of sample solution, different concentrations and pH values of ethanol solution also have been investigated. Column packed with AB-8 resin was used to perform dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments. After the treatment with AB-8 resin and optimal conditions, the contents of rutin and quercetin in the product were 8.45-fold and 13.14-fold increased with recovery yields of 63.1% and 72.3%, respectively. The results showed that the present method was suitable for large-scale preparation of rutin and quercetin from
Euonymus alatus (
Thunb.)
Siebold or other herbal materials.
Mutations in the recombination activating gene 1 (
) and
in humans are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, from severe combined immunodeficiency to immune dysregulation. Partial ...(hypomorphic) RAG deficiency (pRD) in particular, frequently leads to hyperinflammation and autoimmunity, with several underlying intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms causing a break in tolerance centrally and peripherally during T and B cell development. However, the relative contributions of these processes to immune dysregulation remain unclear. In this review, we specifically focus on the recently described tolerance break and B cell abnormalities, as well as consequent molecular and cellular mechanisms of autoantibody production in patients with pRD.
Omeprazole is a commonly used drug in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in rats with UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The ...pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered omeprazole (20 mg/kg) was investigated in normal and UC rats using LC-MS/MS. The formation of 5-OH omeprazole, a main metabolite of omeprazole, in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) from normal and UC rats was compared. The protein levels of CYP1A2, CYP2D1, and CYP3A1 in the liver were measured by Western blot. Compared with normal rats, UC rats had increased plasma concentrations of omeprazole, resulting in an increased AUC0–240 min and decreased CL. DSS treatment decreased the formation rate of 5-OH omeprazole in RLMs but did not change the affinity of the enzymes. The Vmax and CLint of RLMs from UC rats were 62% and 48% those of RLMs from normal rats, respectively. The hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 protein levels in UC rats were 42.6 and 45.2% lower than those in normal rats, respectively; however, the protein levels of CYP2D1 in the two groups were similar. The activity and expression of some hepatic CYP450 isoforms were decreased by UC, leading to changes in the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole.
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•g-C3N4-IMA-FePcCl16 was prepared by axial coordination.•The spectral response region of g-C3N4 was broadened.•The separation rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs was ...promoted.•g-C3N4-IMA-FePcCl16 exhibited a high activity over a broader pH range.•Synergistic photocatalysis mechanism of multiple active species to eliminate CBZ.
Utilizing peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes to remove emerging contaminants in water has received widespread attention. In this study, g-C3N4-IMA-FePcCl16 that was fabricated by axial coordination was applied to activate PMS for carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation. The introduction of imidazole-based ligand (IMA) and iron hexadecachlorophthalocyanine (FePcCl16) facilitates the photogenerated electron-hole pairs separation of g-C3N4 and broadens the visible-light response range. The coordination structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that g-C3N4-IMA-FePcCl16 can highly effective eliminate CBZ with a removal of ∼95% within 25 min in the presence of PMS. The effects of various experimental parameters on the CBZ degradation were investigated, such as the loading amount of FePcCl16, pH, PMS dosage and anions. It is noteworthy that Cl− has a positive effect on the degradation of CBZ. Another interesting finding is that the degradation of CBZ is attributed to the synergistic effect of multiple active species, which is confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance and radical quenching tests. Superoxide radicals (O2−) and singlet oxygen (1O2) are the dominated active species. This work offers a novel idea for the rational design of high-efficiency photocatalysts for wastewater remediation.
